A　Ⅰ

During World WarⅠ，Canada mobilized an armed force of over 600，000 out of a population still under 8 million.The Canadians were organized into a distinct Canadian Corps commanded by Canadian officers.They fought bravely and suffered heavy casualties.About 60，000 died in action and more than 200，000 were wounded.Canada’s contribution to the war effort greatly helped to promote Canada’s autonomy.At the end of the war，Canada signed the Treaty of Versailles as a separate nation independent of Britain.From then on，it began to play a role in the formation of imperial policies.In 1921，Canada successfully opposed the Anglo⁃Japanese alliance which was favored by other Commonwealth nations.In 1927，Canada asserted its diplomatic independence by establishing diplomatic relations with the United States.

In 1931，the British Parliament passed the Statue of Westminster which gave complete autonomy to the dominions.Canada became an independent sovereign state in both domestic and international affairs，although it still shared a monarch with Britain and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of Britain remained the final court of appeal within the Commonwealth.Britain also retained the right to amend the Canadian constitution，because the British North America Act which founded the Confederation of Canada had been legislated by the British Parliament.

World WarⅠalso promoted economic development and social changes.The extraordinary demand for food and other resources from European allies caused a great increase in agricultural and industrial production in Canada.By the end of the war，Canada had become a major industrial country.

Because of the great need for manpower during the war，women were called into national service.As a result，women not only served in the army as nurses and worked in factories to make up for the shortage of manpower，but also made contribution through various voluntary organizations such as the Red Cross and the Young Women’s Christian Association.In large part because of their contributions，women were granted the right to vote after the war.

After a phase of postwar adjustment，Canadians enjoyed a period of economic development.By the end of the 1920s，Canada was the largest exporter of wheat in the world.It was also the world’s leading exporter of newsprint due to the abundance of softwood timber in northern Canada.In addition，Canada accounted for 90％ of the world’s nickel production.Oil and natural gas were also discovered south of the western city of Calgary which would make the country a major energy producer.The automobile industry also developed，although most of the factories were controlled by the three main U.S.auto companies.By the end of the 1920s，Canada had 1.2 million vehicles running on 75，000 miles of roads.