C　Ⅱ

When World War Ⅱ broke out，Canada declared war on Germany a week after Britain did.Most Canadians，including French⁃speaking Canadians，supported the war partly because they thought that Canada’s contribution would largely be material.In addition，the government promised that it would not resort to conscription.In late 1939，the Royal Canadian Air Force began to administer the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan in Canada;the program produced 130，000 pilots altogether who were crucial in winning the war.

The Canadian government adopted a policy of total war after the fall of France in June 1940.It took over taxation from the provinces and imposed sweeping controls over prices and wages.Tremendous efforts were made to produce war materials and industry expanded at tremendous speed.Before the United States declared war in December 1941，Canada was the major arsenal and supply base for the Allies.In 1942，a plebiscite released the government from its earlier promise not to use conscription.In 1944，pressed by the English⁃speaking population，the government sent 16，000 conscripted troops to reinforce the volunteers already serving in overseas service.Altogether，more than a million Canadians，or one twelfth of the total Canadian population，served in the army，and 40，000 were killed in action.

Canada emerged from the war a stronger nation than before.Its military power grew dramatically;the Canadian army increased from 4，000 to 700，000，the navy expanded from 17 ships and 3，000 troops to 900 ships and a force of over 100，000，and the air force grew from 4，000 to 200，000 men.The economy also developed quickly during the war;gross national product doubled and consumer spending rose by 40％despite wartime shortages.Most of the money the government spent during the war was spent at home，which created new industries important for future economic development.The country as a whole remained united although the conscription issue alienated many French⁃speaking Canadians.With regard to social policy，the government implemented the unemployment insurance policy and introduced the Family Allowance Act during the war period.Because of all these，the country became more confident as an independent country.