4.4　Other Monoclonal Antibody

Since the initial description of the production of mAbs using hybridoma technology by Köhler and Milstein in 1975, significant advances have been made in the use of mAbs and their derivatives in clinical practice.The technology has enjoyed many advances.Antibody immunogenicity progressively decreased from mouse to chimeric humanized to fully human mAbs.Various structural modifications to improve led to improvement of specificity of the antibodies and their targeted and selective cytotoxicity.Targeting specific cellular targets has been successful in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, demonstrating significantly improved patient survival.Cutaneous lymphomas have also been successfully targeted with specific mAbs for B-cell or T-cell lymphomas and through nonspecific broad antitumor activity [26].(https://www.daowen.com)

mAbs and their derivatives can be grouped using various classifications.mAbs can be classified based on their respective targets or functions, such as direct tumor cell killers, checkpoint blockade inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modifiers, or immune primers, among others.Currently available mAbs also can be classified by their alteration in immunoglobulin scaffold and/or addition of a conjugate designed to enhance immune activation or trigger direct cell death.Agents conjugated to mAbs include immunotoxins (ITs),such as the diphtheria toxin (DT), radioisotopes (radio immunoconjugates, such as yttrium 90), or cytotoxic drugs (antibody-drug conjugates [ADC] such as auristatins).Most approved mAbs in clinical practice are unconjugated antibodies that exert antitumor effects through complement- or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) [27].