（三）解题策略
概括大意题要求考生为文章中的若干段落选出最恰当的小标题，即选出最能概括段落主题或要点的标题。具体的解题策略有：
1.充分利用题干说明中的信息
概括大意题在题干说明中一般都会给出有关文章主题的信息，这对于答题而言是十分重要的，考生应充分利用以理解和把握文章的主题和脉络，从而围绕大的主题确定各段的小标题。
2.逐段阅读，逐段回答
这种题型的选项一般放在原材料的开头部分，它们大多意思简单、表述简洁、容易记忆。因此，阅读完一段文章之后，考生可先停下来，概括该段落的中心思想，再到前面的选项中去找答案。
3.注意段首段尾句，准确概括大意
段落的主题句一般出现在段落的首尾两个地方，所以答题时应首先阅读首尾句概括段落主旨大意。当在文章中不能直接找出主题句时可圈定段落中的主题词，然后合理概括段落大意。
4.重复原文者为陷阱，同义转述者为答案
分析选项时要注意，正确选项往往是对主题句的改写，而不可能是对段落中某句话的简单重复。另外，此类题型还易将段落中未展开详细例证说明的句子直接设置为干扰选项，要特别加以注意。
【真题回放】
Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list（A-F）for each numbered paragraph（41-45）. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
[A]What to do as a student?
[B]Various definitions of plagiarism
[C]Ideas should always be sourced
[D]Ignorance can be forgiven
[E]Plagiarism is equivalent to theft
[F]The consequences of plagiarism
Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for, the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another.”(https://www.daowen.com)
The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.
Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.
Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.
Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation—note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography—are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them, the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.
The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.
The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgment. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.
【策略应用】
◆充分利用题干说明中的信息
根据要求中提供的信息得知这篇文章是关于学术抄袭的。
◆逐段阅读，逐段回答
首先，文章第1段给抄袭下了定义，但此段为首段，未设题。
接着，第2段（即第41题所在的段落）第1句话就提到了对抄袭的处罚（penalties for plagiarism）在不同的情况下是不一样的；接着用列举法对第1句话做详细说明：In many universities……，In the literary world……；由此确定本段段首句为主题句。浏览选项，[F]中的consequences为penalties的近义复现，故该项为第41题答案。
第3段又提到students……must avoid……by……by……，虽然本段后面部分从总体上介绍了造成抄袭的三种情况：偶然、无知和故意，但并未具体涉及哪一种情况，故本题应排除[D]的干扰，答案为[A]。
第4段先介绍了偶然性抄袭（plagiarism by accident）是怎样引起的（……is the result of……），最后又提到因为这种抄袭相比其他情况不是最严重的，只要接受教学即可免受处罚（it is the least serious……can be exempt from being severely punished）。[D]中的ignorance（无知）为引起偶然抄袭的原因的概括，而can be forgiven是对can be exempt的同义转述，故第43题的答案为[D]。
第5段段首出现了“无知（ignorance）”这个词，有的考生第44题就选了[D]。但是该段强调的是作者都应该标注引用的来源（sources），如果没有标注，免不了要受到抨击，故第44题答案为[C]。
第6段介绍了故意抄袭（plagiarism by intention），作者在该段第1句就称它是一种学术盗窃（academic thievery），然后又用到steals（盗窃）, deceive（欺骗）, immoral（不道德的）, dishonest（不诚实的）, offensive（冒犯的）, despicable（卑鄙的）等词来描述这一抄袭行为，故第45题答案为[E]，其中的theft与上述关键词为共现关系。