索 引
索 引
页码后面的字母 f 和 t 分别代表该页上的图和表格。
译者 田 帅 姜 亮
A
Adjacent organ injury, intraoperative 术中的邻近器官损伤 98
Algorithm for Spinal Metastases 脊柱转移的规律 10, 11f
Angiography, preoperative 术前血管造影 63, 71
Anterior column reconstruction 前柱重建 39, 64～66
Anterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带(ALL), 36, 39
Anterior surgical approach 前方手术入路 38, 59, 63, 64～66
Anticoagulant therapy 抗凝治疗 98
Artery of Adamkiewicz 根最大动脉 38, 63, 98
Atlantoaxial ligamentous complex 寰枢椎韧带复合体 50
Atlantoaxial subluxation, anterior 寰枢椎半脱位 50
B
Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital 贝斯以色列女执事医院 29
Biologically effective dose (BED), in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy 在立体定向消融放射治疗中的生物有效剂量 25, 26, 30
Biopsy, indications for 活体组织检查指征 6～7
Bisphosphonates 二磷酸盐 87
Bladder cancer, metastatic 转移性膀胱癌 6
Bone allografts 同种异体骨移植 17, 21, 64, 102
Bone autografts 自体骨移植 21, 39, 64, 102
Bone metastases, extraspinal 脊柱外骨转移 7～8
Bone mineral density (BMD), as vertebral fracture predictive factor 骨密度（BMD），脊椎骨折的预测因素 16
Bone quality, implication for surgical planning 骨的质量，与手术的设计相关 102
Bone scintigraphy, preoperative 术前骨扫描 88, 97
Boriani’s Algorithm for Spinal Metastases 脊柱转移Boriani治疗流程 10, 11f
Bowel, intraoperative injury to 小肠损伤，术中 101
Brachial plexopathy, stereotactic ablative radio-therapy-related 臂丛神经炎，立体定向放射治疗相关的 28～29, 30
Brachial plexus, contouring atlas of 臂丛，剂量等高线（Brachial plexus contouring atlas of） 30
Breast cancer 乳腺癌 1, 6, 18f, 40, 86～87, 88
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) 简易疼痛量表（BPI） 27～28
C
Cages, for spinal reconstruction 用于脊柱重建的融合器 17
for anterior column reconstruction 用于前柱重建 39, 64
anteriorly-placed, with posterior supplemen-tation 前方放置，辅以后方固定 70, 71
expandable titanium 可延展，钛合金 39, 62, 65, 82f, 83, 102
in thoracoabdominal approach 从胸腹入路 56, 56f
in transpedicular approach 经椎弓根路径 54f, 55
Cancer. See specific types of cancer 癌症。请见癌症的专业分类
Cancer Patient Fracture Evaluation (CAFE) trial癌症患者骨折评估（CAFE）试验 90
Carcinoid tumors, metastatic 转移性类癌 6
Cardiac tamponade 心脏压塞 58
Cement augmentation, see also Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 椎体强化术，同见聚醚醚酮（PEEK） 17, 75.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion techniques 脑脊液分流技术 101
Cerborospinal fluid fistulas 脑脊液漏管 100
Cerebrospinal fluid leaks 脑脊液漏 48t, 51, 56, 100～101
Cervical spine metastases 颈椎转移 1
as pain cause 颈部疼痛的原因 50
as spinal instabilyty cause 脊椎不稳的原因 17, 20f, 50
surgical approaches to 颈椎转移的手术入路 49～51, 48t, 49f, 52～53, 52f
surgical treatment planning for 颈椎转移的手术方案设计 50
Chemotherapy 化学治疗 6, 28, 32～33
Chest tubes, in spinal reconstruction 脊柱重建中的胸腔引流管 62
Children, spinal tumors in 儿童中的脊椎肿瘤 1
Chyle leaks 乳糜漏 101
Clinical target volume (CTV), in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy 在立体定向消融放射治疗中的临床目标容积 27, 31
Coagulation abnormalities 凝血异常 97～98
Cobalt Chromalloy rods and screw heads 钴铬合金的棒和螺钉 102
Colorectal cancer 结直肠癌 1, 6
Colostomy 结肠造口术 58
Complications, of metastatic spinal tumors. See also specific complications 转移性脊柱肿瘤并发症，参见特殊并发症
intraoperative 术中的并发症 1, 8, 97～104
Computed tomography (CT) 计算机断层扫描（CT） 47
intraoperative 术中的 63
preoperative 术前的 62, 63, 87, 96～97
Computed tomography angiography 计算机断层扫描血管造影术 63
Computed tomorgraph myelography 造影后计算机断层扫描 32, 63
Corpectomy 椎体次全切除术
as subaxial cervical instability treatment 下颈椎不稳的治疗手段 17
thorascopic 胸腔镜辅助 80, 82f, 83f
transpedicular 经椎弓根路径 65, 66, 70, 72
Corticosteroids 皮质类固醇 47
Costotransversectomy 肋骨横突切除术 17, 65, 98
Craniove tebral junction instability, treatment of颅椎交界区不稳的治疗 17
Cyber Knife radiosurgery 射波刀放射手术 30, 32
D
Decompression 减压 54f, 57～58, 101
Deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成 98
Dexamethasone 地塞米松 28, 47, 99
Dist disease, lumbar 腰椎间盘疾病 57
Diskectomy, endoscopic 内镜下椎间盘切除术（DIC） 95～96
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC） 98
Doxorubicin, implication for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy 阿霉素，与立体定向消融放射治疗相关 28, 32
Dura, metastases invasion of 转移侵及硬脑膜 1
Dural tears 硬脑膜撕裂 100, 100f
E
Edema, spinal cord 脊髓水肿 99
Electromyography 肌电图 99
Emborlism, pulmonary 肺栓塞 98
Emborlization, preoperative 术前栓塞 38, 44
Embolization, preoperative, of hypervascular tumors 富血运肿瘤术前栓塞 9, 38, 44, 47, 63, 98
En bloc resection, of metastatic spinal tumors 脊柱转移瘤的整块切除术 36～46
complications of 相关并发症 40t, 41, 43, 48
goal of 手术目的 36
indications for 手术指征 8, 42～43
local tumor control with 用整块切除治疗局部肿瘤 39～41, 40t, 43
surgical technique 手术技术 37～39
survival time after 存活时间 48
tumor recurrence after 肿瘤复发 43
of vascular tumors 血管肿瘤的整块切除术 98
vertebrectomy with 全脊椎切除的整块切除术 37, 38～39, 44
End-of-life care, prognostic indicators in 临终关怀的预后指标 7
Endoscopic procedures 内镜手术方式 80～84
Enneking William Enneking William人名 36
Enneking staging system Enneking分 期 系 统 36～37
Epidural spinal cord compression, See Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) 硬膜外脊髓压迫。参见转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫（MESCC）
Esophageal cancer, metastatic 转移性食管癌 6
Esophagus 食管 28, 29, 30～32, 33, 59, 101
Evaluation, of metastatic spinal tumor patients.See Treatment decision making 转移性脊柱肿瘤病人的评估。参见手术切除方案的制定
Ewing’s sarcoma, chemotherapy for 尤文氏肉瘤的化学治疗 6
Extracavitary approach, in posterior-only spinal reconstruction 在仅后方脊柱重建的腔外入路 65
F
Fixation/fusion, spinal 脊柱的固定/融合 61～72 after anterior column reconstruction 前柱重建后 65
after instrumentation complications 内植物并发症发生后 103
after posterior-only spinal reconstruction 仅后方脊柱重建后 65
after transpedicular corpectomy 经椎弓根椎体次全切除术后 66, 68f
biomechanics of 脊柱固定/融合的生物力学 71
combined anterior and posterior approach in 前后方联合入路的脊柱固定/融合 71, 71～72
implant loosening in 内植物松动 9
obstacles to 对脊柱固定/融合的障碍 101
occipitocervical 枕颈固定/融合 17, 50, 101
open posterior 开放式后路 92, 92f
posterior pedicle, in en bloc resection 在整块切除中，椎弓根的基部 39
Flap reconstruction 皮瓣重建 9, 12, 104
Foraminotomy 椎间孔切开术 47, 57
Fractures, vertebral compression 椎体压缩骨折
after vertebral augmentation 椎体强化后 92
as immobility cause 脊柱不稳定的原因 97
as mortality risk factor 死亡风险因素 87
multiple 多节段的 88
open posterior fixation of 椎体压缩骨折的开放式后路固定 92, 92f
osteoporotic 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折 87, 90
as pain cause 疼痛原因 101
percutaneous kyphoplasty/percutaneous vertebr-oplasty of 经皮后凸成形术/经皮椎体成形术 86～95
postoperative 术后椎体压缩骨折 92, 93, 102, 103f
prevention of 椎体压缩骨折的预防 88
stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-related 立体定向消融放射治疗相关的 21, 26～27, 31, 32
stereotactic radiosurgery-related 立体定向放射手术相关的 92
vertebral augmentation of 椎体压缩骨折的椎体强化 86～95
Functional status, of surgical candidates 拟行手术者的功能状态 96
G
Gemcitabane, implication for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy 吉西他滨，与立体定向消融放射治疗相关 28, 32
Giant cell tumors, metastatic 转移性巨细胞肿瘤 6
H
Hemangiopericytomas, preoperative embolization of 术前栓塞治疗的血管外皮细胞瘤 63
Hematologic malignancies 恶性血液病 1, 6, 97
Hemilaminectomy, for cervical spinal metastases颈椎转移的半椎板切除术 50
Hemipericardium 心包积血 59
Hemorrhage 出血 6, 97, 100
Hemostasis 止血 97
Hemothorax, thoracotomy-related 开胸术相关的血胸 48t, 55, 59
Hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞性肝癌 6, 63
Histolgy, of tumors, as treatment decision making factor 肿瘤细胞的组织学，治疗方案制定的因素 5～6, 10, 12
Hoffman’s ligaments, in en bloc resection 整块切除术中的霍夫曼韧带 39, 44
Huntsman Cancer Institute 亨茨曼癌症研究所 80 Hypercalcemia 高钙血症 88
Hypervascular tumors 富血供肿瘤 6, 9, 38, 44, 47, 63, 98
Hypoglossal nerve, surgery-related injury to 手术相关的舌下神经损伤 51
I
Imaging, 61～62. See also Computed tomography (CT); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Positron emission tomography (PET) 影像学， 62～63。参见计算机断层扫描（CT）；磁共振成像（MRI）；正电子发射断层扫描 （PET）
Implants , spinal 脊柱内植物 9, 62
Infections, of surgical sites, See also Wound healing, postoperative 手术区域感染 77, 79, 88, 102, 104。参见术后伤口愈合
Instrumentation, complications of 内固定相关并发症 101～102, 103f
Instrumentation artifacts 内固定伪影 102, 104
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy 调强放射治疗 1
Intraoperative complications, prevention of 术中并发症的预防 99～101
K
Karnofsky Performance Scale 远期生活质量评估量表 7, 28
Kidney cancer. See Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic肾癌。参见转移性肾细胞癌
Kyphoplasty 后凸成形术
Percutaneous 经皮的 87～92, 93
prophylactic 预防性 29
as spinal instability treatment 脊柱不稳的治疗 15, 17
Kyphoscoliosis, spinal metastases-related 脊柱转移相关的脊柱后侧凸 21
Kyphosis, spinal metastases-related 脊柱转移相关的脊柱后凸 21
L
Laminectomy 椎板切除术
with adjuvant radiation therapy 辅助放射治疗 47～48
advantages of 椎板切除术的优点 48t
complications of 椎板切除术的并发症 16, 48t, 78
decompression via 通过椎板切除术减压 2, 48, 49f, 50, 54f, 57, 62
Lateral approach 侧方入路 63, 70
Lateral extracavitary approach 腔外侧方入路 65～68
Lateral mass screws, misplacement in vertebral artery 侧块螺钉，椎动脉变异 50, 59
Life expectancy, after spinal metastases treatment脊柱转移治疗后的生活期望 96
Linear accelerators (LINACs) 直 线 加 速 器（LINACs） 29
Linear-quadratic model, of spinal cord reirradiation脊柱转移再照射的线性二次模型 26, 30
Lingual nerve, surgery-related injury to 手术相关的舌咽神经损伤 51
Liposarcoma, myxoid 黏液脂肪肉瘤 41
Liver cancer, metastatic 转移性肝癌 6, 47
Load sharing, spinal 脊柱负载分配 16
Locking plates and screws 锁定板和螺钉 64, 65
Lumbar spine metastases 腰椎转移 1, 16
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS)of 脊柱不稳定肿瘤评分（SINS） 18～20f
surgical approaches to 腰椎转移的手术路径 48t, 57, 65
Lumbosacral junction, spinal instability treatment in腰骶交界区脊柱不稳的治疗 20～21
Lumbosacral spine, retroperitoneal access to 腹膜后入路到达腰骶椎 63, 64
Lung cancer 肺癌 1, 3, 6, 41, 47, 86, 88
Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 3, 6, 47, 88
M
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), preo-perative 术前磁共振血管造影术（MRA） 62
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像（MRI） 3, 3f, 62～63, 88, 96～97, 102
Margins, surgical. See also En bloc resection 手术边界。参见整块切除术
Enneking system of Enneking分期系统 36～37
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 安德森肿瘤中心 27, 29
Medical fitness, of metastatic spinal tumor patients转移性脊柱肿瘤病人的医疗健康 2
Medrol Pck Oral 美卓乐 30
Melanoma, metastatic 转移性黑色素瘤 1, 6
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心 27, 28
Metastases 转移 1, 7
Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) 转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫（MESCC）
assessment of 转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫的评估 3
decompressive laminectomy of 椎板切除减压 2
grading system for 分级系统 3, 3f
incidence of 发生率 62
medical treatment of 医学治疗 47
preoperative imaging of 术前影像学评估 62～63
prevalence of 转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫的发病率 2
radiation therapy for 放射治疗 3f, 47
surgical treatment of 手术治疗 2～3, 8～9
treatment decision making regarding 关 于转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫手术方案的制定 2～3, 3f
Metastatic spinal tumors. See Cervical spine metastases; Lumbar spine metastases; LUmbar spine metastases 转移性脊柱肿瘤。参见颈椎转移；腰椎转移
Methylmethacrylate (MMA) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA） 89
Methylprednisolone, as pain flare prophylaxis 甲基强的松龙，用于预防突发疼痛 30
Minimally invasive surgery 小切口手术 1～2, 75～84
advantages of 优点 58～59
anterior and anterolateral approaches in 前方和侧前方入路 70, 78～80, 80t
criteria for 标准 76
definition of 定义 75～76
disadvantages of 缺点 59
posterior approach in 后方入路 76～78, 77f, 79f, 79
posterolateral approach in 侧后方入路 79
thorascopic 胸腔镜辅助 80～84
Morphine 吗啡 27～28, 47
Motor, evoked potential (MEP) monitoring 运动诱发电位（MEP）监测 99
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) 运动诱发电位（MEPs） 64
Multiple myeloma 多发性骨髓瘤 1, 3, 6, 19f, 47, 86～87, 88
Myelopathy 脊髓病 22, 50
N
National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events （美国）国立癌症中心对于不良反应毒性评估标准 28
Neck dissection, anterior, with sternotomy 前方颈部淋巴结清扫术，合并胸骨切开术 48t, 52f, 53, 53f
Nect pain, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-related 立体定向消融放射治疗相关的颈部疼痛 30
Nerve plexuses, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-related toxicity in 立体定向消融放射治疗相关的神经丛毒性 30, 33
Nerve root compression 神经根压迫 2
Nerve roots, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-related toxicity in 立体定向消融放射治疗相关的神经根毒性 30, 32, 33
Neuroblastomas 神经母细胞瘤 1
Neuroendocrine tumors 神经内分泌肿瘤 6, 98
Neurologic, oncological, mechanical, and systemic (NOMS) treatment decision framework 神经学、肿瘤学、力学、系统的（NOMS）治疗决策框架 10, 12f, 41
Neurologic deficits 神经功能缺损(https://www.daowen.com)
assessment during operative positioning 手术定位的评估 97
en bloc resection-related 整块切除术相关的 39
spinal metastases-related 脊柱转移相关的 47
surgery-related 手术相关的 98, 99
vertebral compression fracture-related 椎体压缩骨折相关的 87～88
Neurologic evaluation, of metastatic spinal tumor patients 脊柱转移肿瘤患者的神经功能评估 2～3
Neurologic monitoring 神经监测
intraoperative 术中的 64, 98
preoperative 术前的 98
Neurologic pain, vertebral compression fracture-related 椎体压缩骨折相关的神经痛 87
New England Journal of Medicine 新英格兰医学杂志 90
O
Occipitocervical foxation/fusion 枕颈固定/融合 17, 50, 101
Oncological status, of metastatic spinal tumor patients 脊柱转移肿瘤患者的肿瘤学状态 5～7
Osteopenia 骨量缺乏 9
Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症 9, 88
Osteotomy 截骨术 37, 44, 58
Ovarian cancer, radiosensitivity of 卵巢癌的放射敏感度 6
P
Pain, metastatic spinal tumor-related 脊柱转移肿瘤相关的疼痛 47, 50
local 局部的 4
mechanical 机械性的 4, 47, 21
minimally invasive surgery-related reduction in 小切口手术相关的减轻 83
palliative therapy for 姑息性治疗 47～48
radicular 神经根性的 4
treatment decision making about 制定的手术方案 3～4
vertebral compression fracture-related 椎体压缩骨折相关的 87, 88
Pain flare, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy-related 立体定向消融放射治疗相关的爆发性疼痛 27～28, 31
Palliation, as spinal metastases treatment goal 缓解痛苦，作为脊柱转移治疗目标 8
Pallitive therapy 姑息性治疗 7, 42～43, 47～48, 56～57, 75～76
Pancreatic cancer, metastatic 转移性胰腺癌 6
Paragangliomas, metastatic 转移性副神经节瘤 41
Patchell Criteria 人名，标准 96
Patient positioning 患者定位 98
Patient selection criteria 患者选择标准 96～97
Pedicle screws 椎弓根螺钉 65, 66, 67～71, 68f, 69f, 70f
Percutaneous kyphoplasty. See Kyphoplasty, percutaneous 经皮后凸成形术
Percutaneous vertebroplasty. See Vertebroplasty, percutaneous 经皮椎体成形术
Periosteum, tumor invasion of 肿瘤侵及骨膜 36
Pheochromocytomas, metastatic 转移性嗜铬细胞瘤 41
Planning organ-at-risk volume (PRV) 危及器官计划靶区 30
Plastic surgeons, collaboration with 与整形外科医生合作 9, 12, 102
Pneumothorax, thoracotomy-related 开胸术相关的气胸 48t, 55, 59
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 聚 醚 醚 酮（PEEK） 64, 102
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA） 17
as alernative to titanium cages 钛笼的替代物 102
for anterior column reconstruction 应用于前柱重建 64～65
cardiovascular complications of 心血管并发症 91
Steinmann pin-augmented 斯氏针增强的 17, 64
for vertebral augmentation 用于椎体强化 91～92, 92f, 93
as verebrectomy defect filler 用作肢体切除术缺损填充物 64～65
Positron emission tomography (PET), preoper-ative 术前正电子发射断层扫描（PET） 62, 97
Posterior approach 后方入路
to the cervical spine 到达颈椎 50, 50～51
in en bloc resection 在整块切除术中 38, 39
as infection risk factor 感染风险因素 78
to the lumbar spine 到达腰椎 57
in minimally invasive surgery 在小切口手术中 76～77, 77f, 78f, 79
to the sacral spine 到达骶椎 58
Posterior arch resection 后弓切除 37, 38, 44
Posterior column reconstruction, in en bloc recon-struction 在整块切除重建中的后柱重建 39
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) 后纵韧带in en bloc resection 在整块切除术中 39
in retroperitoneal surgical approach 在腹膜后手术入路中 57
in transpedicular approach 在经椎弓根手术入路中 55, 56
tumor invasion of 肿瘤侵及 36, 44
Posterolateral approach 侧后方入路 17, 76
Primary tumors 原发肿瘤 6, 36～37, 37f, 38f, 96
Prognosis 预后 5～7, 37, 37f, 42～43, 44, 47
Prostate cancer 前列腺癌 1, 6, 86
Pseudoarthorosis 假关节 101
Pseudomentingoceles 假性脑脊液膨出 100
Q
Quality of life, health-related 健康生活质量 96
R
Radiation necrosis, as vertebral compression fracture risk factor 放射性坏死，椎体压缩骨折的风险因素 27
Radiation therapy 放射治疗 6, 47～48
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy trial 肿瘤放射学组（RTOG），立体定向消融放射治疗试验 24, 32
Radiculopathy 神经根病 28～29, 50, 87, 88
Radioresistant tumors definition of 6
Radioresistant tumors 定义为抗放射性肿瘤 6, 42, 47, 97
Reconstruction, after metastatic spinal tumor resection 脊柱转移瘤切除后的重建 62～74
anterior 前方入路 64～65
combined anterior and posterior 前后方联合入路 71
preoperative planning for 术前计划 8～9, 12, 62～64
purpose of目的 101～102
selection of techniques for 技术选择 8～9, 12
staged 分期的 63
surgical approaches in 手术入路 64, 65～72
Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic 转移性肾细胞癌 1, 86
en bloc resection of 整块切除 40
hypercalcemia asscoiated with 相关的高钙血症 88
preoperative embolizaton of 术前栓塞 47, 63, 98
radioresistance of 抗放射性 6
surgical and radiation treatment for 手术和放射治疗 103f
tumor resection-related hemorrhage form 肿瘤切除相关的出血 6
Retroperitoneal approach 腹膜后入路 39, 48t, 57, 63, 64
Rhizotomy, cerebrospinal fluid leak prevention in 预防脑脊液漏的神经根切断术 100
S
Sacral spine 骶椎 1, 20～21, 57～58
Sacrectomy 骶骨切除术 56～57
Sarcoma 肉瘤 1, 6
Satellite tumors cells 卫星肿瘤细胞 36, 37
Scoliosis, lumbar 腰椎侧凸 57
Segmental arteries. See also Artery of Adam-kiewicz 节段动脉 39, 44。参见腰膨大动脉
Seminomas, radiosensitivity of 精原细胞瘤的放射敏感度 6
“Separation surgery, ” “分离手术” 75
Sequential compression devices (SCDs) 连续压缩装置（SCDs） 98
Skip lesions 跳跃病变 36
Smith Robinson/anterolateral approach 人名，入路/前路 48t, 51～52, 52f
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) 躯体感觉诱发电位（SSEPs） 64, 99
Spinal cord compression. See also Metastatic epidural spinal root compression (MESCC) 脊髓压迫，1, 99。参见转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫（MESCC）
Spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤 64, 98, 99
Spinal deformity, spinal instability-related 脊柱不稳相关的脊柱畸形 17
Spinal instability, tumor-related 肿瘤相关的脊柱不稳 4, 15～22
assessment of 评估 4～5, 5t
biomechanical factors in 生物力学因素 15～16
in the cervical spine 在颈椎方面 50
definition of 定义 4, 15～16
diagnosis of 诊断 15
as mechanical pain cause 作为机械性疼痛的原因 4, 21
postoperative 术后的 101
predictive factors for 预测因素 16
as spinal deformity cause 作为脊柱畸形的原因 17
treatment of 治疗 4, 8, 15, 17
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) 不稳定脊柱肿瘤评分（SINS） 4～5，5t, 15, 16～17, 18～20f, 22, 47
Spinal metastases. See also Cervical spine metastases; Lumbar spine metastases; Met astatic spinal tumors; Thoracic spine metastases 脊柱转移 1, 38, 47, 86～87。参见颈椎转移；腰椎转移，转移性脊柱肿瘤；胸椎转移
Spine ONcology Study Group (SOSG), metastatic epidural spinal cord compression grading system of 脊柱肿瘤学组（SOSG），转移性硬膜外脊髓压迫分级系统 3, 3f
Spinopelvis, reconstruction of 脊柱骨盆重建 58
Spondylectomy, total, in en bloc resection 整块切除的全脊椎切除术 38, 39～41, 40t, 44
Spondylolisthesis, decompression-related worsen-ing of 减压相关的脊柱滑脱恶化 57
Staging, of metastatic spinal tumors 转移性脊柱肿瘤的分期 7～8
Stanford University 斯坦福大学 28
Steinmann pins 斯氏针 17, 64
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) 立体定向消融放射治疗（SABR）
complications of 并发症 24～35
avoidance of 避免 29～33
esophageal toxicity 食管毒性 28, 31～32, 33
pain flare 疼痛爆发 27～28
radiation myelopathy 放 射 性 脊 髓病 24～25, 25t, 30
radiation plexopathy/radiculopathy 放射性神经丛病/神经根病 28～29
vertebral compression fractures 椎体压缩骨折 21～22, 26～27, 32, 33
dose constraints in 剂量限制 25t, 26t, 29～30, 31t
immobilization systems for 制动系统 29
linear-accelerator (LINAC)-based systems 基于直线加速器（LINAC）系统 29
organs at risk (OAR) in 风险器官 29～31, 32
planning organ-at-risk volume (PRV) for 预计风险器官体积 30
reirradiation dosage recommendations for 再照射剂量推荐 25～26, 26t, 30
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBR). See Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) 立体定向躯体放射治疗（SBR）。参见立体定向消融放射治疗（SABR）
Stereotactic spinal radiosurgery 立体定向脊柱放射手术 1, 6, 42, 43, 44, 92
Steroids 类固醇 99, 101, 102
Stomach cancer, metastatic 转移性胃癌 6
Surgical approaches, See also specific surgical approaches 手术入路，47～61，参见特定手术入路
region-specific 区域特异性
cervical spine 颈椎 50, 48t, 51～53
complications of并发症 50～51, 48t
lumbar spine 腰椎 48t, 57
sacral 骶椎的 57～58
thoracic spine 胸椎 48t, 51～55, 53f, 54f, 56f
relationship to patient’s life expectancy 患者生存期望的关系 47～48
selection of 选择 8
transoral 经口咽 48t, 51
Surgical candidates, evaluation of 手术方案的评估 96～97
Surgical Classfication of the Vertebral Tumors 椎体肿瘤手术分类 37, 37f, 44
Surgical planning 手术计划 8～9, 97
T
Tension bands, vertebral 椎体张力带 16
Thomas Jefferson University 托马斯杰弗逊大学 26
Thoracic region, “trapdoor” approach to “活板门”入路入胸部区域 48t, 52f, 54, 54f, 64
Thoracic spine metastases 胸椎转移 1
as instability cause 不稳定的原因
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) of 不稳定脊柱肿瘤评分（SINS） 16～17, 18～20f
treatment for 治疗 17
surgical approaches to 手术入路 48t
anterior column reconstruction 前 柱 重建 64～65
anterior neck dissection with sternotomy 开胸术联合颈部前方清扫术 53, 53f
lateral extracavitary approach 外侧腔外入路 65～66
minimally invasive surgery 微 创 手 术 75～76, 77f, 78f
posterior approaches 后方入路 76～77,77f, 78f
posterior-only approach 侧后方入路 65
posterolateral approaches 胸 腹 入路 76～77, 77f, 78f
thoracolumbar approach 胸腰入路 57, 56f, 79
transpedicular approach 经 椎 弓 根 路径 54f, 55～56
as vertebral collapse cause 椎体塌陷原因 16
Thoracoabdominal approach 胸腹入路 56, 56f, 78
Thoracolumbar approach 胸腰入路 79
Thoracolumbar spine, vertebral collapse in 在胸腰段发生的椎体塌陷 16
Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜 28, 79～84
Thoracotomy 开胸术 48t, 55, 54f, 59, 64, 65, 78～80, 83
Thyroid cancer/carcinoma, metastatic 转移性甲状腺癌 1, 86
en bloc resection in 整块切除 41
histology of 组织学 6
preoperative embolization of 术前栓塞 63, 98
radioresistance of 抗放射性 6
tumor resection-related hemorrhage from 肿瘤切除相关的出血 6
Tokuhashi scoring system, for metastatic spinal tumor prognosis 用于转移脊柱肿瘤评估预后的Tokuhashi评分系统 7, 42, 47
Tomita scoring system, for metastatic spinal tumor prognosis 用于转移脊柱肿瘤评估预后的Tomitai评分系统 7, 37, 37f, 42, 44, 47
Transoral surgical approach, to the cervical spine 经口咽入路到达颈椎 48t, 50
Transpedicular approach 经椎弓根路径 48t, 54f, 55～56, 65
Transpedicular corpectomy 经椎弓根路径椎体切除术 65, 66, 70, 72
Transpedicular decompression, posterior surgical approach in 后方手术入路经椎弓根路径减压 76
Transpedicular vertebrectomy 经椎弓根路径椎体切除术 77, 77f
Transperitoneal approach, in en bloc reconstruction经腹腔入路行整块重建 39
Transthoracic approach 经胸入路 48t, 55, 54f, 100, 101
“Trapdoor” approach, to he thoracic region “活板门”入路到达胸部区域 48t, 52f, 54, 54f, 64
Traumatic injury, differentiated from spinal instability 创伤性损伤，区别于脊柱不稳 16
Treatment algorithms 治疗的规则 10, 11f, 42
Treatment decision making, in metastatic spinal tumor surgery 在转移性脊柱肿瘤手术方案的制定 1～14
factors affection 影响因素 2～8, 10, 12, 37, 37f, 42～43, 44, 47, 96～97
Treatment goals 治疗目标 42, 97
Treatment modalities, for spinal metastatic tumors 转移性脊柱肿瘤的治疗形式 1～2
Tumor of unknown origin 未知区域的肿瘤 6, 98
Tumor seeding, intradural 硬膜内的肿瘤种植 100
U
University of Toronto 多伦多大学 24, 27, 29, 30
University of Utah 犹他大学 80
Unstable spinal lesions, preoperative neuromoni-toring of 对不稳定脊柱病灶的术前神经监测 64
V
Vascular injuries, intraoperative 术中血管损伤 101
Venous thrombosis, postoperative 术后静脉血栓形成 63
Vertebrae, as surgical compartment 脊椎，作为手术分隔 36
Vertebral artery 椎动脉 50～51, 59
Vertebral augmentation, 4, See also Vertebroplasty椎体强化，4。参见椎体成形术
as adjunctive treatment 附加治疗 9
contraindications to 禁忌证 88
for increased pull-out strength 加强拔出力 99
indications for 适应证 17
as infection caues 感染的原因 88
prophylactic 预防性 22
Vetebral body collapse, 16, See also Spinal instability 椎体塌陷，16。参见脊柱不稳
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) of 不稳定脊柱肿瘤评分（SINS） 16～17, 18-20f
Vertebral metastases. See Spinal metastases 椎体转移。参见脊柱转移
Vertebrectomy 椎体切除术
anterior 前方入路 17, 64
in en bloc resection 整块切除 37, 38～39, 44
lateral 侧方入路 70
lateral extracavitary 侧方腔外入路 65
posterior 后方入路 54t
transpedicular 经椎弓根路径 76～77, 77f
Vetebroplasty 椎体成形术
percutaneous (PVP) 经皮椎体成形术（PVP） 86～94, 91f, 92～93f
prophylactic 预防性 30
as spinal instability treatment 作为脊柱不稳定的治疗 15, 17
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) 容积调强弧形放射治疗（VMAT） 29～30
W
Wake-up tests 唤醒试验 98, 99
Wound dehiscence 伤口裂开 102, 104, 105
Wound healing,postoperative 术后伤口愈合 9, 12, 48, 59, 100, 104, 105
X
X-rays, preoperative 术前X线片 62, 63, 88