Chapter 5　Tumor Vaccine

Malignant tumors have become the first killer of human health, and the exploration of cancer treatment methods has become a major aspect.Due to the biological characteristics of the tumor itself, which is easy to invade, metastasize and relapse, the effects of traditional surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy are limited.The use of vaccines has become a new approach to cancer therapy.Cancer vaccines are designed to promote tumor specific immune responses,particularly cytotoxic CD8+T cells that are specific to tumor antigens [1].The earliest vaccines,which were developed in 1994-1995, tested non-mutated, shared tumor associated antigens that had been shown to be immunogenic and capable of inducing clinical responses in a minority of people with late stage cancer.Technological developments in the past few years have enabled the investigation of vaccines that target mutated antigens that are patient specific.Besides, tumor vaccine in combination with other therapies, such as surgery and ablation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can also induce antitumor immunity.(https://www.daowen.com)

This chapter will introduce and review the five types of tumor vaccine, including tumor cell vaccines, Dendritic Cell Vaccines, polypeptide vaccines, gene engineering vaccines and antibody tumor vaccine.And we explore the latest advances of cancer vaccines in clinical research to provide future directions for the better development of cancer vaccine.