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[9]高瑞东：《全球能源革命：一场政治与经济博弈》，载《全球能源革命系列》第一篇（光大证券，2021年12月21日）。
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执笔：冯玲玲、王振（上海社会科学院信息研究所）
【注释】
[1]美国前总统特朗普2017年6月宣布美国将退出《巴黎协定》。2020年11月4日，美国正式退出该协定，此举遭到美国国内和国际社会的广泛批评。
[2]先进能源科技战略情报研究中心：《美国发布2050 净零排放长期战略》，https：//mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QJ6Jp Zpyi2Md6tghv-PHEA/（发布日期：2021年12月24日）。
[3]United States Census Bureau，https：//www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045217.
[4]Gross Domestic Product，Fourth Quarter and Year 2019（Third Estimate）；Corporate Profits，Fourth Quarter and Year 2019，https：//www.bea.gov/news/2020/gross-domestic-product-fourthquarter-and-year-2019-third-estimate-corporate-profits/（发布日期：2020年3月26日）.
[5]Gross Domestic Product（Third Estimate），GDP by Industry，and Corporate Profits，Fourth Quarter and Year 2020，https：//www.bea.gov/news/2021/gross-domestic-product-third-estimate-gdpindustry-and-corporate-profits-4th-quarter-and/（发布日期：2021年3月25日）.
[6]Gross Domestic Product（Third Estimate），Corporate Profits，and GDP by Industry，Fourth Quarter and Year 2021，https：//www.bea.gov/news/2022/gross-domestic-product-third-estimate-corporate-profits-and-gdp-industry-fourth-quarter/（发布日期：2022年3月5日）.
[7]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Use of energy explained，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/（更新日期：2021年5月14日）.
[8]U.S.Energy Information Administration，U.S.energy facts explained，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/（更新日期：2021年5月14日）.
[9]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Use of energy explained，Imports&Exports，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/imports-and-exports.php/（更新日期：2021 年5 月17日）.
[10]Oil and petroleum products explained，Oil imports and exports，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/imports-and-exports.php/（更新日期：2021年4月13日）.
[11]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Use of energy explained，Imports&Exports，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/imports-and-exports.php/（更新日期：2021 年5 月17日）.
[12]1997年12月该条约在日本京都通过，并于1998年3月16日至1999年3月15日间开放签字，共有84国签署，条约于2005年2月16日开始生效，到2009年2月，一共有183个国家通过了该条约。
[13]高瑞东：《全球能源革命：一场政治与经济博弈》，载《全球能源革命系列》第一篇（光大证券，2021年12月21日，第11页）。
[14]高攀、许缘：《拜登签署万亿美元基础设施投资法案》，详见新华丝路，https：//www.imsilkroad.com/news/p/468672.html（发布日期：2021年11月16日）。
[15]United States Department of State and United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，pp.26—27.
[16]United States Environmental Protection Agency，“Inventory of U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks：1990—2019”，Washington DC，2021，转引自The United States Department of State and the United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，p.33.
[17]United States Department of State and United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，pp.34—35.
[18]United States Environmental Protection Agency，“Inventory of U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks：1990—2019”，Washington DC，2021.
[19]United States Department of Energy，Energy Information Administration，“More U.S.coal-fired power plants are decommissioning as retirements continue”，Washington DC，2019，转引自United States Department of State and United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，p.28.
[20]Ibid.，p.27.
[21]United States Department of State and United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，p.24.
[22]United States Department of State and United States Executive Office of the President，The Long-Term Strategy of the United States：Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050，Washington DC，November 2021，p.39.
[23]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，“Global Forest Resources Assessment”，Rome，2020.
[24]United States Environmental Protection Agency，“Inventory of U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks：1990—2019”，Washington DC，2021.
[25]Office of Fossil Energy United States Department of Energy Hydrogen Strategy Enabling a Low-Carbon Economy，Washington DC，July 24，2020，p.5.
[26]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Hydrogen Explained Use of Hydrogen，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydrogen/use-of-hydrogen.php/（更新日期：2022年1月20日）.
[27]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Hydrogen Explained Use of Hydrogen，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydrogen/use-of-hydrogen.php/（更新日期：2022年1月20日）.
[28]United States Department of Energy，Department of Energy Hydrogen Program Plan，November 12，2020，p.19.
[29]U.S.Department of Energy，Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap，December 2020，pp.25—26.
[30]Ibid.，pp.13—15.
[31]U.S.Energy Information Administration，Nuclear Explained U.S.Nuclear Industry，https：//www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/us-nuclear-industry.php/（更新日期：2021年4月6日）.
[32]U.S.Energy Information Administration，“How many nuclear power plants are in the United States，and where are they located？”，https：//www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php？id=207&t=21/（更新日期：2022年3月7日）.
[33]NETWG 是美国能源部特许的工作组，专注于与对能源部核能办公室活动感兴趣的部落政府进行接触。NETWG 致力于协助发展和维持能源部与印第安部落之间的政府关系。
[34]Congressional Research Service，Carbon Capture and Sequestration（CCS）in the United States（October 18，2021），p.5.
[35]Ibid.，p.8.
[36]Global CCS Institute，Global Status Report 2020（December 1，2020），转引自Congressional Research Service，Carbon Capture and Sequestration（CCS）in the United States（October 18，2021），p.13。
[37]Mathilde Carlier，Best-selling plug-in electric cars in the United States in 2021，based on new registrations，Statista，https：//www.statista.com/statistics/257966/best-selling-electric-cars-in-theunited-states/（发布日期：2022年3月23日）.
[38]General Motors，Our Path to an All-Electric Future，https：//www.gm.com/electric-vehicles/.
[39]International Energy Agency，Global EV Outlook 2021，April 2021，pp.19—20.
[40]International Energy Agency，“Leonardo Paoli，Timur Gul，Electric cars fend off supply challenges to more than double global sales”，https：//www.iea.org/commentaries/electric-cars-fend-off-supply-challenges-to-more-than-double-global-sales/（发布日期：2022年1月30日）.
[41]International Energy Agency，Global EV Outlook 2021，April 2021，p.39.
[42]Statista，“Mathilde Carlier，Electric vehicle charging stations and outletsin U.S.”，https：//www.statista.com/statistics/416750/number-of-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-outlets-united-states/（发布日期：2022年1月13日）.
[43]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency，Revised 2023 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards，December 2021，EPA-420-F-21-078.
[44]FCAB由能源部、国防部、商务部和国务院领导，包括政府内许多组织。
[45]Benchmark Mineral Intelligence，“Lithium-Ion Battery Megafactory Assessment”，https：//www.benchmarkminerals.com/megafactories/，转引自FCAB，NATIONAL BLUEPRINT FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES 2021—2030，June 2021，U.S.Department of Energy，p.12。
[46]Wood Mackenzie Power& Renewables/U.S.Energy Storage Association，U.S.Energy Storage Monitor，2020 Year in Review Full Report（March 2021），转引自FCAB，NATIONAL BLUEPRINT FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES 2021—2030，June 2021，U.S.Department of Energy，p.13。
[47]U.S.Department of Energy，Solar Energy Technologies Office，Solar Futures Study，https：//www.energy.gov/eere/solar/solar-futures-study.
[48]SEIA/Wood Mackenzie Power& Renewables US Solar Market Insight，Solar Market Insight Report 2021 Year in Review，https：//www.seia.org/research-resources/solar-market-insightreport-2021-year-review（发布日期：2022年3月10日）.
[49]U.S.Department of Energy，Solar Energy Technologies Office，2030 Solar Cost Targets，https：//www.energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/2030-solar-cost-targets（发布日期：2021年8月13日）.
[50]U.S.Department of Energy，DOE Announces Goal to Cut Solar Costs by More than Half by 2030，https：//www.energy.gov/articles/doe-announces-goal-cut-solar-costs-more-half-2030（March 16，2022）.
[51]Bureau of Transportation Statistics，Full Year 2020 and December 2020 U.S.Airline Traffic Data，https：//www.bts.gov/newsroom/full-year-2020-and-december-2020-us-airline-traffic-data（March 20，2022）.
[52]Bureau of Transportation Statistics，U.S.Airlines 2020 Net Profit Down$35 Billion from 2019，https：//www.bts.gov/newsroom/us-airlines-2020-net-profit-down-35-billion-2019（March 20，2022）.
[53]Federal Aviation Administration（FAA），2021 Aviation Climate Action Plan，November 9，2021，pp.3—4.（注：不包括与燃料生产和分配相关的生命周期排放，也称为油罐排放。）
[54]The White House Briefing Room，Biden Ad ministration Advances the Future of Sustainable Fuels in American Aviation，https：//www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/09/fact-sheet-biden-administration-advances-the-future-of-sustainable-fuels-in-americanaviation/（发布日期：2021年9月9日）.