PartⅣ Supplementary Practices
Practice 6.1 Terminology
Choose the best for each of the following.
1.The combining form histo-as in histology means________.
A.tissue B.history C.cell D.skin
2.The prefix hyper-as in hypertension means________.
A.below B.above C.around D.inside
3.The suffix-plasia in neoplasia means________.
A.vessel B.plastic C.body D.growth
4.All cancer may behave differently from each other,but the basic_________of cancer development may be similar in many cases.
A.methodology B.measurement C.mechanic D.mechanism
5.A（n)_________is a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs.
A.immunologist B.pathologist
C.haematologist D.oncologist
6.On leaving the hospital,the patient felt almost too weak to walk,but he soon overcame this________.
A.deformity B.extremity C.infirmity D.uniformity
7.One of the very important________of the personality of a person is his immediate family.Families influence the behavior of a person especially in the early stages.
A.recipients B.ingredients C.components D.determinants
8.Not all Americans have good________to health care that enables them to benefit fully from the Nation's health care system.
A.process B.recess C.success D.access
9.Some of the rats that had been treated during infancy were observed for nearly a year after the________of treatment.
A.sensation B.cessation C.acceleration D.dislocation
10.The nervous system is vulnerable to various_________and can be damaged by trauma,infections,degeneration,structural defects,tumors,and blood flow disruption.
A.disorders B.disabilities C.distractions D.distresses
11.Cancer progresses through a series of histopathological stages.Progression is thought to be driven by the accumulation of genetic_________and consequently gene expression pattern changes.
A.initiations B.associations C.alterations D.generations
12.An________of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium,which can cause overcalcification of the bones,soft tissues,heart and kidneys.
A.excuse B.excision C.exit D.excess
13.The boy was admitted in our hospital with the chief________of anemia,edema,and cardiac distress.
A.reports B.complaints C.records D.inquiries
14._________or tiredness is the most common side effect or unwanted change in your body reported by patients on chemotherapy treatment.
A.Fracture B.Fatigue C.Relaxation D.Relieve
15.To minimize the________effects of the drug,doses should be lowered.
A.adverse B.reverse C.diverse D.transverse
16.In case of________asthma,attacks are more frequent during spring and summer,whereas those in chronic asthma are worse during winter.(https://www.daowen.com)
A.chronic B.episodic C.periodic D.synchronic
17.Suspicious smaller lesions need_________for cancer staging,as X-ray alone remains insufficient.
A.autonomy B.anatomy C.biopsy D.autopsy
18.A blood________is usually obtained by venipuncture for laboratory analysis using aseptic technique.
A.spectrum B.specificity C.specialty D.specimen
19.Efforts have been made to ensure that most people are able to________the medical insurance they desperately need.
A.discord B.concord C.accord D.afford
20.Patients should always be set as top________.
A.priority B.majority C.minority D.superiority
Practice 6.2 Translation
Translate the following into English,using the stock phrase given.
1....is the scientific study of...……是对……的科学研究（P091L1）
社会心理学是对人们在社会情境中的思维、感情和行为方式的科学研究。
2.live a/an...life过……生活（P092L15）
过去的一年我们接触了很多极简主义者（minimalists），他们过着极其简单的生活。
3.have been defined as...被定义为……（P092L21）
成瘾被定义为对一种精神活性物质的依赖和滥用。
4.be acquired later in life长大后获得（P092L36）
免疫缺陷可以长大后获得（继发性免疫缺陷）。最常见的获得性免疫缺陷是艾滋病。
5.remain largely uncertain.很大程度上仍然不确定/存在诸多疑问（P093L49）
骨髓增生异常综合征（myelodysplastic syndrome，MDS）的发病机制迄今尚未完全探明，该病的诊断、分型及治疗等方面仍存在诸多疑问。
6.be obtained through the use of...借助……获得（P093L56）
基因修饰生物（genetically modified organism，GMO）亦称转基因生物，指任何拥有通过使用现代生物技术所获得的、进行重组后的遗传物质。
7.be aimed at sth./doing sth....旨在……/……的目的是（P093L76）
在该研究中，我们旨在研究这种药物的抗菌活性。
8.have the opportunity to do sth.有机会……（P098L1）
如果你定期做体检，医生就有机会在你发生心肌梗死之前发现并治疗心脏病。
9.It should go without saying that...不说自明/不言而喻（P098L4）
不言而喻，医生、护士以及医院的其他工作人员应该对大多数传染病获得免疫。
10.The first step in...is to do sth.做……的第一步是……（P099L37）
认知的第一步是接触外部世界的物体，这属于感知阶段。
11.take no small measure of courage需要超常的勇气（P100L59）
任何人要对已经确立的科学理论和原理提出挑战，需要超常的勇气。