Conclusion

Conclusion

It is for the above-described experiments that the Caroline Institute has honored me by conferring upon me the Nobel Prize.Many of these experiments were performed more than six years ago and have been applied in human surgery.The technique by means of which the blood-vessels are anastomosed^[104]or transplanted could be used with complete success and absolute safety on human beings.It has been shown to be possible，in cases of surgical and accidental wounds，to suture the humeral and femoral arteries，the common carotid，and even the abdominal aorta and other vessels.In cases of aneurisms^[105]several surgeons have been able to reestablish the continuity of the artery by the transplantation of a segment of vein.The principles found out in the course of the experiments will make possible all kinds of operations on the blood-vessels of human beings.In his admirable method for the transfusion of the blood Crile first used suture for the anastomosis of the blood-vessels.Although the suture is difficult on very small vessels，it has，nevertheless，been used with success in the transfusion of the blood in infants.The study of the circulation of the blood through metallic tubes has led to a simpler technique，which has been used by Dr.Tuffier and which will increase the efficiency of Crile's method.It is probable that many other practical applications will be found，since the experimental studies have definitely demonstrated that operations on bloodvessels，and transplantation of the same，can be made without danger.

It has further been demonstrated that autoplastic transplantation of organs like the kidney，for example，is always successful；but this fact is of itself of little practical interest.However，a limb which has been accidentally severed from the body，as for instance happens with a circular saw，etc.might easily be replanted on its owner.But it is not yet known whether surgeons will ever be able to perform a homoplastic transplantation with permanent success.Before this is accomplished it will be necessary to discover a means of recognizing the individuals，if such exist，between whom organs can be interchanged with impunity.Thus，while the problem of the transplantation of organs has been solved from a surgical point of view，we see that this by no means suffices to render such operations of definite surgical practicability，and it will only be through a more fundamental study of the biological relationships existing between living tissues that the problems involved will come to be solved and thereby render possible the benefits to humanity which we hope to see accomplished in the future.

【注释】

[1]注：从事有关血管缝合以及脏器移植方面的研究

[2]anastomosis n.接合，相接

[3]respiratory adj.呼吸的

[4]thoracic adj.［解］胸的

[5]sarcoma n.［医］肉瘤，恶性毒瘤

[6]amputate vt.切除（手臂，腿等）

[7]anastomosis n.接合，相接

[8]vascular adj.［解］［动］脉管的，有脉管的，血管的

[9]thrombosis n.血栓症

[10]forceps n.镊子，钳子

[11]sheath n.鞘，护套，外壳

[12]haemostasis n.（=hemostasis）［医］止血法

[13]endothelium n.［解］内皮，［植］内种皮

[14]thrombus n.［医］血栓

[15]coagulated blood n.凝固的血

[16]fibrin n.［生化］（血）纤维蛋白，（血）纤维

[17]intima n.［解］内膜

[18]syringe n.注射器，注油器，洗涤器v.注射，冲洗，灌洗

[19]haemostatic n.（=hemostatic）［医］止血剂adj.（=hemostatic）［医］止血的，能够止血的

[20]gauze n.薄纱，［医］纱布，薄雾

[21]vaseline n.凡士林，凡士林的商标名

[22]venous adj.静脉的

[23]anastomoses n.［医］（血管筋脉等的）吻合（术），愈合

[24]arterial adj.动脉的

[25]caliber n.口径，才干，器量

[26]lumen n.流明（光通量单位），［解］内腔

[27]thoracic adj.［解］胸的

[28]femoral adj.股骨的，大腿骨的，大腿的，［解］股动脉

[29]stenosis n.［医］（器官）狭窄

[30]anatomical adj.解剖的，解剖学的

[31]encroach vi.（逐步或暗中）侵占，蚕食，超出通常（或正常）界线

[32]dilatation n.［医］扩张，扩张术

[33]thoracic adj.［解］胸的

[34]aorta n.大动脉

[35]fistula n.［医］瘘，瘘管

[36]hypertrophy n.［医］肥大，过度生长，过度增大

[37]sclerosis n.［医］硬化症，硬化，硬结

[38]carotid n.［解剖］颈动脉adj.颈动脉的

[39]jugular adj.喉的，颈的，颈静脉的n.颈静脉

[40]vein n.血管，静脉，叶脉，翅脉，矿脉，纹理，性情，心绪vt.使成脉络，象脉络般分布于

[41]autoplastic adj.［医］自体移植的，自体成形术的

[42]histological adj.［生］组织学的

[43]intima n.［解］内膜

[44]heterologous adj.不齐［等、同］的

[45]aneurism n.动脉瘤

[46]popliteal adj.［解］腿弯部的

[47]formalin n.福尔马林［商标名］，甲醛水

[48]jugular adj.喉的，颈的，颈静脉的n.颈静脉

[49]carotid n.［解剖］颈动脉adj.颈动脉的

[50]poliomyelitis n.小儿麻痹症，急性骨髓灰白质炎

[51]aneurism n.动脉瘤

[52]adventitia n.［解］外膜，动脉外膜

[53]peritoneum n.［解］腹膜

[54]mimetism n.［生］拟态，［心理］模仿性

[55]aneurism n.动脉瘤

[56]anterior adj.前面的，在前的

[57]ulceration n.溃疡

[58]lumen n.流明（光通量单位），［解］内腔

[59]maxillary adj.上颌骨的n.上颌骨

[60]auricle n.外耳

[61]longitudinal adj.经度的，纵向的

[62]haemorrhage n.出血（尤指大出血），溢血

[63]auditory canal n.听管

[64]cutaneous adj.皮肤的，影响皮肤的

[65]oedema n.［医］水肿，［植］瘤腺体

[66]necrosis n.坏疽，骨疽

[67]anastomose v.［医］（使）吻合vi.（河流等）汇合

[68]incision n.切割，切开，切口

[69]sartorius n.裁缝机

[70]femoral adj.股骨的，大腿骨的，大腿的，［解］股动脉

[71]anaesthetize vt.麻痹，使麻痹

[72]congestion n.拥塞，充血

[73]haemostasis n.（=hemostasis）［医］止血法

[74]interdigital adj.［电］交叉指型的

[75]oedema n.［医］水肿，［植］瘤腺体

[76]necrose v.［医］（使）陷于坏死

[77]chloroform n.氯仿vt.用氯仿麻醉

[78]necrosis n.坏疽，骨疽

[79]epithelium n.上皮，上皮细胞

[80]affectionate adj.亲爱的，挚爱的

[81]vasodilatation n.［生理］血管舒张

[82]trophic adj.营养的，有关营养的

[83]extirpation n.消灭，根除，毁灭

[84]thrombosis n.血栓症

[85]ovary n.（生物）卵巢，（植物）子房

[86]intestine n.［解，动］肠

[87]serrefine＜法＞n.小弹簧镊（外科手术中用以压迫血管，防止出血）

[88]abdominal cavity n.腹腔

[89]gastrosplenic adj.［解］胃与脾脏的

[90]atrophy n.［医］萎缩，萎缩症

[91]anatomical adj.解剖的，解剖学的

[92]anatomical adj.解剖的，解剖学的

[93]homoplastic transplantation同种移植

[94]vasodilatation n.［生理］血管舒张

[95]peritoneum n.［解］腹膜

[96]stenosis n.［医］（器官）狭窄

[97]albumen n.蛋白，［植］胚乳

[98]nephrectomy n.［医］肾切除术

[99]nephrectomy n.［医］肾切除术

[100]albumen n.蛋白，［植］胚乳

[101]albumen n.蛋白，［植］胚乳

[102]nephrectomy n.［医］肾切除术

[103]histological adj.［生］组织学的

[104]anastomose v.［医］（使）吻合vi.（河流等）汇合

[105]aneurism n.动脉瘤