1.2　Conception of Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for one in seven deaths globally.Progress has been made in treating tumor, but a significant proportion of patients still die despite treatment, indicating that new, more effective targets for tumor therapy are needed.According to the definition of National Cancer Institute (USA), immunotherapy is any “treatment to boost or restore the ability of the immune system to fight cancer, infections, and other diseases”.Although tumor progression involves a wide variety of methods to overcome host immunity, tumor immunotherapy can potentially revive the patient’s suppressed immune system, ideally resulting in the eradication of the disease.By re-awakening and enhancing the immune system to fight tumor,such strategies have achieved impressive clinical responses.A range of tumor immunotherapy approaches have proven effective in many patients, including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockers, cancer vaccines and cell-based therapies [1].(https://www.daowen.com)