1.5 Research Status of the Preservation and Develo...
In the West, historic personality’s residence is often included in the research filed of house museum, historic house.Sherry Butcher-Younghans (1993) in her book Historic House Museums introduced methods for the preservation and management of historic house museums, such as how to govern them, how to maintain the interior and exterior of the house, how to interpret the historic house, etc.Helen Lloyd and Tim Mullany (1994) in their paper The Impact of Overvisiting: Methods of Assessing the Sustainable Capacity of Historic Houses explained both qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing visitor damage.Marion Wohlleben, Hans-Rudolf Meier (2002) in their book Nachhaltigkeit und Denkmalpflege.Beiträge Zu Einer Kultur Der Umsicht pointed that cultural sustainability is an integral part of urban planning.The preservation of historic buildings is a cultural and memorial work, but also a sustainable action, because it is not reproducible.It is also important that material and spiritual resources of this type should be preserved for future generations.Sustainable development may contribute to historic preservation, because it contains a long-lasting commitment to preserve and transmits the complex and sensitive cultural assets with sustainable experience and technique, which makes them suitable for contemporary and future society.Jessica Foy Donnelly (2002) in her book Interpreting Historic House Museums explained why and how to interpret the historic house.Hans-Rudolf Meier and Jürg Sulzer (2008) in their book Stadt und Denkmal: Erforschen Vermitteln Gestalten advocated that the city is marked by a materialization of monuments.They explored the historical situation and documentation of the current inventory, communicated the findings of the public and suggested methods to promote identification within the city of its monuments.Additionally, they recommended a policy of conscious design of new infrastructure in historic towns and buildings, and the integration of the new usage of heritage into contemporary life.Meghan D.Feran Kleon (2009) in his thesis Towards a Culture of Sustainable Preservation: Sustainable Design, Historic Preservation, and Cultures of Building explored the culture of sustainable design and of historic preservation in order to provide a united viewpoint for practitioners in both fields into the culture of the other, and ultimately to propose a path towards developing shared cultural understandings by placing a new emphasis in both fields within a policy of social sustainability.Norman Tyler, Ted J.Ligibe, Iiene R.Tyler (2009) in their book Historic Preservation introduced the legal basis, intervention approaches, technology, economics of preservation, and relationship between preservation and sustainability.Susan R.Orr (2010) in her thesis Historic House Museum Sustainability in the 21st Century: Paths to Preservation explored the sustainability of a historic house museum, and suggested solutions that can be utilized to make large numbers of house museums sustainable in a meaningful way.Amira Elnokaly1 and Ahmed Elseragy (2013) in their article Sustainable Heritage Development: Learning from Urban Conservation of Heritage Projects in Non-Western Contexts proved that conservation is an evolutionary process which respects the continuity of history and tradition, the needs of inhabitants and their cultural aspirations.They believe that to maintain sustainability of the revitalization and conservation, the essential qualities of the historic areas and of the community life should be maintained, while adapting the physical structures.Alex Opoku (2015) in his article The Role of Culture in a Sustainable Built Environment introduced relationship between the concept of culture, sustainable development and the built environment, and emphasized the key role that culture has played in the concept of sustainable development.Soheir M.Hegazy (2015) in article Cultural Sustainability between Traditional and Contemporary Omani Residences - A Comparative Case Study discussed the cultural sustainability between traditional and contemporary residences.Izabela Luiza Pop, Anca Borza, Anut, Buiga, Diana Ighian and Rita Toader (2019) in their article Achieving Cultural Sustainability in Museums: A Step Toward Sustainable Development conducted an empirical study regarding cultural sustainability in museums by developing several econometric models.
In China, research efforts involving the memorial residences of historic personalities have begun to multiply in recent years.Before the year 2000, the books and papers published concerning memorial residences mainly introduced sites for the guidance of tourists.With more attention focusing on historical residences, the number of papers, books and relevant academic conferences have grown rapidly.In the Chinese official journal search site China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to now, there are 5912 papers published concerning historic architecture.Among them, only 901 papers focus on historic personalities’ former residence, and the papers about the preservation and sustainable development of these former residences only number 27.Wang Qiquan (2000) in the journal Zhejiang Art ＆ Crafts analyzed the relationship between memorial residences and urban construction.Shu Yi (2003) in Beijing Observation advocated an emphasis on the protection and exploitation of the historic personalities’ memorial residences.Zhou Zhenyu et al.(2003) in Architectural Journal analyzed the historic personalities’ residences in Hangzhou, and proposed strategies of protection and utilization.Kuang Guoliang (2006) in China Cultural Heritage showed the memorial residences’ status through an investigation of the notable residences in Beijing.Cheng Zhifen et al.(2006) in Journal of Beijing Union University put forward methods about memorial residences’ conservation and utilization: flexible utilized patterns; Comprehensive and multi-channel financing; The creation of specialized agencies, how to establish a clear management approach.Zhang Mingqing et al.(2007) in Journal of Capital Normal University emphasized the development of the memorial residences tourism by analyzing the renowned residences in Shi Chahai area of Beijing.Qin Hongling (2011) in Huazhong Architecture journal claimed three principles for protecting and making good use of the historic personalities’ former residences: Urban planning should be conducive towards any former residences; authenticity; an integrity protection principle.Dong Xiaofeng et al.(2014) in Chinese Landscape Architecture has indicated the principle of the ecological culture theory of the former residence.Yan Hongfeng et al (2015) in Guangming Daily discussed the utilization of this heritage to considered if it is appropriate to use the historic personalities’ residence for commercial purposes.In terms of conferences, the profession committee was established in 2006, and organized regularly seminars to discuss the strategy and methods concerning how we may conserve and develop memorial residences positively, and publish conference proceedings.The book Protection and Development: Proceedings of historical personalities’ residences committee 2006 Annual Conference in Fuzhou is a typical proceeding publication which has collected the articles of related experts.Additionally, architectural universities carry out specialized research on this topic.
In summary, there are numerous papers and books related to the preservation and development methods in the field of the memorial residences of historic personalities.However, specific research on the preservation and sustainable development of these memorial residences under the impact of urbanization is lacking.In published works about research on historic personalities’ residences in Jinan, although numerous people have discussed the poor preservation and utilization situation, up to the period of research, there were only 6 papers that discussed this issue.Wang Songsong (2014) in China Culture Daily surveyed the protection status of the historic personalities’ memorial residences in Jinan.Liu Xiaoyi (2014)’s conference paper in 5thAnnual Academic Conference of the City Museum Professional Committee analyzed the display design of Lao She house in Jinan.Xuan Jin (2015) in Chinese Cultural Heritage analyzed the preservation and revitalization of the historic personalities’ former residences under the context of urbanization in Jinan, and emphasized the significant of sustainable development strategy for these memorial residence preservation and utilization.Xu Mei (2015) in China Tourism Daily analyzed the problems faced by the former residence of Jinan personalities as tourism resources.The Master's Thesis of Zhang Dongchen’s (2015) explored the ways to exploit the cultural tourism resources of Jinan historic personalities.Reporters Liu Qintao and Shi Kaixun (2016) in Jinan Daily introduced a conference held by Jinan Municipal Association to strengthen the protection of historic personalities’ former residences in Jinan.Although the authoritative published works concerning research into historic personalities’ residences in Jinan are very limited, the literature discussed has laid a solid foundation for further research.
According to the gaps of the previous research, this book will discuss historic personality’s residence step by step from the relationship between architectural heritage and the former residences of historical individuals, to the domestic and foreign architectural heritage policies, the protection and development policies of the historic personality’s residence in China and foreign countries, the status quo of these famous memorial residences in Jinan and their protection and sustainable development strategies (Fig.1-5).
Figure 1-5.The Research Steps and Their Relationships
Figure 1-6.Historical Stone Wall
【注释】
[1]United Nations, UN World Urbanization Prospects, 2018.
[2]Shan Jixiang, Urbanization and Cultural Heritage Protection, 2006, p8.
[3]Shan Jixiang, Urbanization and Cultural Heritage Protection, 2006, p13.
[4]Brundtland Commission, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987.
[5]United Nations, United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2000.(https://www.daowen.com)
[6]UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2001.
[7]Tylor, Edward, Primitive Culture: Research into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custum, 1871, p1.
[8]Australia ICOMOS, Burra Charter (revised version), 1999.
[9]Qiu fuke, the Dictionary of Chinese Cultural Heritage, 1991.
[10]Jinan City Chronicles Compilation Committee, Jinan City Record, Zhonghua Book Company Press, 1997, p4.
[11]Paul Ricoeur, Hermeneutics and Human Sciences, 1981, p93.
[12]Audi, Robert, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1999, p377.
[13]Paul Ricoeur, From text to action, 1991, p111.
[14]Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, 1975.
[15]Li Youguang, A comparison between Chinese and Western hermeneutics on meaning and understanding, 2007, 34 (6), p152.
[16]Schleiermacher, Hermeneutics and Criticism and Other Writings, ed.Andrew Bowie, 1998, p227.
[17]Gadamer, Truth and Method, 1975, p305.
[18]Ibid., p296.