Selected Bibliography
Cremer，William Randal，“Parliamentary and Interparliamentary Experiences”，The Independent，61（August 30，1906）508-513.
Davis，Hayne，“Cremer and the Interparliamentary Union”，The Independent，61（July 19，1906）126-131.
Dictionary of National Biography：Twentieth Century Supplement，1901-1911.London，Oxford University Press，1912.
Efremov，Ivan N.，“La Conciliation internationale”，Recueil des cours，18（1927）1-148.The Hague，Académie de droit international.The history of arbitration during the Cremer period is covered in pp.5-62.
Evans，Howard，Sir Randal Cremer：His Life and Work.London，T.Fisher Unwin，1909.
François，M.J.P.A.，“La Cour permanente d'arbitrage：son origine，sa jurisprudence[10]，son avenir”，Recueil des cours，87（1955）457-553.The Hague，Académie de droit international.
Obituary，the（London）Times（July 23，1908）13.
Ralston，Jackson H.，International Arbitration：From Athens to Locarno.Stanford，Stanford University Press，1929.
1.Les Prix Nobel，the Dictionary of National Biography，the（London）Times，Who's Who，the Guide to Periodical Literature，and the Annual Register give 1838 as the year of Cremer's birth.Sir Randal's biographer[11]，Howard Evans，gives 1828.Investigation confirms this latter date.The following entry appears in the baptismal[12]register of the Wesleyan Chapel，Daniel Street，Portsea，Portsmouth（RG4/563）：“William Randall，son of George Morris and Harriett Cremer，was born March 18，1828，and baptized July 6th，1828.Residence Fareham by me，W.Toase，Minister.”This information was sent to the editor by C.F.Coghlan，correspondent and trustee[13]of the Cremer Cottages Charity，in a letter dated October 21，1969，Fareham，Hants，England.The name Randall is here written with two“l's”，but Cremer always wrote his name with one“l”.
2.See biography of Frédéric Passy，co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for 1901.
【注释】
[1]indomitable adj.不屈服的，不屈不挠的(https://www.daowen.com)
[2]stringent adj.严厉的，迫切的，银根紧的
[3]apprentice n.学徒v.当学徒
[4]compulsory adj.必需做的，必修的，被强迫的，被强制的，义务的
[5]amendment n.改善，改正
[6]constituency n.（选区的）选民，（一批）顾客，支持者，赞助者
[7]neutrality n.中立，中性
[8]signature n.签名，署名，信号
[9]diplomacy外交
[10]jurisprudence n.法学
[11]biographer n.传记作者
[12]baptismal adj.洗礼的
[13]trustee n.托管人，保管人，理事