Esophagus (C15)
In 2016, esophageal cancer cases accounted for 12.92% of all cancer cases in Henan cancer registration areas with the crude incidence of 34.66/105, ASR China 26.34/105 and ASR World 26.71/105.The incidence in males was 42.32/105, and 26.53/105 in females.It was 1.83 times in males as high as that in females and it was 1.49 times in rural areas as that in urban areas.The crude mortality of esophageal cancer in 2016 was 24.31/105, ASR China was 18.12/105 and ASR World was 18.15/105.The mortality in males was 29.58/105, and 18.7/105 in females.The cumulative rates of incidence and mortality from 0 to 74 years old were 3.42% and 2.08%, respectively.(Table 5-3)
表5-3 河南省肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤发病与死亡
食管恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率和死亡率在0~44 岁年龄段处于较低水平，45 岁以后快速上升，在80 岁达到高峰，男性高于女性。城乡和不同地区年龄别率的水平虽然有一定的差异，但总体趋势类同。（图5-3a ～图5-3f）
The age-specific incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer were relatively low before 45 years old and increased dramatically since 45 years old, reaching the peak at the age group of 80.Incidence and mortality rates in males were generally higher than those in females.The age-specific incidence and mortality rates varied in urban and rural areas with similar curves.(Figure 5-3a~figure 5-3f)
图5-3a 河南省肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率，2016
图5-3d 河南省肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率，2016
图5-3b 城市肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率，2016
图5-3e 城市肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率，2016
图5-3c 农村肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率，2016
图5-3f 农村肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率，2016(https://www.daowen.com)
在8 个城市肿瘤登记地区中，男性食管恶性肿瘤标化发病率最高的是南阳市卧龙区（45.64/10万），其次是鹤壁市和濮阳市华龙区；女性发病率最高的是鹤壁市（41/10 万），其次是南阳市卧龙区和濮阳市华龙区。男性标化死亡率最高的是鹤壁市（39.28/10 万），女性死亡率最高的是鹤壁市（26.48/10 万）。（图5-3g）
Among the 8 urban cancer registration areas,the ASR China incidence rate of esophageal cancer in males was the highest in Wolong District of Nanyang City(45.64/105), followed by Hebi City and Hualong District of Puyang City.In females, it was the highest in Hebi City (41/105), followed by Wolong District of Nanyang City and Hualong District of Puyang City.The ASR China mortality was the highest in Hebi City for both males (39.28/105) and females (26.48/105).(Figure 5-3g)
图5-3g 城市肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤发病率与死亡率
在27 个农村肿瘤登记地区中，男性食管恶性肿瘤标化发病率最高的是嵩县（84.47/10 万），其次是洛宁县和辉县市；女性发病率最高的是洛宁县（45.21/10 万），其次是林州市和辉县市。男性标化死亡率最高的是嵩县（67.48/10 万），女性死亡率最高的是洛宁县（34.78/10 万）。（图5-3h）
Among the 27 rural cancer registration areas,the ASR China incidence rate of esophageal cancer in males was the highest in Song County (84.47/105),followed by Luoning County and Huixian City.For females, it was the highest in Luoning County(45.21/105), followed by Linzhou City and Huixian City.The ASR China mortality was the highest in Song County for males (67.48/105) and Luoning City for females (34.78/105).(Figure 5-3h)
图5-3h 农村肿瘤登记地区食管恶性肿瘤发病率与死亡率
2016 年肿瘤登记地区食管癌发病病例中有确切解剖学亚部位（C15.0-C15.5，C15.8）信息的占55.0%，亚部位未特指（C15.9）的占45.0%。在有亚部位的食管癌病例中，颈部食管癌（C15.0）占10.1%，胸部食管癌（C15.1）占9.1%，腹部食管癌（C15.2）占3.5%，食管上三分之一（C15.3）的占22.0%，食管中三分之一（C15.4）的占36.9%，食管下三分之一（C15.5）的占15.1%，食管交搭跨越（C15.8）的占3.3%。（图5-3i）
Among all the reported esophageal cancer cases in 2016, 55% had specific anatomic site information(C15.0-C15.5, C15.8) and the rest 45% didn't have.The specific anatomic sites of esophageal cancer included neck (C15.0) (10.1%), chest (C15.1) (9.1%),stomach (C15.2) (3.5%), upper esophagus (C15.3)(22.0%), middle esophagus (C15.4) (36.9%), lower esophagus (C15.5) (15.1%) and the overlapping part(C15.8) (3.3%).(Figure 5-3i)
图5-3i 河南省食管癌发病亚部位构成（%）
2016 年肿瘤登记地区食管癌发病病例中有明确组织病理学分型的占74.6%，组织学类型未特指的占25.4%。在有组织病理学分型的食管癌病例中，鳞状细胞癌占86.5%，腺癌占10.4%，腺鳞癌占0.9%，其他类型的食管癌占2.2%。（图5-3j）
Among all cases, 74.6% of them had specific pathological diagnostic information and the rest 25.4% of them didn't have.Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 86.5% of the cases with specific pathological diagnostic information, adenocarcinoma accounted for 10.4%, adenosquamous carcinoma for 0.9% and other pathological type for 2.2%.(Figure 5-3j)
图5-3j 河南省食管癌发病形态学构成（%）