PartⅣ Supplementary Practices
Practice 3.1 Terminology
Choose the best for each of the following.
1.In a human,there are three organs that mostly take care of________,or ridding the body of substances it doesn't need：lungs,kidneys,and skin.
A.laxation B.recharge C.emission D.excretion
2.________tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body,and also form many glands.
A.Epithelial B.Connective C.Muscular D.Nervous
3.Finding a________bone marrow match is difficult for many patients.
A.agreeable B.compatible C.feasible D.mixable
4.________is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity of female mammals in which the fertilized egg implants and develops.
A.Ureter B.Urethra C.Uterus D.Bladder
5.Your kidneys naturally balance the amount of sodium stored in your body for_________health.
A.optimal B.favorable C.obtainable D.measurable
6.Homeostasis is not a rigid,fixed state but a________steady state.
A.energetic B.active C.dynamic D.forceful
7.Compensatory enlargement of the heart may be________,as occurs in athletes.
A.pathological B.psychological C.social D.physiologic
8.________disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
A.Gastrointestinal B.Cardiovascular C.Musculoskeletal D.Integumentary
9.Blindness is the condition of poor visual________.
A.perception B.awareness C.consciousness D.insight
10.Regular exercise,including brisk walking,is associated with a decrease in the________of breast cancer.
A.indication B.accident C.morbidity D.incidence
11.Nocturnal epilepsy is a seizure disorder in which seizures occur only while________.
A.walking B.working C.sleeping D.resting
12.________drugs are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia,or surgical anesthesia.
A.Stimulant B.Hypnotic C.Antioxidant D.Nutraceutical
13.Various physical_________approaches may be used to promote recovery of function and mobility after stroke.
A.rehabilitation B.accommodation C.compensation D.habitation
14.Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the________system.A.immune B.endocrine C.musculoskeletal D.reproductive
15.The elimination of fecal waste through the anus is called________.
A.urination B.defecation C.secretion D.excretion
16.Muscle________involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through an increase in the size of its component cells.
A.hyperopia B.hypertension C.hyperactivity D.hypertrophy
17.When choosing a drug therapy,doctors must consider both the________and potency of a drug.
A.efficiency B.strength C.efficacy D.virtue
18.In medicine,an acute disease is a disease with a rapid________and/or a short course.(https://www.daowen.com)
A.breakdown B.origination C.initiation D.onset
19.Lactose________is the inability of adults to digest lactose,a sugar found in milk and to a lesser extent dairy products,causing unpleasant side effects.
A.sensitivity B.intolerance
C.allergy D.susceptibility
20.Thousands of people were hospitalized because of the effect of________to toxic gases.
A.exposure B.disclosure C.revelation D.vulnerability
Practice 3.2 Translation
Translate the following into English,using the stock phrase given.
1.At one end of the spectrum...At the other/opposite end，...在（一个范围的）一端……在另一端……（P037L2）
压力包罗万象。一端是良性压力（eustress）带给我们的巨大益处。另一端则是引起各种健康问题的诸多苦恼（distress）。
2.work together to cause...共同作用以引起……（P037L8）
人体的多个不同系统通过共同作用引起肌肉收缩和人体运动。
3.A and B are remarkably similar in...在……方面非常相识（P038L20）
中心粒、纤毛、鞭毛和基体在其结构元素和安排上非常相似。
4.be classified according_ to...（into...categories/types）根据……___进行划分类型（P038L24）
生物体可根据其生命方式分别划分为植物、动物及原生生物。
5.be often referred to as...通常被称为……（P038L31）
这种溶质通常被称为示踪剂（tracer）。
6.The term...refers to...……指的是……（P039L47）
新陈代谢指的是能引起生长发育、修复、能量释放、食物利用和物质分泌的各类细胞的功能活动。
7.Changes in...adversely affect...……的变化对……造成不好的影响。（P039L63）
他的行为改变已经损害了他的健康和社会活动能力。
8.be called into play to do sth.……发挥……作用（P040L92）
吉姆不得不发挥他所有的技巧来击败他的网球对手。
9.the major goal in/of...is to do sth.……的主要目的是……（P040L97）
本研究目的是探讨多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome）妇女血清瘦素（leptin）水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。
10....has/have been the topic of much research...……成为众多研究的话题。（P044L14）
胆道疾病的诊断延误成为众多科学研究的话题。
11.Several empirical studies have revealed...几例实证研究表明……（P045L24）
几例实证研究表明在母亲抑郁症与不稳定的亲子关系间存在重要的关联。
12.As described earlier，...如之前所描述……（P046L83）
如之前所描述，某些脑部区域决定了疼痛的位置与引发疼痛原因。
13.There is no consensus on...在……方面无共识（P046L90）
专家们认为目前对转基因食品的安全性没达成共识。
14....vary substantially，ranging from...to...……大不相同，从……到……（P047L98）
现代人饮食大不相同，从蛋白含量极低到很高都有。