附录3  可参考使用的句型

附录

附录1 历年真题中常见的词汇与短语

附录2 写作常用核心词汇

1．下降、减少reduction,decrease,decline,diminution,drop,descend,go/come down,fall；上升、增加rise,go up,ascend,increase

2．禽流感H1N1 flu bird flu,avian flu；食品安全food safety

3．公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies；应急反应immediate response to

4．关注民生concern(focus on,pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being

5．城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system

6．预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care；服务体系service system

7．讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene

8．清淡的lite；蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet

9．预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures

10．人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis

11．虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borne infectious disease

12．肾病综合征nephrotic/renal syndrome

13．流行性出血热epidemic hemorrhagic fever

14．爆发，流行break out,explode,an epidemic outbreak of,explosion

15．传染infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable,contagion/ contagious,transmission/transmittable

16．传播途径route of transmission

17．传播，散布diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation

18．污染pollution/pollute,contamination/contaminate

19．福祉well-being,happiness

20．衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile

21．每况愈下from bad to worse；相似的akin to=similar to；脓的，化脓的purulent

22．脂肪肝fatty liver；血压hypertension

23．肠癌cancer of rectum and colon；亚健康sub-health

24．过劳死karoshi,death from overwork

25．长期以来for a long time,over the years

26．养生preserve one's health,nourishing of life,keep in good health

27．分三类be divided into,fall into three categories,be grouped according to their origin into three classes,be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds

28．基本职责basic/fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/ obligations；基本原则fundamental principle/rule,basic rule or principle

29．morals,morality,ethics均含有“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正直地对人对事的品德。

30．民众the(general)public,the masses of the people,the common people；合作者co-worker,collaborator,copartner,coagent

31．死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.

There have been more deaths from drowning.

How much is the death toll?

32．归结为boil down to,come down to；归因为/归功于be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute…to,owe…to；归咎于lay or put the blame on sb.,blame…on,ascribe or attribute…to,impute…to

33．大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive；大规模流行large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak

34．表面上on the surface,apparently,ostensibly,superficially,seemingly；因果关系cause-and-effect relationship,causal relationship/relations；孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate；极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy

35．低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；养老保险endowment insurance；退休养老金retirement pension；医疗改革health care reform

36．激烈运动strenuous exercise,vigorous activity

37．月经期menstrual period

38．生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life,a life of quick/fast pace

39．婴幼儿保健the infant health care

40．安乐死euthanasia

41．得绝症的terminally ill

42．临终关怀hospice care=end-of-life care；濒临死亡的病人dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patients

43．二手烟secondhand smoking=involuntary smoking/passive smoking

附录3 可参考使用的句型

开头句型

1．As far as…is concerned

2．It goes without saying that…

3．It can be said with certainty that…

4．As the proverb says…

5．It has to be noticed that…

6．It’s generally recognized that…

7．It’s likely that…

8．It’s hardly too much to say that…What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是⋯⋯There’s no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，不可否认⋯⋯Nothing is more important than the fact that…What’s far more important is that…

衔接句型

1．A case in point is…

2．As is often the case…

3．As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述

4．But the problem is not so simple.Therefore…然而问题并非如此简单，所以⋯⋯

5．But it’s a pity that…

6．For all that…In spite of the fact that…

7．Further,we hold opinion that…

8．However,the difficulty lies in…

9．Similarly,we should pay attention to…

10．not(that)…but(that)…不是⋯⋯而是⋯⋯

11．In view of the present situation…鉴于目前形势

12．As has been mentioned above…

13．In this respect,we many as well(say)从这个角度上我们可以说

14．However,we have to look at the other side of the coin,that is…然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即⋯⋯

结尾句型

1．I will conclude by saying…

2．Therefore,we have the reason to believe that…

3．All things considered总而言之

4．It may be safely said that…

5．Therefore,in my opinion,it’s more advisable…

6．It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论

7．From my point of view,it would be better if…在我看来⋯⋯也许更好

论说文常用句型(https://www.daowen.com)

1．Although everyone believes that…I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/close examination.

2．As opposed/contrary to widely/commonly/generally held/accepted belief/ideas/ views,I believe/argue that…

3．They may be right about…,but they seem to neglect/fail to mention/take into account the fact that…

4．There is absolutely/in fact no/every reason for us to believe/accept/resist/reject that…

5．It is one thing to believe/insist/claim that…,and it is quite another to say/show/ prove that…

6．You/One may say/argue/think that…,it probably will.But…

7．One may regard/see/view/think of the trend/increase/phenomenon as a sign of/result of/response to/reaction to…

8．A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in/influence the change/increase/decrease/success/development…

9．For one thing,…/One reason is…For another,/Another is…Perhaps the primary/ main/most important reason is…

10．…is partly/mainly/solely/chiefly responsible for the rise/increase/decrease in…

文章开头常用的句型

1．When asked about/When it comes to/Faced with…,the(vast)majority of/most/quite a few people say/claim/argue that…,but other people regard/view/think of/consider as…

2．With the development/improvement/rise/growth of/recognition/realization of…

3．There is a general/much/public discussion/debate on/about/over/as to the issue/problem of…

4．According to a recent/new/official study/survey/report/poll…

5．It has now drawn public/much/nationwide/increasing attention to the problem/issue of…

6．Have you ever/Did you ever think wonder/say…?

7．One of the great writers/men/scientists once said/remarked that….Now it still has a realistic significance/more and more people share this belief.

8．These days we are often told that/often hear about…,but is it/this really the case?

文章结尾常用句型

1．From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors/ Judging from all evidence offered,we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive at the conclusion that…

2．It is high time that we place/lay/put great/special/considerable emphasis on the improvement/development/increase/promotion of…

3．There is no easy/logical/quick/effective method/solution/approach/answer to the problem/question of…,but…might be useful/helpful/beneficial.

4．It is necessary/essential/fundamental that effective/quick/proper actions/steps/measures should be taken to prevent/correct/check/end the situation/tendency/phenomenon.

5．Anyhow,wider/more education/publicity should be given to the possible/potential/ grave/serious consequences/effects of…

论证和阐述常用句型

1．We may cite/quote/mention/take/point out a single/a common/another example of…

2．A study/survey/investigation indicates/reveals/shows/proves/demonstrates that…

3．There is(no)good/every/little/sufficient/considerable/strong evidence/proof to show that/as to/against/in favor of…

4．No one can deny/ignore/doubt/overlook/brush aside the fact that…

5．Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest(s)/show(s)that…

6．The idea/view may be proved by facts/statistics.

7．All the evidence goes to show that/points to the fact that…

8．Take for example/the case of a man who/thing that…

表示原因

1．There are three reasons for this.

2．The reasons for this are as follows.

3．The reason for this is obvious.

4．The reason for this is not far to seek.

5．The reason for this is that…

6．We have good reasons to believe that…

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

表示好处

1．It has the following advantages.

2．It does us a lot of good.

3．It benefits us quite a lot.

4．It is beneficial to us.

5．It is of great benefit to us.

例如：

Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

表示坏处

1．It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2．It does us much harm.

3．It is harmful to us.

例如：

However,everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1．It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.

2．We think it necessary to do sth.

3．It plays an important role in our life.

例如：

Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reasons to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

表示措施

1．We should take some effective measures.

2．We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.

3．We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4．We should solve the problems that we are confronted with.

例如：

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.

表示变化

1．Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2．A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3．The computer has brought about many changes in education.

例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

表示事实、现状

1．We cannot ignore the fact that…

2．No one can deny the fact that…

3．There is no denying the fact that…

4．This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5．However,that’s not the case.

例如：

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

表示比较

1．Compared with A,B…

2．I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

3．There is a striking contrast between them.

例如：

Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.