1.4　Symptoms and Signs

Chronic pancreatitis is thought to be the end result of a long-term inflammatory process that results in both morphological and structural changes（Gupta and Toskes 2005）.This has been proposed as a two-step process in which functional and structural impairment of pancreatic secretion activates zymogens，thus resulting in local destruction of glandular tissue and eventually fibrosis（Gupta and Toskes 2005）.This may also leads to marked pancreatic structural changes including the formation of pseudocysts and ductal strictures.Moreover，repeated cycles of increasing damage and inflammation ultimately contribute to both exocrine and endocrine insufficiency（Gupta and Toskes 2005；Singer et al.1985；Steer et al.1995）.(https://www.daowen.com)