Text Translations
Unit 8 IndustriaI Design:WorId on the WheeI
I.Background Information
An automobile,autocar,motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers,which also carries its own engine or motor.Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads,to have seating for one to eight people,to typically have four wheels,and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.It was estimated in 2010 that the number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles,with 500 million reached in 1986.The numbers are increasing rapidly,especially in China and India.
1.Fuel and propulsion technologies
Most automobiles in use today are propelled by an internal combustion engine,fueled by deflagration of gasoline（also known as petrol）or diesel.Both fuels are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming.Rapidly increasing oil prices,concerns about oil dependence,tightening environmental laws and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles.Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of hybrid vehicles,plug⁃in electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles.Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible⁃fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries.
2.Safety
While road traffic injuries represent the leading cause in worldwide injury⁃related deaths,their popularity undermines this statistic.There are now standard tests for safety in new automobiles,like the EuroNCAP and the US NCAP tests,and insurance industry⁃backed tests by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety（IIHS）.
3.Costs and benefits
The costs of automobile usage,which may include the cost of:acquiring the vehicle,repairs and maintenance,fuel,depreciation,driving time,parking fees,taxes,and insurance,are weighed against the cost of the alternatives,and the value of the benefits—perceived and real—of vehicle usage.The benefits may include on⁃demand transportation,mobility,independence and convenience.
Similarly the costs to society of encompassing automobile use,which may include those of:maintaining roads,land use,pollution,public health,health care,and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life,can be balanced against the value of the benefits to society that automobile use generates.The societal benefits may include:economy benefits,such as job and wealth creation,of automobile production and maintenance,transportation provision,society wellbeing derived from leisure and travel opportunities,and revenue generation from the tax opportunities.The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far reaching implications for the nature of societies.
4.Electric car
Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle（EV）.The term“electric vehicle”refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion,while“electric car”generally refers to highway⁃capable automobiles powered by electricity.Low⁃speed electric vehicles,classified as neighborhood electric vehicles（NEVs）in the United States,and as electric motorised quadricycles in Europe,are plug⁃in electric⁃powered microcars or city cars with limitations in terms of weight,power and maximum speed that are allowed to travel on public roads and city streets up to a certain posted speed limit,which varies by country.
While an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on⁃board battery,electric cars with motors powered by other energy sources are generally referred to by a different name.An electric car carrying solar panels to power it is a solar car,and an electric car powered by a gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car.Thus,an electric car that derives its power from an on⁃board battery pack is a form of battery electric vehicle（BEV）.Most often,the term“electric car”is used to refer to battery electric vehicles.
5.New energy vehicles in China
The stock of new energy vehicles in China is the world's largest,with cumulative sales of more than 1.7 million units through December 2017.These figures include passenger cars and heavy⁃duty commercial vehicles such buses and sanitation trucks,and only accounts for vehicles manufactured in the country.The Chinese government uses the term new energy vehicles（NEVs）to designate plug⁃in electric vehicles eligible for public subsidies,and includes only battery electric vehicles（BEVs）and plug⁃in hybrid electric vehicles（PHEVs）.
II.Notes
1.Notes to Lead-in
汽车，即本身具有动力得以驱动，不需依轨道或电力架设备得以机动行驶的车辆。广义来说，具有四轮行驶的车辆，普遍都称为“汽车”。至今，汽车的发展已经经历了近四百年的历史，为人类社会带来了巨大的变化。随着科技的发展，汽车能源、安全技术也在不断改良，新的车型也在不断推出。
电动汽车（BEV）是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。由于对环境影响相对传统汽车较小，其前景被广泛看好，但当前技术尚不成熟。工作原理：蓄电池——电流——电力调节器——电动机——动力传动系统——驱动汽车行驶（Road）。
2.Notes to Module 1
（1）BMW宝马
宝马的正式汉字全称为巴伐利亚发动机制造厂股份有限公司（德文：Bayerische Motoren Werke AG），是德国一家世界知名的豪华汽车和摩托车制造商，总部位于巴伐利亚的慕尼黑。宝马经常被昵称为Bimmer。宝马集团除了以“宝马”作为品牌商标销售各式汽车与摩托车外，也收购过多家外国汽车公司。目前宝马集团是宝马、MINI、Rolls⁃Royce三个品牌的拥有者。
（2）MINI宝马迷你
宝马迷你（MINI/BMW MINI）是英国的小型汽车品牌，现在隶属于宝马集团（BMW）旗下。迷你品牌在历史上曾有许多拥有者。1966年英国汽车公司变更成为英国汽车控股（British Motor Holdings），1968年英国汽车控股和利兰汽车（Leyland Motors）合并成为英国利兰（British Leyland）。1980年代英国利兰公司关闭，1988年路华集团（Rover Group）和迷你品牌被英国宇航买下。接着在1994年宝马（BMW）买下路华集团。2000年路华集团被宝马裁撤，迷你品牌则改归宝马公司所有。
在2012伦敦奥运会和残奥会上，MINI作为最能代表伦敦的汽车，以各种特色鲜明的“身姿”出现在多个环节，包括“伦敦三侠”（MINI Baker Street版、MINIBayswater版和MINI CABRIOHighgate版）在内的多款限量版车型成功获得了众人的关注。
（3）MINI Paceman
Paceman是MINI在2010年底推出的一款跨界概念车，也是MINI继Countryman后的第二款SUV车型。它保留了MINI品牌所熟悉的特征，在此基础上还增加了个性化的元素。更大的头灯周边采用镀铬的装饰并进一步扩展到前风翼位置；新的A柱设计与个性化的19英寸轮毂是抓眼球之作；轮拱周边暗色装饰匹配侧车裙强调车身的肌肉线条与Paceman的运动特质。动力部分，搭载的是由JCW调校过的1.6升的双涡轮增压发动机使MINI Paceman最大输出马力达到211匹。MINI Paceman已于2013年上市。
（4）SAV
Sport Activity Vehicle的简写，可翻译为运动活力车，这个词是宝马公司设计X5时自创的，想区别于一般的SUV，既从外形上看似越野车，但却像房车一样豪华，兼具两者的特性。
（5）Coupe
Coupe是来自于法语的coupé，是从couper演变而来，couper的意思是，双座四轮轿式马车。后来，Coupe演化成固定顶棚的双座或者2＋2座跑车的代名词。2＋2座是指常用座位是前排的两个，后排的两个不经常使用。在20世纪50年代，敞篷跑车有时被称为敞篷Coupe，但是从20世纪60年代开始，Coupe已经被专门用来表示固定顶棚的车型。
3.Notes to Module 2
（1）“Beautiful China”“美丽中国”
“美丽中国”是中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会提出的概念，强调把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程。2012年11月8日，在十八大报告中首次作为执政理念出现。2015年10月召开的十八届五中全会上，“美丽中国”被纳入“十三五”规划，首次被纳入五年计划。2017年10月18日，习近平同志在十九大报告中指出，加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国。
（2）“Ecological Civilization”“生态文明”
“生态文明”是人类文明发展的一个新的阶段，即工业文明之后的文明形态。“生态文明”是人类遵循人、自然、社会和谐发展这一客观规律而取得的物质与精神成果的总和。
“生态文明”是以人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐共生、良性循环、全面发展、持续繁荣为基本宗旨的社会形态。
“生态文明”是人类为保护和建设美好生态环境而取得的物质成果、精神成果和制度成果的总和，是贯穿于经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设全过程和各方面的系统工程，反映了一个社会的文明进步状态。
（3）“going global”strategy“走出去”战略
“走出去”战略坚持对外开放的基本国策，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，扩大开放领域，优化开放结构，提高开放质量，完善内外联动，互利共赢、多元平衡，安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争的新优势。预示我国“走出去”“引进来”的双向开放向纵深发展。
（4）The Standards of the European Union欧盟标准
欧洲标准的性质为成员国的国家标准与EN标准一致，标准制定机构是CENELEC和CEN，其相关制度有德国的环境标志认证制度。
欧洲排放标准是由欧洲经济委员会（ECE）的排放法规和欧共体（EEC）的排放指令共同加以实现的，欧共体即是现在的欧盟（EU）。排放法规由ECE参与国自愿认可，排放指令是EEC或EU参与国强制实施的。汽车排放的欧洲法规（指令）标准1992年前已实施若干阶段，欧洲从1992年起开始实施欧Ⅰ（欧Ⅰ型式认证排放限值）、1996年起开始实施欧Ⅱ（欧Ⅱ型式认证和生产一致性排放限值）、2000年起开始实施欧Ⅲ（欧Ⅲ型式认证和生产一致性排放限值）、2005年起开始实施欧Ⅳ（欧Ⅳ型式认证和生产一致性排放限值）。
（5）New Energy Cars新能源汽车
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。
新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车、其他新能源汽车等。纯电动汽车（Blade Electric Vehicles，BEV）是一种采用单一蓄电池作为储能动力源的汽车，它利用蓄电池作为储能动力源。
（6）Haptic Technology
Haptic technology，or haptics，是触觉学科的一种，是指通过与计算机进行互动实现虚拟触觉。Haptics一词源于古希腊的“haptein”（捆绑）。通过利用特殊的计算机输入/输出设备（游戏杆、数码手套或者其他设备），用户可以通过与计算机程序交互来获得真实的触觉感受。触觉反馈设备包括触觉反馈传感器，可测量使用者在界面操作所施的力度。
（7）Car Safety Technology汽车安全技术
汽车安全系统主要分为两个方面：一是主动安全系统；另外一方面是被动安全系统。简单来说所谓主动安全就是避免事故的发生，而被动安全则是在发生事故时汽车对车内成员的保护或对被撞车辆或行人的保护。如果细分的话，车体安全也算在主动安全之中——即车体机构设计用料对外来危险的抵抗能力。所以主动安全性的好坏决定了汽车产生事故发生概率的多少，而被动安全性的好坏主要决定了事故后车内成员的受伤严重程度。
汽车主动安全系统为预防汽车发生事故，避免人员受到伤害而采取的安全设计，如ABS、EBD、TCS等都是主动安全设计。它们的特点是提高汽车的行驶稳定性，尽量防止车祸发生。其他像高位刹车灯、前后雾灯、后窗除雾灯也是主动安全设计。
被动汽车安全技术包括吸能车身、安全带、安全气囊、安全头枕、安全玻璃、儿童安全装置等。
III.Language Points
Passage A
◆Important Words and Expressions◆
develop［dIˈveləp］v.开发；进步
e.g. 1.We began to develop a new industrial site.我们开始开发一个新的工业区。
2 It's hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.
在现阶段很难说市场会如何发展。
manufacture［mænjʊˈfæktʃə］v.制造；捏造
e.g. 1.What we will design and manufacture and sell however,should be according to social needs.
我们应该设计、制造并销售怎样的产品，由市场需求决定。
2.According to the prosecution,the officers manufactured an elaborate story.
根据控方意见，官员们精心编造了事情的经过。
launch［lɔ：ntʃ］v.发起，发动；使……下水；发射（导弹、火箭等）
e.g. 1.to launch an investigation/a campaign开始进行调查/一场运动
2.The lifeboat was launched immediately.那艘救生艇被立刻放下了水。
3.to launch a communications satellite发射通信卫星
improve［Imˈpru：v］v.改善，增进；提高……的价值
e.g. 1.How to improve the quality of products was a difficult problem to him.
如何提高产品质量对他来说可是个难题。
2.The aim is to improve performance and quality of service,reduce costs,and simplify management.
目的是提高性能和服务质量，降低成本，简化管理。
preserve［prIˈzɜ：v］v.保护；保持，保存
e.g. 1.One way to preserve species under threat of extinction—whatever the cause—is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there.
不管动物濒危的原因是什么，保护方法其一就是把它们迁移到动物园和公园，在那儿喂养它们。
2.I like to make puree,using only enough sugar to preserve the plums.
我喜欢做果酱，只用足够的糖来保藏李子。
contaminate［kənˈtæmIneIt］v.污染，弄脏
e.g. 1.The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.饮用水被铅污染了。
2.They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.
他们被指控毒害我们青少年的心灵。
thanks to幸亏，由于
e.g. Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
亏得你们帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。
make every effort to竭尽全力
e.g. The war came to an end；many things were waiting to be done.The people had to make every effort to reconstruct their country.
战争结束，百废待举，人民全力以赴，重建自己的国家。
◆Explanations of Difficult Sentences◆
（1）The recent decades has witnessed China's every effort to turn“Beautiful China”and“ecological civilization”into actions to cope with environmental woes brought on by decades of rapid economic growth.
•近几十年来，为了应对经济快速增长带来的一系列环境问题，中国一直全力实践向“美丽中国”和“生态文明”的转变。
•brought：bring的过去分词，这里作后置定语修饰“environmental woes”。
（2）…the launch of the new E10 bus has demonstrated the great capabilities of Chinese technology and the“Made in China”brand in tapping into the UK market,a successful example of Chinese businesses embracing the“Going Global”strategy.
•新款E10巴士的推出彰显了中国技术和“中国制造”品牌在进军英国市场方面的卓越能力，这也是中国企业落实“走出去”战略的成功典范。
•a successful example of…：名词短语，作主语“the launch of the new E10 bus”同位语，解释主语。
•a successful example of：名词短语，of为介词，其后需接名词或者动名词。
（3）For instance,the E10 model is developed based on local needs around the specification and user experience which accounts for its incomparable popularity in the UK market.
•例如，E10就是基于当地对规格和用户体验的特定需求开发的，这也就解释了其在英国市场无与伦比的人气。
•Which：引导非限定性定语从句，这里指前面主句“The E10 model is developed based on…”。
（4）In 2016,an increasing number of countries announced that sales of new diesel and gasoline cars would be banned by 2040,including Britain,offering new possibilities to leading new energy car manufacturers like Yutong amid Europe's battle against environmental pollution caused by the internal combustion engine.
•包括英国在内的越来越多的国家于2016年宣布，将于2040年前禁止新柴油和汽油汽车的销售，这为宇通这类的新能源汽车制造商引领汽车产业，并在欧洲对抗与内燃机引起的环境污染作斗争提供了新的可能。
•Offering：offer的现在分词形式，这里作结果状语，对主句进行解释说明。
•caused：cause的过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰“environmental pollution”。
（5）China has made every effort to turn“Beautiful China”and“ecological civilization”with a series of campaigns launched to fight environmental degradation and preserve environment,as decades of growth have left the country with smog,polluted water and contaminated soil.
•几十年的发展使中国备受雾霾、污水和土壤污染的困扰。因而中国已竭尽全力通过发起一系列抗击环境退化和保护环境的运动来实现“美丽的中国”和“生态文明”。
•With a series of…environment：介词短语，作方式状语修饰主句。
•as：连词，引导原因状语从句，解释主句发生的原因。
Passage B
◆Important Words and Expressions◆
attach［əˈtætʃ］v.cause to be attached使依附；贴上；系上
e.g. 1.The crews seek to cut the cable and attach its two ends to buoys before making the repairs and linking the two ends again.维修人员打算切断光缆，将其两端系上浮标，然后进行维修，修好之后再把两端连接起来。
2.You can attach files,sounds,and images to messages like you can with e⁃mails.
您可以将文件、声音和图像如附加到电子邮件一样附加到消息。
spot［spɒt］vt.catch sight of认出；发现
e.g. 1.Have you ever found it hard to spot the data you're looking for because you couldn't see the forest from the trees？您是否发现很难辨认出正在查找的数据，就好像很难从米饭中分辨出白色的沙粒？
2.It is easy to spot the problems in this simple example by inspecting the code.
在这个简单的例子中，通过检查代码很容易就可以发现问题所在。
encouraging［InˈkʌrIdʒIŋ］adj.giving courage or confidence or hope令人鼓舞的；鼓励的
e.g. 1.There have been some encouraging signs over the past couple of months.
过去一两个月中倒是出现了一些令人鼓舞的迹象。
2.That is hardly an encouraging outcome but we cannot wait passively for another year and just hope for a better result.
这不是一个令人鼓舞的结果，但我们不能消极地再等上一年，只去期待能有一个更好的结果。
catch on变得流行
e.g. 1.The idea has been around for ages without catching on.
这个观点被提出来已经有几个年头了，可是一直没被广泛接受。
2.Perhaps some of these ideas will catch on in Asia after all.
或许这些理念中的一部分最终将在亚洲得到竞相效仿。
in proportion to相称，符合比例；按比例
e.g. 1.A man's vanity is actually in proportion to his ignorance.
一个人的虚荣心实际上和他的无知成正比。
2.A thing is valued in proportion to its rarity.物以稀为贵。
go into从事；调查；进入
e.g. 1.We should go into the matter thoroughly.我们应当对此事进行彻底调查。
2.More females than males go into nursing in the States.
在美国从事护理工作的女性比男性多。
◆Explanations of Difficult Sentences◆
（1）The current prototype uses ultrasonic sensors to spot dangers,but because they have a limited field of view,the next version will use cameras that can span 180°,says Strolz.
•当前的试验样品使用超声波探测器探测危险，但是因为其视角有限，下一版的设计将会使用有效范围达180度的摄像头。
•在这个句子中，but这个转折并列连词连接两个句子“the current prototype…”和“because they have…that can span 180°”，后一个句子中because引导原因状语从句，修饰“the next version will use cameras that can span 180°”。
（2）Reactions from 16 volunteers who tried the new door at BMW's Munich research centre have been encouraging.
•16位志愿者在慕尼黑研究中心试用了新型车门，他们给出的反馈非常令人鼓舞。
•在这个句子中，who引导定语从句，修饰16 volunteers。
（3）“More and more technology is going into active safety that prevents accidents”,he says,“rather than traditional passive measures like airbag and seatbelt designs that help after an accident.”
•他说道：“越来越多的技术致力于研究预防事故的主动安全技术而不是诸如气囊、安全带等在事故发生后降低影响的传统被动安全措施。”
•在这个句子中，rather than是连词，连接active safety和traditional passive measures，意为“而不是”。两个连词that引导定语从句，分别修饰active safety和traditional passive measures。
（4）As can be seen,during the past decade,car safety technologies have changed in emphasis.
•正如我们所看到的，在过去几十年间，汽车安全技术的重点发生了变化。
•As连词引导非限定性状语从句，从句中一般使用被动语态。在这个句子中，as指代主句“car safety technologies have changed in emphasis”。
e.g. As is evident from the graph,the number of dropout has been increasing.
IV.Keys,Tapescripts and Text TransIations
Keys
◆Lead-in◆
Open.
◆Module 1 Learn to Talk◆
Before You Listen
Open.
While You Listen
1.Listen to the interview with a car designer and choose the best answer to each question below.
（1）A （2）D （3）C
2.Listen again and discuss the following questions with a partner.
（1）The interviewee is a car designer,leading the design group,responsible for all design activities,including the interior,exterior and the whole color and material program.
（2）It's a sports activity vehicle with a coupe roofline；the horizontal tail lights in the rear；interior concept—it's a coupe with superior rear head room.
（3）The interviewee thinks self⁃driving car is not remote from our life,which is highly possible in the future.
After You Listen
Open.
◆Module 2 Learn to Read◆
Passage A China's Electric Cars Launched in the UK
Before You Read
Open.
While You Read
1.The major cause is China's fast economic development.
2.The popularity of E10 is because of its advanced technology of using electricity as the power,reliability for its consistence with local needs and competitive prices.
3.Environmental pollution is caused by the internal combustion engine which is commonly used in diesel and gasoline cars.
After You Read
Open.
Reading Comprehension
1.Global understanding
（1）A （2）C （3）D
2.Detailed understanding
（1）B （2）B （3）B
3.Questions for critical thinking
Open.
Language Practice
1.Translate the following phrases into English.
（1）a green future （2）develop new⁃energy cars
（3）tap into foreign market（4）price⁃quality ratio
（5）reduce carbon emission（6）improve environment
（7）win favor with sb.（8）ban the sale of diesel cars
（9）in line with the standards（10）cost⁃efficient
2.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.
（1）可持续性经济发展（2）新开发的电子车
（3）电力车（4）能源消耗
（5）清洁能源（6）严苛的车辆排放标准
（7）汽车尾气（8）抗击环境污染的运动
（9）中国制造（10）经济的交通选择
3.Choose the right word from the bracket to complete the following sentences.Each word can be only used once.Change their forms where necessary.
（1）electric （2）launch （3）developed
（4）preserving （5）economical
4.Write your own opinion on electric carsby using the following wordsor phraseson the underlined space.
（1）Those newly⁃launched new⁃energy cars are manufactured in line with the local's environmental preservation standards.
（2）Electric cars which do not demand the burning of coal and,therefore,reduce carbon dioxide emission are environmental friendly.
（3）Electric cars are developed as a more economical and environmental friendly alternative for diesel and gasoline cars.
（4）Chinese automobile industry has launched campaigns to preserve environment.
（5）Electric cars are economical since the energy consumed is clean and cost efficient.
Passage B New Technology on Car Safety
Reading Comprehension
1.Global understanding
（1）C （2）A
2.Detailed understanding
（1）F （2）T （3）F （4）T （5）F （6）F
3.Questions for critical thinking
Open.
Language Practice
1.Read the following words or definitions and find the words from Passage B which can match them.
（1）span （2）attach （3）potential
（4）sense（5）spot（6）proximity
2.Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
（1）Electric cars will soon catch on
（2）The car factory rolls out approximately 1,500 cars monthly
（3）car's performance is in direct proportion to its price
（4）I'll go into the next item on the agenda
（5）minimizing the traffic accidents caused by cars
3.Read the following definition of the term“Haptic Technology”and then fill in the blanks by choosing the words from the box below.Each word can only be used once.Change the form where necessary.
（1）Haptics （2）tactile （3）sense （4）mechanical
（5）remote（6）sensors（7）measure（8）exerted
Tapescripts
◆Module 1 Learn to Talk◆
Speaking
interviewer:Recently awarded most innovative company in design,you've got fantastic achievement.What are the key ingredients to your success?
interviewee:Well,first of all,I'm with the organization for approximately 10⁃11 years.So,I have a bit of a share in the success already.
interviewer:Could you put it in more details?
interviewee:Yeah,obviously,as we move forward,there is something that we wanna keep.We wanna stay at the top level of innovative design companies.
interviewer:What is the key that finally contributes to the realization of that aim?
interviewee:I think the secret lies in some of the values that we have laid out in the company.This is really embedded in our basic beliefs and our value setting and our vision and mission.
interviewer:So how about the working staff?How do you integrate individuals into an effective working force?
interviewee:Again,it is the same set of values,driving the activities and the mentality of the company and each individual very much.
interviewer:Could you tell us what are those values?
interviewee:Well,we have a set of values that are very much around addressing the individual spirit of our employees.
interviewer:To name but a few?
interviewee:One is creative collaborative culture,another one is we cherish creative human capital.
interviewer:Thanks for your time and the great answers.
interviewee:Anytime,please give my regards to your readers.
Listening
Reporter: Could you introduce yourself briefly to our readers?
Anders Warming:My name is Anders Warming and I'm Danish.For a couple of years I've been responsible for the MINI design team,meaning I'm responsible for every car that MINI has designed that is coming out:the interior,exterior and the whole colour and material program.
Reporter:Could you explain the way you go about designing a car?
Anders Warming:It's a great looking car and it's got superior quality.This is something I think is part of what we have to think about when designing every MINI.But designing every MINI we have to take two things into account.One is the heritage,where we come from,and the other thing is always to be on the cutting edge of new innovation.
Reporter:And what sort of innovative features does the Paceman have specifically?
Anders Warming:The concept Paceman is a so⁃called SAV or an SAV coupe,meaning it's a sports activity vehicle with a coupe roofline.This is a vehicle that has never been launched in that unique format.What we really focused on is to create a design of a car that takes MINI into a next innovative look,especially in the rear where you see for the first time,in the Paceman,the horizontal tail lights.That's completely new to MINI.Third thing I want to mention is the interior concept,that it's a coupe with superior rear head room.And that for me is an innovation that we are able to get something that emotional,that sporty,you are actually able to sit in the back very comfortably and you have two individual chairs that give you that feel of sitting in a lounge.
Reporter:Is it more energy efficient than other MINIs?
Anders Warming:Let's say the engine work we've been doing in the BMW group overall is part of what we call the efficient dynamic program.What we're really happy with this car is that it still is,in a MINI⁃typical way,the smallest car in its segment.That means that any car that would be a competitor to this car would be larger and heavier than this one.
Reporter:Looking forward,are there technologies that you are already thinking about integrated into new models?
Anders Warming:The world is an extremely fast⁃paced and changing,we have so many things that are happening all over.Like I mentioned the words efficient dynamics or minimalism in the case of MINI,the technologies that we apply are all geared towards lowering the weight,lowering emissions,and making sure that the car is even more fun to drive within those parameters.
Reporter:And even further ahead,there are ideas being thrown about a lot at the moment about driverless cars.How far away do you think we are from that?
Anders Warming:I think that we're not too far away from these technologies,it's a very clear thing that self⁃driving cars are part of the future that we'll be living in,in one shape or form.
Text Translations
◆Passage A◆
中国电动车投入英国市场
近几十年来，为了应对经济快速增长带来的一系列环境问题，中国一直全力实践向“美丽中国”和“生态文明”的转变。
现在，从电动汽车到垃圾回收，中国的绿色道路已然有希望为全球其他国家如英国提供相关灵感和机会。宇通是中国第一大汽车品牌，是开发和制造电动汽车的先驱之一。在2018年初，它展示了专为英国利兹设计的E10城市公交车。
据中国驻伦敦大使馆经济商务办公室部长顾旭介绍，新款E10巴士的推出彰显了中国技术和“中国制造”品牌在进军英国市场方面的卓越能力，这也是中国企业落实“走出去”战略的成功典范。
凭借先进的技术，优越的可靠性和有竞争力的价格，近年来中国清洁能源汽车制造商已赢得了欧洲客户的青睐。例如，E10就是基于当地对规格和用户体验的特定需求开发的，这也就解释了其在英国市场无与伦比的人气。许多伦敦和其他主要英国城市的巴士运营商也已预订试用新能源汽车。更重要的是，由于宇通客车的制造严格符合包含了严苛限拍标准的欧标，他们的电动车将会有助于城市减少二氧化碳排放量并有助于改善英国的环境。
包括英国在内的越来越多的国家于2016年宣布，将于2040年前禁止新柴油和汽油汽车的销售，这为宇通这类的新能源汽车制造商引领汽车产业，并在欧洲对抗与内燃机引起的环境污染作斗争提供了新的可能。考虑到英国正在经历一场清洁空气革命，中国的电动客车已然证实比柴油客车更经济和环保。
中国公共汽车不仅在英国受到欢迎，在荷兰和保加利亚也已被证明是可靠和经济的运输替代方案。宇通出品的一批110辆公交车已于2016年成功运抵欧洲东南部保加利亚首都索非亚，并被认为是最节约成本、经济、安全和舒适的车辆。另据客户体验调查，宇通客车的性价比最高。
几十年的发展使中国备受雾霾、污水和土壤污染的困扰，因而中国竭尽全力通过发起一系列抗击环境退化和保护环境的运动来实现“美丽中国”和“生态文明”。现在中国为全球驾车者提供了更加绿色的未来，这证明环境挑战不是问题，而是机遇。
◆Passage B◆
汽车安全新技术
在城市里，经常发生车门打开，与行进的车辆和行人相撞而导致的事故。如果对可能发生的撞击产生反应的门能普遍使用，这些事故将成为历史。来自宝马的Michael Graf和慕尼黑工业大学的Michael Strolz小组的创意，他们声称运用“触觉感知技术”的——即给出触觉反馈的技术——门能将马路伤害及相关的维护资金大幅减少。
当前的样品门表面看上去像一个普通的车门，但自其中心贯穿了一个金属钢条与车身轴部之间的框架相连。在正常模式下，钢条可自如运动，不会影响到车门的开合。但是，如果加速器感应到开门企图的同时，感应器探测到附近有障碍物，门的转动就会受到连接到钢管的线性马达的限制。为了将更多的信息传递给用户，门的阻力大小是和障碍物的距离成正比的。
Strolz说，当前的样品使用超声波探测器探测危险，但是因为其视角有限，下一版的设计将会使有效范围达180度的摄像头。“到那时，我们就能感应整个门的活动距离范围内的障碍物，探测到走过门的行人或者骑车靠近的人”。16位志愿者在慕尼黑研究中心试用了新型车门，他们给出的反馈非常令人鼓舞。
该技术已足够成熟，因而汽车工厂可以在一年之内将其安装到车上，Strolz说。其基本原理就如已经在某些车上凸显出的技术——例如，安装了自动乘客门的出租车。但是，宝马尚未决定是否推出这项技术。
英国伯明翰事故预防皇家协会的安全专家Duncan Verno说道：“这一类感应器的使用正开始使得车辆能和驾驶员一样具备观察能力。”他继续谈道：“越来越多的技术致力于研究预防事故的主动安全技术而不是诸如气囊、安全带等在事故发生后降低影响的传统被动安全措施。”诸如停车感应和盲区感应之类的例子已经出现在市场，然而更多更高级的系统还在研发的过程中。
据高速公路保险机构的Russ Rader所说，正如我们所看到的，在过去几十年间，汽车安全技术的重点发生了变化，从被动安全技术转变为我们所知道的主动技术。“过去，安全技术旨在保护撞击事故中的人”Rader说，“现在安全技术旨在预防事故的发生。”