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All day long，you are affected by large forces.Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks.Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices.Instantaneous perceptions set off neural reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.
Over the past few years，scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life.Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.
Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals.But in fact，it’s another book about deep patterns.Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success，he argues.They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.
Gladwell’s non-controversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others.Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.
Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age.It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals.It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships，social bonds and cultures of achievement.
Yet，I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries.They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.
Most successful people begin with two beliefs：the future can be better than the present，and I have the power to make it so.They were often showered by good fortunes，but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will.These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention.Control of attention is the ultimate individual power.People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them.They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.
Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity.And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents.As the classical philosophers understood，examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.
重点词汇：
dynamics 动力（n.）
instantaneous 即时的（adj.）
perception 观点（n.）
neural 神经的（adj.）
pattern 模式（n.）
exceptionally 例外地；尤其地（adv.）
talent 天才；天赋（n.）
beneficiary 受益者（n.）
non-controversial 没有争议的（adj.）
revolution 革命（n.）(https://www.daowen.com)
assumption 假设（n.）
are preoccupied with 被占据
self-initiating 自我激发的（adj.）
crucial 关键的（adj.）
难句解析：
①It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals.
【结构分析】主语为it，谓语为could lead，宾语为policy makers。built on为过去分词短语充当policies的后置定语，that引导assumption的同位语从句。profit-maximizing的意思是“利益最大化”。
②It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships，social bonds and cultures of achievement.
【结构分析】主语为it，谓语为could cause，宾语为them。that引导的定语从句修饰policies。foster的意思是“培育，培养”。relationships，social bonds and cultures of achievement为并列结构，充当定语从句中的宾语。
③They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.
【结构分析】主干为they’ve lost sight。at which引导介词前置的定语从句，从句为and引导的并列句。
全文翻译：
一天到晚你都在受到巨大力量的影响。基因会影响你的智商、倾向冒险的程度；社会动态潜移默化地决定了你的选择；瞬时的感知也在不知不觉中触发你头脑中的神经反应。
过去数年，科学家们在这些深层模式如何影响日常生活方面有着一系列激动人心的发现。马尔科姆·格莱德威尔在将这些发现引起大众关注上所做的工作超过了任何人。
格莱德威尔的新书《不凡者》乍看上去似乎是在描述那些拥有非凡才华的个体。而事实上，它还是一本关于“深度模式”的书籍。作者认为异常成功的人们并不是创造出自己成功的孤独先锋，而是社会安排中的幸运受益者。
格莱德威尔的一个没有引来争议的主张是有些人比另外一些人拥有更多的机会。比尔·盖茨在信息化革命到来之时就读于一所拥有自己的计算机的优秀私立学校，那是他的幸运。
格莱德威尔的书被评论家们看作奥巴马时代的行动呼吁，可能让决策者最终拒绝采纳那些建立在假设人们都是冷漠、理智、极端利益化的个体之上的政策，而更多地关注那些能巩固关系、加强社会关系以及创造文化成就的政策。
然而，我只是觉得格莱德威尔和那些认同他观点的人们被新发现的好处冲昏了头脑。他们已经看不见在社会影响力和个人主动影响力之间的“临界点”。
多数成功人士的出发点中有两个信念：未来会比现在更好，我能够让它实现。虽然他们经常是好运当头，但在关键时刻依靠的还是个体意志力的成功。这些人还具备有意识地集中注意力的超凡能力。控制注意力是最基本的个人力量。那些能做到这一点的人们不会成为周围刺激的囚徒。他们能从整个世界的各种模式中进行选取并延长它们的时间跨度。
格莱德威尔的社会决定论忽视了个体个性及个体创造力的重要性。而且它没有充分说明人类中那些不凡者的真正伟大之处。正如古典哲学家的观点，个体伟大的典范比任何形式的教育更能激发人们创造出成就。