Benign Biliary Strictures

Distal common bile duct strictures from inflammation-induced periductal fibrosis occur in up to 46%of patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis（Adler et al.2006；Abdallah et al.2007）.Indications for biliary drainage are summarised in Table 9.5（Dumonceau et al.2012）.Careful evaluation（e.g.brush cytology，endoscopic ultrasound or intraductal ultrasound）should be performed to exclude a malignant aetiology of the stricture.Various studies report biliary stenting with either a single plastic stent or multiple side-by-side plastic stents，or with covered SEMS.(https://www.daowen.com)