注释
注释
树木闻起来像洗发水的味道
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2.S.H.Ambrose，“Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks，volcanic winter，and differentiation of modern humans，”Journal of Human Evolution 34，no.6（1998）：623-651，DOI：10.1006/jhev.1998.0219，PMID 9650103.
3.J.Hawks et al.，“Population Bottlenecks and Pleistocene Human Evolution，”Molecular Biology and Evolution 17，no.1（2000）：2-22，DOI：10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026233，PMID：10666702；C.S.Lane et al.，“Ash from the Toba supereruption in Lake Malawi shows no volcanic winter in East Africa at 75 ka，”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，April 2013，201301474，DOI：10.1073/pnas.1301474110.
4.R.Dawkins，The Ancestor's Tale：A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life（Boston：Houghton Mifflin，2004），416.
5.A.Zhuravlev and R.Riding，The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation（New York：Columbia University Press，2000）.
6.S.A.F.Darroch et al.，“Biotic replacement and mass extinction of the Ediacarabiota，”Proceedings of the Royal Society B，September 2015，DOI：10.1098/rspb.2015.1003.
7.A.Fleming，“On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium，with Special Reference to Their Use in the Isolation of B.influenza，”British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10（1929），226-236.
8.K.van Mensvoort，“Exploring Next Nature：Nature Changes Along With Us，”in Entry Paradise：New Design Worlds，ed.G.Seltman and W.Lippert（Basel and Boston：Birkhauser，2006）；M.Gerritzen et al.，Next Nature（Amsterdam：BIS Publishers，2005），ISBN-13：978-9063690939.
9.L.Gabora and A.Russon，“The Evolution of Human Intelligence，”in The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence，ed.R.Sternberg and S.Kaufman（Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，2011），328-350.
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11.P.Jansen et al.，“Wistful wilderness：Communication about‘new’nature in the Netherlands，”Journal of Environmental Policy ＆ Planning 19，no.2（2017），197-213，DOI：10.1080/1523908X.2016.1198254；T.Metz，Nieuwe natuur.Reportages over veranderend landschap（Amsterdam：Ambo，1998）；F.Vera，“Het Oostvaardersplassengebied：uniek oecologisch experiment，”Natuur en Milieu 79（1979），3-12.
12.F.Vera，“Het primitieve natuurbeeld，”in Rustig，ruig en rationeel.Filosofische debatten over de verhouding cultuur-natuur，ed.J.Keulartz（Baarn：Kasteel Groeneveld，2000），42-61.
13.M.Huygen，“Dit is vivisectie met grote grazers，”NRC，April 15，2018，https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/04/15/dit-is-vivisectie-met-grotegrazers-a1599532.
14.P.Hoste Smit，“Boswachters overgeplaatst om nieuw beleid Oostvaardersplassen：ze willen geen gezonde dieren afschieten，”De Volkskrant，December 7，2018.
15.M.Wark，“N is for Nature，”in Next Nature，ed.K.van Mensvoort et al.（Amsterdam：BIS Publishers，2005）.
16.T.Metz，Pret！Leisure en landschap（Rotterdam：NAi，2002）.
天堂之外
17.D.Koeppel，Banana：The Fate of the Fruit That Changed the World（New York：Plume，2007）.
18.J.G.Kublin et al.，“Complete attenuation of genetically engineered Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in human subjects，”Science Translational Medicine 9（2017），DOI：10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9099；D.Yamamoto et al.，“Flying vaccinator；a transgenic mosquito delivers a Leishmania vaccine via blood feeding，”Insect Molecular Biology 19，no.3（2010），DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01000.x.
19.A.Gehlen，Der Mensch.Seine Stellung in der Welt（Frankfurt：Klostermann，1966）；A.Gehlen，Man：His Nature and Place in the World（New York：Columbia University Press，1988）.
20.R.Deech and A.Smajdor，From IVF to Immortality：Controversy in the Era of Reproductive Technology（Oxford：Oxford University Press，2007）；R.Gosden，Designer Babies：The Brave New World of Reproductive Technology（New York：Freeman，2000）；R.M.Green，Babies by Design：The Ethics of Genetic Choice（New Haven：Yale University Press，2007）；P.Knoepfler，GMO Sapiens：The Life-Changing Science of Designer Babies（Singapore：World Scientific Publishing，2015）.
21.G.Kolata and P.Belluck，“Why Are Scientists So Upset About the First Crispr Babies？”The New York Times，December 5，2018.
22.C.Shepherd et al.，“Chinese scientist who gene-edited babies fired by university，”Reuters，January 21，2019，accessed on February 2，2019.
23.E.Regis，“Meet the Extropians，”Wired，October 1，1994，103-108，149，http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.10/extropians.html，accessed on March 1，2019.
24.R.Dworkin，Sovereign Virtue：The Theory and Practice of Equality（Cambridge，MA：Harvard University Press，2000）.
自然不完全等同于绿色产物
25.K.Kelly，Out of Control：The New Biology of Machines，Social Systems，and the Economic World（Reading，MA：Addison-Wesley，1994）.
26.O.Wilde，The Decay of Lying and Other Essays（London：Penguin，2010）.
27.T.Demos，“‘Real’investors eclipsed by fast trading，”Financial Times，April 24，2012，https://www.ft.com/content/da5d033c-8e1c-11el-bf8f-00144feab49a，accessed on August 15，2018.
28.F.Bacon，Meditationes sacrae（Londini：Excusum impensis Humfredi Hooper，1597）.
29.Marquis de Condorcet，On the future progress of the human mind，1794.In French：M.J.A.N.de Caritat，Marquis de Condorcet，Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progres de l'esprit humain（Paris：Masson et fils，1822）279-285，293-294，303-305.
30.J.C.Farman et al.，“Large Losses of Total Ozone in Antarctica Reveal Seasonal CIOx/NOx Interaction，”Nature 315（1985），207-210.
31.B123 DK，http://www.heraclitusfragments.com/B123/；D.W.Graham，“Does Nature Love to Hide？Heraclitus B123 DK，”Classical Philology 98，no.2（April 2003）：175-179；P.Hadot，The Veil of Isis：An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature（Cambridge，MA and London：Belknap Press of Harvard University Press，2008）.
欢迎来到科技圈
32.K.Kelly，What Technology Wants（London：Penguin，2011）.
33.P.T.de Chardin，“Hominization”（1922），reprinted in The Vision of the Past（London：Collins，1966）；V.Vernasky，The Biosphere，trans.D.Langmuir（New York：Springer，1998），originally published in Russian in 1926.
34.P.Sloterdijk，Sphären（Frankfurt：Suhrkamp Verlag，2004）.
35.P.Haff，“Technology as a geological phenomenon：implications for human wellbeing，”in A Stratigraphical Basis for the Anthropocene，Geological Society Special Publication 395（London：Geological Society，2013），301-309.
36.Flightradar 24.com（2018）；this website displays flight traffic in real time 24 hours a day.
37.J.Zalasiewicz et al.，“The technofossil record of humans，”The Anthropocene Review 1（2014），34-43.
38.J.Zerzan，Future Primitive and Other Essays（New York：Autonomedia，1994）；Y.N.Harari，Sapiens：A Brief History of Humankind（New York：HarperCollins，2015）.
39.E.Callaway，“Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history，”Nature，June 8，2017；R.Lewin，Human Evolution：An Illustrated Introduction，5th ed.（London：Blackwell，2005）.
40.W.A.Haviland et al.，Evolution and Prehistory：The Human Challenge，8th ed.（Belmont，CA：Thomson Wadsworth，2007），162.
科技金字塔
41.K.Kelly，What Technology Wants（London：Penguin，2011）.
42.A.H.Maslow，“A Theory of Human Motivation，”Psychological Review 50，no.4（1943），370-396.
43.K.van Mensvoort，Pyramid of Technology：How Technology Becomes Nature in Seven Steps（Eindhoven：Technische Universiteit Eindhoven，2014）；K.van Mensvoort and H.J.Grievink，Next Nature：Nature Changes Along With Us（Barcelona：Actar，2011）.
44.A.C.Clarke，“Extra-Terrestrial Relays：Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage？”Wireless World，October 1945，305-308.
45.M.Post，“Meet the New Meat，”talk at Next Nature Power Show，November 5，2011，Stadsschouwburg，Amsterdam，http://www.youtube.com/watch？v=V2oB38a6RTg.
46.D.W.J.van der Schaft et al.，“Mechanoregulation of Vascularization in Aligned Tissue-Engineered Muscle：A Role for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor，”Tissue engineering part A 17，nos.21-22（November 2011）：2857-2865，DOI：10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0214.
47.C.Paine，dir.，Who Killed the Electric Car？Plinyminor/Electric Entertainment/Papercut Films，2006.
48.D.A.Kirsch，The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History（New Brunswick，NJ：Rutgers University Press，2000），153-162.
49.M.Frondel and S.Lohmann，“The European Commission's light bulb decree：Another costly regulation？”Energy Policy 39，no.6（2011），3177-3181.
50.M.Weiser，“The Computer of the 21st Century，”Scientific American，September 1991，94-100.
51.L.C.Aiello and P.Wheeler，“The expensive-tissue hypothesis：The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution，”Current Anthropology 36，no.2（April 1995），199-221；http://www.jstor.org/stable/2744104.
52.R.Wrangham，Catching Fire：How Cooking Made Us Human（New York：Basic Books，2010）.
53.A.Gehlen（1988），Man：His Nature and Place in the World（New York：Columbia University Press（originally published as Der Mensch.Seine Stellung in der Welt（Frankfurt，1966）；J.de Mul，Kunstmatig van nature.Onderweg naar Homo sapiens 3.0（Rotterdam：Lemniscaat，2014）；H.Plessner，Die Stu fen des Organischen und der Mensch：Einleitung in die philosophische Anthropologie（Berlin：Walter de Gruyter，1975）（orig.ed.1928）.
54.H.Mihaly，“From NASA to EU：The Evolution of the TRL Scale in Public Sector Innovation，”The Innovation Journal，22（2017），1-23.
55.K.Kelly，What Technology Wants（New York：Viking，2010）.
56.J.Zerzan（1994），Future Primitive and Other Essays（New York：Autonomedia，1994）；A.C.Clarke，Profiles of the Future：An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible（London：Popular Library，1973）；ISBN 9780330236195.
优势种
57.J.Myers，“How do the world's biggest companies compare to the biggest economies？”（2016），https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/corporations-not-countries-dominate-the-list-of-the-world-s-biggesteconomic-entities，accessed on June 1，2017；CIA World Factbook（2016），https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/download/download-2016，accessed on March 2，2019；World Fact book（2016），https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html，accessed on May 1，2017；Statistica（2016），https://www.statista.com/statistics/555334/total-revenue-of-walmart-worldwide/，accessed on August 8，2018.
58.R.Foster，“Creative Destruction Whips Through Corporate America，”Innosight Executive Briefing Winter 2012；S.Anthony et al.，“2018 Corporate Longevity Forecast：Creative Destruction Is Accelerating，”Innosight（2018）.
59.M.Achbar et al.，The Corporation：A Documentary（Vancouver：Big Picture Media Corporation and Filmwest Associates，2003），https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0379225.
60.J.Bakan，The Corporation：The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power，2005 ed.（New York：Free Press，2003）.
61.N.Rich and G.Steinmetz，“Losing Earth：The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change，”The New York Times，August 1，2018.
62.C.Darwin，On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection，or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life（London：John Murray，1859）.
63.R.Dawkins，The Selfish Gene（Oxford：Oxford University Press，1976）.(https://www.daowen.com)
64.Ibid.
塑料星球
65.M.Eriksen et al.，“Plastic pollution in the world's oceans：More than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250，000 tons afloat at sea，”PLOS ONE 9，no 12（2014），e111913.
66.Ibid.
67.L.Jeftic et al.Marine Litter：A Global Challenge（New York：UNEP，2009）.
68.C.Wilcox et al.，“Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global，pervasive，and increasing，”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112，no.38（2015），11899-11904.
人类世大爆发
69.C.Levis et al.，“Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition，”Science，March 2017.
70.D.S.Webb，“The Great American Biotic Interchange：Patterns and Processes，”Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 93（2006），245-257.
71.A.D.Barnosky et al.，“Has the Earth's Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived？”Nature 471（2011），515-517.
72.Z.-Q.Chen and M.J.Benton，“The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction，”Nature Geoscience 5（2012），375-383.
73.S.C.Morris and J.-B.Caron，“Pikaia gracilens Walcott，a stemgroup chordate from the Middle Cambrian of British Colombia，”Biological Reviews 87（2012），480-512.
74.A.Guy and K.van Mensvoort，“The Anthropocene Explosion，”in Welcome to the Anthropocene：The Earth in Our Hands，ed.N.Mollers et al.（Munich：Deutsches Museum，2015）.
75.M.B.Brown，“Natural selection and age-related variation in morphology of a colonial bird，”ETD collection for University of Nebraska，Lincoln，Paper AAI3449889，2011，http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3449889；E.C.Snell-Rood and N.Wick，“Anthropogenic environments exert variable selection on cranial capacity in mammals，”Proceedings of the Royal Society B：Biological Sciences 280，no.1769（2013）；DOI：10.1098/rspb.2013.1384；E.Nemeth et al.，“Bird song and anthropogenic noise：vocal constraints may explain why birds sing higher-frequency songs in cities，”Proceedings of the Royal Society B：Biological Sciences 280，no.1754（2013），DOI：10.1098/rspb.2012.2798.
76.Z.A.Doubleday，et al.，“Global proliferation of cephalopods，”Current Biology 26，no.10（2016），R406-R407.
77.Micronutrient Initiative，Investing in the Future：A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies：Global Report 2009（Ottawa：The Micronutrient Initiative，2009）.
78.P.Agre，et al.，“Laureates Letter Supporting Precision Agriculture（GMOs）”（2016），http://supportprecisionagriculture.org/nobel-laureategmo-letter_rjr.html，accessed on December 30，2017.
79.S.Brand，Whole Earth Discipline：Why Dense Cities，Nuclear Power，Transgenic Crops，Restored Wildlands，and Geoengineering Are Necessary（New York：Penguin，2010）.
80.T.Demos，“‘Real’investors eclipsed by fast trading，”Financial Times，April 24，2012，https://www.ft.com/content/da5d033c-8e1c-1lel-bf8f-00144feab49a，accessed on August 15，2018；D.Harwell，“A down day on the markets？Analysts say blame the machines，”The Washington Post，February 6，2018；O.Kaya，“High-frequency trading：Reaching the limits.”Deutsche Bank Research 24（2016）.
进化之进化
81.C.Darwin，On the origin of species by means of natural selection，or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life（London：John Murray，1859）.
82.J.D.Watson and F.H.Crick，“Molecular Structure Of Nucleic Acids，”Nature 171（4356）（1953），737-738.
83.R.Dawkins，The Selfish Gene（Oxford：Oxford University Press，1976）.
84.J.Maynard Smith and E.Szathmary，The Major Transitions in Evolution（Oxford：Oxford University Press，1995）.
85.H.Gest，“The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek，fellows of the Royal Society，”Notes and Records of the Royal Society 58：2（2004），187-201；R.Hooke，“Micrographia；or some physiological sescriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses，with observations and inquiries thereupon，”Thirty-eight plates，folio（London：J.Martyn and J.Allestry，1665）.
86.T.Schwann，Mikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachsthum der Thiere und Pflanzen（Berlin：Sander，1839）.
87.G.A.J.M.Jagers op Akkerhuis，“The operator hierarchy，a chain of closures linking matter life and artificial intelligence，”Ph.D.thesis，Radboud University（2010）.
88.D.E.Koshland，Jr.，“The Seven Pillars of Life，”Science 295：5563（2002）：2215-2216，DOI：10.1126/science.1068489，PMID 11910092.
89.S.Blackmore，The Meme Machine（Oxford：Oxford University Press，1999）.
90.J.Gill，“Memes and narrative analysis：A potential direction for the development of neo-Darwinian orientated research in organisations，”Euram 11：Proceedings of the European Academy of Management（European Academy of Management，2011）.
91.A.McNamara，“Gan we measure memes？”Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience 3（2011），DOI：10.3389/fnevo.2011.00001.
92.N.Bostrom，Superintelligence：Paths，Dangers，Strategies（Oxford：Oxford University Press，2014）；R.Cellan-Jones，“Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind，”BBC News（2014），https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-30290540.
封装人类
93.Y.N.Harari，Homo Deus：A Brief History of Tomorrow（New York：Vintage，2016）.
94.G.Nobis，“Der älteste Haushund lebte voor 14.000 Jahren，”Umschau 79（1979），610.
95.L.A.F.Frantz，et al.，“Genomic and archaeological evidence suggests a dual origin of domestic dogs.”Science online，June 2，2016.
96.S.Coren，Do Dogs Dream？Nearly Everything Your Dog Wants You to Know（New York：W.W.Norton ＆ Co.，2012）.
97.M.Vella，“Universal basic income：A utopian idea whose time may finally have arrived，”Time，April 2017，http://time.com/4737956/universal-basic-income.
98.B.Holmes“How many uncontacted tribes are left in the world？”New Scientist，August 22，2013，https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24090-how-many-uncontacted-tribes-are-left-in-the-world.
99.United Nations，State of the World's Indigenous Peoples，Department of Economic and Social Affairs（2009）.
蜂巢之战
100.D.Rushkoff，Team Human（New York：W.W.Norton ＆ Co.，2019）.
101.R.I.M.Dunbar，“Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates，”Journal of Human Evolution 22：6（1992）：469-493.
102.N.Nilekani and V.Shah，Rebooting India：Realizing a Billion Aspirations（New York：Penguin，2016）；J.Srinivasan and A.Johri，“Creating machine readable men：legitimizing the‘Aadhaar’mega e-infrastructure project in India，”Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development：Full Papers，vol.1（ACM，2013）.
103.R.Botsman，“Big data meets Big Brother as China moves to rate its citizens，”2017，http://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-socialcredit-score-privacy-invasion，accessed on December 12，2017.
104.C.Duhigg，“How Companies Learn Your Secrets，”The New York Times，February 16，2012.
105.Y.N.Harari，Homo Deus：A Brief History of Tomorrow（New York：Vintage，2016）.
你好，超级生命体
106.B.Spinoza，Ethics（1677）（New York：Penguin Classics，2005）.
107.M.Charette and W.H.F.Smith，“The volume of Earth's ocean，”Oceanography 23：2（2010），112-114，DOI：10.5670/oceanog.2010.51.
108.C.S.Von Bartheld，et al.，“The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain：A review of 150 years of cell counting，”Journal of Comparative Neurology 524（2016），3865-3895，10.1002/cne.24040.
109.C.Bowles，“How many electrons are in the human brain？”（2011），https://www.quora.com/How-many-electrons-are-in-the-humanbrain，accessed on August 5，2018.
110.E.A.Ottesen，et al.，”Pattern and synchrony of gene expression among sympatric marine microbial populations，”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America（2011），E488-E497，DOI：10.1073/pnas.1222099110.
111.M.Honigsbaum，“Human Brain Project：Henry Markram plans to spend €lbn building a perfect model of the human brain，”The Guardian，October 2013，https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/oct/15/human-brain-project-henry-markram.
112.S.Theil，“Why the Human Brain Project went wrong-and how to fix it，”Scientific American，October 2015，https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-human-brain-project-went-wrong-and-howto-fix-it.
S.Reardon，“Worldwide brain-mapping project sparks excitementand concern.”Nature 537，597，September 29，2016，DOI：10.1038/nature.2016.20658.
113.C.D.Martin，“The myth of the awesome thinking machine，”Communications of the ACM 36，no.4，April 1993，120-133.
114.N.Bostrom，Superintelligence：Paths，Dangers，Strategies（Oxford：Oxford University Press，2014）.
115.A.Stevenson，“CES：Intel says microprocessors will become emotionally smarter than humans，”The Inquirer，January 7，2014.
116.D.C.Dennett，Consciousness Explained（New York：Back Bay Books，1991）.
117.J.R.Searle，“The Mystery of Consciousness，”The New York Review of Books，November 2，1995.
118.“Interview：Bruce Sterling on the Convergence of Humans and Machines，”2015，https://www.nextnature.net/2015/02/interview-brucesterling，accessed on August 8，2018.
119.C.Stross，Halting State（New York：Ace，2007）.
120.Y.N.Harari，Homo Deus：A Brief History of Tomorrow（New York：Vintage，2016）.
121.K.Kelly，The Inevitable：Understanding the 12 Technological Forces That Will Shape Our Future（New York：Viking，2016）.
122.S.Aupers，In de ban van moderniteit：de sacralisering van het zelf en computertechnologie（Amsterdam：Aksant，2004）；R.van Tienhoven，“Techno Animism，”presentation at the Next Nature Powershow 2011，https://www.youtube.com/watch？v=YPVPPuN90w0.
123.Interview with M.McLuhan，Playboy，March 1969.
124.M.Heidegger，Sein und Zeit（Tübingen：Max Niemeyer Verlag，1927）.
125.N.Bostrom，Superintelligence：Paths，Dangers，Strategies（Oxford：Oxford University Press，2014）.
