Jules Bordet-Biography[1]

Jules Bordet-Biography ^[1]

Jules Bordet was born in Soignies，Belgium，on June 13，1870.Hewas educated in Brussels where he graduated as Doctor of Medicine in 1892.In 1894 he went to Paris to work at the Pasteur Institute until 1901 when he returned to Belgium to found the Pasteur Institute，Brussels.He has been Director of the Belgian Institute since its inception（honorary since 1940）and Professor of Bacteriology，University of Brussels，since 1907（honorary since 1935）.

Bordet's early studies showed that antimicrobic sera include two active substances，one existing before immunization，known as alexine，and the other a specific antibody created by vaccination：he developed a method of diagnosing microbes by sera.In 1898，he discovered haemolytic sera and showed that the mechanism of their action on foreign blood is similar to that by which an antimicrobic serum acts on microbes and，furthermore，that the reactions of the sera are colloidal in nature.He has contributed much towards the understanding of the formation of coagulin^[2]and also anaphylactic^[3]poisons.Together with Gengou（in 1906），he cul-tivated B.pertussis and laid the foundations of the generally accepted opinion that this organism is the bacterial cause of whooping cough.In addition to his being an acknowledged world authority in many branches of bacteriology，Bordet was considered to be a great exponent and worker on immunology^[4].He was the author of Traitéde l'Immunitédans les Maladies Infectieuses（2nd ed.，1939）（Treatise on immunity in infectious diseases）and a great number of medical publications.

Bordet was a permanent member of the Administrative Council of Brussels University，he was President of the First International Congress of Microbiology^[5]（Paris，1930），and Past President of the Premier Council of Hygiene of Belgium，the Scientific Council of the Pasteur Institute of Paris and the Belgian Academy of Medicine.He was Doctor，honoris causa，of the Universities of Cambridge，Paris，Strasbourg，Toulouse，Edinburgh，Nancy，Caen，Montpellier，Cairo，Athens，and Quebec.He was a member of the Belgian Royal Academy，the Royal Society（London），the Royal Soci-ety of Edinburgh，the Academy of Medicine（Paris），the National Academy of Sciences（U.S.A.），and many other academies and societies.Bordet gained many awards during his career，including the Grand Cordon de l'Ordre de la Couronne de Belgique（1930），the Grand Cordon de l'Ordre de Léopold（1937），the Grand Croix de la Légion d'Honneur（1938），and public honours of Rumania，Sweden and Luxemburg.

In 1899 Bordet married Marthe Levoz.They had one son，Paul，who succeeded his father as Chief of the Pasteur Institute in Brussels and also as Professor of Bacteriology^[6]，and two daughters.Jules Bordet died on April 6，1961.

从1900年诺贝尔基金会正式成立，1901年12月10日首次颁奖。一百年来，世界各国已经有几百名科学家获奖。它成为人类原始性创新的重要标志，有力推动了社会生产和人类文明的进步。诺贝尔科学奖获奖范围几乎包括了20世纪中，发生在这些相关领域的所有科学大事件。从相对论到量子力学理论；从胰岛素的发现到基因工程的研究；从原子弹爆炸到大爆炸理论无不包括在内。诺贝尔科学奖从一个侧面反映了世界科学发展的状况，是现代科学发展的重要标志。

【注释】

[1]注：作出了有关免疫方面的一系列发现

[2]coagulin n.凝固素，凝固蛋白

[3]anaphylactic adj.过敏的，导致过敏的

[4]immunology n.［生］免疫学

[5]microbiology n.微生物学

[6]bacteriology n.细菌学