北京大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（阅读部分）答案与解析
Part IV Reading Comprehension
41.A。推理题。根据第一段中的“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”可知，Facebook给予人们想要的孤独，同时又满足人们自恋的心理。所以正确答案是A选项。
42.C。推理题。根据第一段中的“Our online communities become engines of self-image，and self-image becomes the engine of community
but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”以及“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation.But not all the time，not every morning”可知，Facebook让人们变得越来越虚荣，时时刻刻想着去展示自己。所以正确答案是C选项。
43.C。推理题。根据第一段中的“The real danger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves，but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity，it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude.”以及“Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation.But not all the time，not every morning”可知，Facebook改变了孤独的本质，新的孤立与人们的自我相联系，因为人们每时每刻都在想着在Facebook上面展现自我。所以正确答案是C选项。
44.D。推理题。根据第二段中的“What Facebook has revealed about human nature—and this is not a minor revelation—is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond，and that instant and total connection is no salvation，no ticket to a happier，better world or a more liberated version of humanity.”可知，instant and total connection与a bond不同，是不太重要的东西。由此可推断出，a human bond是重要的东西，所以正确答案是D选项。
45.B。推理题。根据第二段最后一句话“Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated：the chance to forget about ourselves for a while，the chance to disconnect.”可知，作者认为Facebook克制了我们的快乐，而我们低估了这种快乐的深奥：让我们能暂时忘记自我和逃离的机会。B选项“它克制了我们去社交的愉悦”符合作者的观点。因此，正确答案是B选项。
46.D。细节题。根据第一段的第一句话和第三句话“Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton，while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s，probably knew all the science there was to know at the time
The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did”可知，当艾萨克·牛顿在17世纪末系统陈述力和万有引力定律以及发明微积分学时，他可能已知晓那个年代的所有科学知识，但是现代高中生拥有的科学知识可能比牛顿都要多。A选项“牛顿是17世纪唯一知晓所有科学的人”不准确。B和C选项属于无中生有。所以正确答案是D选项。
47.A。细节题。根据第二段中的“Sure，you have to know a lot to be a scientist”可知，知道很多才能当科学家，所以科学家是知识的大师。根据第三段中的“One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant”可知，科学知识是变得无知的更好的新方法。B选项中的“知识”不准确，应为科学知识。因此正确答案是A选项。
48.B。推理题。根据第四段最后一句话“Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers；answers tend to be the end of the process，whereas questions have you in the thick of things.”可知，作者认为人们能更容易了解问题，而问题往往也比答案更有趣。答案往往是过程的终结，而问题则让你处于事情的团团围绕之中。由此可知，问题让人们可以更容易了解科学。所以正确答案是B选项。
49.D。词义辨析题。定位至原文最后一段第一句话“Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer.”中，this side of science承接上文，take a backseat的意思是“变得没那么重要了”。因此，正确答案是D选项。
50.A。推理题。综观全文可知，作者在讲大众与科学的关系。作者在文章最后总结说“then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.”由此可知，作者最关注的是大众参与到科学中来，所以正确答案是A选项。(https://www.daowen.com)
51.C。细节题。根据第一段第一句话和第四句话“Information technology that helps doctors and patients make decisions has been around for a long time
According to IBM，it can digest information and make recommendations much more quickly，and more intelligently，than perhaps any machine before it”可知，Watson是智能电脑，能帮助医生和病人做出决定，因此正确答案是C选项。
52.A。细节题。根据第一段第四句话中的“
it can digest information and make recommendations much more quickly”可知，Watson能处理大量信息，给出建议，因此C和D选项为Watson的能力。根据第二段最后一句话中的“
it usually issues a series of possibilities，each with its own level of confidence attached.”可知，Watson能够计算可能性，因此B选项也为Watson的能力之一。根据排除法，可得出正确答案是A选项。
53.D。细节题。根据第三段第二句话“And at an unofficial coming-out party in Las Vegas last year，during the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society
”可知，Marty Kohn是在一次非正式亮相的聚会上做演讲，并非学术会议，因此A选项错误。再根据该句中的“
Marty Kohn，an emergency-room physician and a clinical leader of the IBM team training Watson for health care.”可知，Kohn是IBM团队训练Watson从事健康护理的临床负责人，但他并不是IBM培训部的人，因此B选项错误。根据第三段中的“Standing before a video screen that dwarfed his large frame
”可知，Kohn身材较高大，只是电子屏幕让他显得矮小，因此C选项不正确。根据第三段最后一句话“Kohn described in his husky voice how Watson could be a game changer—not just in highly specialized fields like oncology but also in primary care，given that all doctors can make mistakes that lead to costly，sometimes dangerous，treatment errors.”可知，Kohn非常看好Watson的前景，因此正确答案是D选项。
54.B。推理题。根据第四段中“
‘anchoring bias’：human beings’tendency to rely too heavily on a single piece of information.”以及“Tools like Watson are less prone to those failings.”可知，Watson不太容易出现“anchoring bias”这类错误。所以正确答案是B选项。
55.A。主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Watson是什么，以及其在医学领域的应用。A选项紧扣文章内容；D选项（IT解决方案）太过宽泛，因此正确答案是A选项。
56.D。细节题。根据第一段第二句话中的“
most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education.”可知，大多数人认为随着我们的年龄增长，环境影响将会逐渐超过我们天生的基因遗传，因此正确答案是D选项。
57.C。细节题。根据第二段第二句话中的“To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age，Plomin’s team pooled data from six separate studies
”可知，Plomin团队的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而变化。因此正确答案是C选项。
58.A。推理题。根据第三段第一句话和第二句话“Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood，genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence.In adolescence，this rose to 55 percent；by young adolescence，it was 66 percent.No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age
”可知，Plomin团队得出的结论是，基因影响随年龄增长而上升。所以正确答案是A选项。
59.A。推理题。根据第三段可知，Plomin认为那些G较高的孩子将利用他们的环境培养认知能力，选择志同道合的朋友。而那些G中等或较低的孩子可能选择不那么具有挑战性的娱乐和活动，更进一步强化了他们的基因遗传。接下来就讲到我们是否可以人为介入这一模式。由此可以推断出，这里所说的模式指的是孩子们的认知能力的发展。所以正确答案是A选项。
60.A。细节题。根据最后一段可知，Plomin认为，当所有孩子全部学习同一课程，而不是根据他们天生的能力制定相应的课程，基因差别可能会更加得到强化。因此，他倾向于向G中等或较低的孩子投入更多精力。由此可推断出，Plomin不认同所有孩子都学习同一课程。因此正确答案是A选项。