Section 3 Medical Literature 第三部分 医学文献
Part 1.Coexistence of rare arteries in the human celiac-mesenteric system
Some rare anomalies of the celiac-mesenteric1)2) system were observed postmortem in a Japanese adult male:
The left gastric,common hepatic,splenic and superior mesenteric arteries arose independently from the abdominal aorta3).The anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal4) artery of the superior mesenteric artery issued a hepatic artery which ascended along the anterior surface of the pancreas and gave off the right gastroepiploic5)，right gastric and cystic arteries.The common hepatic artery gave off an anastomosing branch to the superior mesenteric artery.The left gastric artery gave off the left accessory hepatic artery.The splenic artery issued the accessory middle colic artery.The left inferior phrenic artery gave off the esophageal branch.
These anomalies are discussed in light of a typological system which we proposed in a previous paper for the celiac-mesenteric system.
注释：
1）celiac［ˈsi：liæk］腹的，腹腔的
2）mesenteric［ˌmesənˈterik］肠系膜的
3）aorta 心房
4）pancreaticoduodenal 胰十二指肠的
5）gastroepiploic 胃网膜的(https://www.daowen.com)
Part 2.Directional terms
Directional terms are used to show the position of one structure in relation to another structure.
Anterior(or ventral)——pertaining to the front of the body or a structure
Posterior(or dorsal)——pertaining to the back of the body or a structure
Superior(or cephalic)——a position that is toward the upper portion
Inferior(or caudal)——a position that is toward the lower portion
Proximal——toward the trunk of the body
Distal——away from the trunk of the body
Superficial(or external)——close to the surface of the body
Deep(or internal)——close to the center of the body
Medial——toward the midline of the body
Lateral——away from the midline of the body