Answers and Explanations

Answers and Explanations

Unit 1

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.H。结合上下文可以看出这里指的是“模拟的”牧师。

2.D。drown sb./sth.(out)是固定搭配,意思是(指一声音)淹没(另一声音),这里大家咯咯的笑声(giggles)把模拟牧师的话都压过了。

3.K。这里与前面的giggles相呼应,意为不是搞笑的事情。

4.E。从上下文可以看出这个课程“不同寻常”。从后面的Instead of traditional…也可以推出这个答案。

5.A。语法结构上这里应填一个动词。dwell on/upon sth.是固定搭配,指的是“细想某事,详述某事”,例如:Let’s not dwell on your past mistakes,我们不要再细说你过去的错误了。

6.L。从上下文看,学生们用9个星期去扮演“正常来说”需要夫妻用10年来完成的事情。

7.I。从前半句“新人们要找负担得起的公寓”可以看出研究的是“租约”的条款。lease指“土地、房屋等的租约、租契”。

8.N。从disaster、calamities可以看出是不好的事情,婚姻关系紧张到了破裂的点,这里的breaking是最合适的表达。后文的divorce也是对它的提示。

9.F。结合上下文,应为离婚律师。

10.C。结合上下文,父母和学生们应为支持的态度

Section B Reading and Matching

1.K。由题干中的H.D.Woodson High School定位到K段。该段末尾说The District’s H.D.Woodson High School made computer science a requirement for all ninth-graders.

2.B。B段末尾“It’s shocking how little there is,”said Rebecca Dovi,who has taught computer science for 17 years in Virginia schools and is an advocate for more courses statewide.Even when schools offer classes,she said,there are relatively few of them.“You might have one person teaching it in a school of 1,400 kids.”

3.G。G段末尾说During the next decade,about 70 percent of new jobs in science,technology,engineering and math fields will be for computing professionals,desJardins said.

4.M。由题干中的using computer software定位到M段第二句Many people confuse courses about using computer software with true computer science.

5.H。H段第一句There is not a field right now that computer science doesn’t contribute to or support。Not a field…does not是双重否定表肯定,即每个行业都需要computer science。

6.E。由题干中的Charles County定位到E段。该段末尾说Under the county’s new plan,she said,the thinking is,“You can learn how to code,like you can learn how to read and learn how to write.”

7.C。由题干中的Washington region定位到C段。该段末尾说Across the Washington region’s school systems,fewer than one in 10 high school students took computer science this academic year,according to district data.

8.I。由题干中的Code.org.定位到I段。该段末尾说The organization has partnered with an increasing number of school systems nationally—32 as of this month—providing professional development for teachers and new curricular materials.

9.F。由题干中的one reason many schools do not have computer science定位到F段第一句Among the reasons many schools do not have computer science:It is not a priority core subject,and computer science teachers can be hard to find,with some drawn to higherpaying tech jobs.

10.D。由题干中的Some local districts定位到D段第二句Spurred in part by national initiatives,some local districts are urging more students to take computer science courses and trying to address a glaring gender and racial disparity.

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.C。细节推理题。外国人在非洲的刻板印象是殖民者。正确。来自第三段The stereotype of foreigners in Africa is of neocolonial exploiters.A为救世主,拯救者。B选项意思为野蛮人,未开化的人。D为盟友。均不正确。整篇文章大篇幅在讲外国在非洲的争夺,三次争夺中外国人均被看作殖民者,尤其第三第四段均提及这个方面,故选C。

2.D。细节推理题。第二自然段列举几个国家在非洲政治、军事、外交等方面的参与及渗透情况,目的就是用例子证明外国在非洲的参与是空前的,也就是证明第二段主题句The extent of foreign engagement is unprecedented.D选项正是该主题句的同义表述,故正确。A选项,强调文中所提及国家的强大,文中未提及,且答非所问,错误。B选项表明非洲有很多盟友,C选项表明非洲愿意广交朋友,B、C均在文中未提及,为主观臆断,不正确。

3.D。段落主旨题。答案D来自第一自然段最后一句This creates vast opportunities.If Africa handles the new scramble wisely,the main winners will be Africans themselves.从此句得出如果能明智地利用第三次争夺战,非洲能成为赢家,即是C项的同义表述,第三次surge也许能给非洲带来益处。A选项限制非洲的发展,为干扰项,B选项争夺土地是第一次的特点,C选项为第二次的特点,A、B、C均错。

4.B。细节题。外国人在非洲的刻板印象一直没改变是因为他们只对非洲的资源感兴趣,而不是关心非洲人民。来自原文第三段的句子being indifferent to its people,interested only in the continent’s natural resources.从文中此句可以得出对非洲人民冷漠,不关心。A选项意思是关心非洲人,意思相反,错误。C来自文中第二段,想要加强与非洲的军事和外交关系,尽管文中有提及,但均为干扰项,未说到本质。D选项是第三段的一个细节,外国人想要扩大与非洲的商业关系。故均为错误选项。

5.D。文章主旨题。文中有几选项A、B和C只是个别段落的意思或在文中被提及,不能概括为文章的主要观点。全文几个段落都是讲非洲争夺战。

PASSAGE 2

1.D。细节推理题。从文中第二段关于太阳光伏发电技术的描述来进行推断。A选项具有迷惑性,从…highlight the obstacles to be overcome before solar photovoltaics become a mainstream energy source.可以推出它并未成为主流的能源。C所指的价格下降主要原因是economies of scale(规模经济),而不是题目所指。D可以从The recent drop in solar prices has been due to economies of scale.这一句得出,即太阳能价格的下降是规模经济带来的结果。

2.B。细节题。出处在第三段中their economics become less attractive the more they are deployed.…driving down wholesale prices。A和C选项原文没有提及,D选项的推断恰与原文的意思相反,应该是供应商的利润随太阳能板数量的增加而减少。

3.A。细节题。原文出在第四段,可以用排除法和定位法相结合。选项B和D指的是人们希望能够发明出来的lithium-ion battery(锂电池)所起的作用,而这样的电池还未被发明出来;选项C没有在原文中提及。所以可以排除BCD选项。A选项的出处在这一段的…by cleaning up the transport component of energy and offering a way to store electricity。

4.A。细节题。出处是第五段中的But high-voltage,direct-current transmission lines…may be more at risk of meddling.题目中的interfere和这句话中的meddling的动词meddle意思基本相同。B选项是指的一本书,C选项在文中也没有被提及,D选项在文中没有提到会带来隐患。

5.C。文章主旨题。文中有几处提到可再生能源发展不如人们想象的那么快,如第一段You would think the world was almost there.Yet…renewables still produce only 8% of the world’s electricity.又如第二段中However fast the price of a kilowatt-hour of electricity generated by solar panels has fallen,the price of a gigabyte of data storage in a microchip has fallen a million times faster.也说明太阳能发电技术的发展远赶不上芯片的发展速度。选项A、B和D只是个别段落的意思或在文中被提及,不能概括为文章的主要观点。

PASSAGE 3

Questions 1-5题目类型:Matching信息配对题

1.D。题干意思为描述研究者在探究海豚同步行为时遇到的水下声音追踪的困难。D段出现的信息…dolphins don’t open their mouths when they“talk,”and tracking underwater sound has long been a technical challenge,这与题干的关键词difficulty和capture underwater sounds对应。故答案为D。

2.C。题干意思为提出针对海豚同步行为的一个研究问题。文中C段出现了关于question的信息点,But how do they achieve such synchronicity?这与题干关键词a question对应。

3.H。题干意思为对海豚同步后空翻行为的描述。H段出现的信息Lopez-Marulanda and colleagues found that trained dolphins doing backflips in sync touched the surface within one-thirtieth of 1 second of each other,与题干的关键词do backflips in sync相呼应。

4.J。题干意思为对如何使用水听器捕捉海豚发出的咔哒声的描述。文中指出两个研究团队分别使用水听器捕捉clicks和whistles声,其中有关clicks声的捕捉出现在J段,原文为the hydrophones picked up what sounded like vocal cues.In Belgium,the dominant female sent a series of clicks that ended just milliseconds before each jump…。

5.N。题干意思为对两项最新研究所作出的贡献的解释。文中N段指出两项研究为帮助人类理解海豚同步行为做出了重要贡献,原文为the studies provide“really important contributions”to understanding how highly social,big-brained dolphins work together so well,这与题干的关键词contribution和two new studies相呼应。

Questions 6-9题目类型:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断信息正误题

6.TRUE。题干意思为Lopez-Marulanda和同事使用了五位一体的水听器设备来捕捉来自一群海豚中的某一只海豚发出的声音。E段第二句指出该团队使用五位一体的水听器能定位出哪一只海豚在发出声,原文为In France,researchers recently combined five hydrophones to set up a star-shaped pattern that can pinpoint which dolphin in a group is“speaking”,这与题干关键词five-hydrophone和a particular dolphin in a group对应。故答案为TRUE。

7.TURE。题干意思为两个研究团队的研究解释了海豚在两种不同情境下如何做到同步行为。G段指出两项研究解释了两种不同情形下海豚如何精准实现同步行为,原文为In two new studies,the teams used their equipment to help explain how the animals work together with such precision,in two very different situations.这与题干关键词two different conditions相对应。故答案为TRUE。

8.FALSE。题干意思为当海豚与同伴分开超过10米且看不见对方时,他们不能同时按下按钮。I段提到when the animals were separated by more than 10 meters and couldn’t see each other,they still pushed their buttons within the same second,即在分开的情况下,海豚们依然能同时按下按钮。这与题干didn’t push相矛盾。故答案为FASLE。

9.NOT GIVEN。题干意思为研究者发现海豚发出咔哒声时更容易做出同伴行为并抓到鱼。K段提到They were 33% more likely to synchronize,and thus get the fish,when they whistled,the team reports today in Royal Society Open Science.该信息仅仅强调,相关研究报道指出当海豚发出哨声时,他们有33%的可能性更加倾向于行为同步,然后抓到鱼。该研究仅针对的是whistle情形,对click情景并未提及。故答案为NOT GIVEN。

Questions 10-12题目类型:Summary概要题。

这是对全文主要内容的summary。

10.vocal cues。C段末句指出But how do they achieve such synchronicity?D段首句作出回应Scientists have long suspected the cetaceans coordinate their actions through vocal cues.海豚是如何实现同步行为的?科学家很长时间以来怀疑鲸类通过声音渠道协调他们的行为。所以,vocal cues是科学家们猜测的点。

11.rarity。L段指出But the combined findings suggest dolphins use vocal cues to collaborate—a rarity in the animal world.两项研究共同表明海豚通过声音渠道来协调他们的行为,这种动物世界中非常罕见。题干中出现的use clicks and whistlers to collaborate相当于原文use vocal cues to collaborate。故答案为rarity。

12.Further studies。O段首句指出Further studies on how free-range dolphins coordinate could provide more insight,Reiss says,though following them through murky seas with high-tech equipment is tricky.尽管在深海中使用高科技来跟踪自由放养的海豚非常困难,但未来针对他们的研究将有利于进一步解开海豚同步行为的秘密。原文的free-range dolphins coordinate在题干中出现,原文murky sea和tricky分别对应题干中的the deep sea和challenging。故答案为Further studies。

Part 3 Translation

China continued its in-depth economic restructuring,which brought about the rapid growth in the national economy.Industrial and agricultural performance improved noticeably.The objective for the growth rate of the gross domestic product was attained.Total national revenue exceeded 1 trillion yuan for the first time.Science,technology,education and other social undertakings developed in an all-round way.Technological innovation and translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces were accelerated.Notable advances took place in environmental protection and ecological conservation.New achievements were made in literature and art,the press and publishing,radio,film and television,family planning,public health,sports and other undertakings.The living standards of the people improved,and the society maintained its stability.Our great motherland moved rapidly towards prosperity and grew steadily with each passing day.

Unit 2

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.K。might后面缺谓语成分,所以应该填动词。根据主语soda industry的立场,可以推断可能通过上诉来阻挠这个法令,所以填sue。

2.A。此处需要填名词作主语。Efforts在词性和词义上均合乎要求。

3.B。此句是对含糖饮料给出的定义,搭配为define sth.as。

4.C。other后面要接一个名词,并且要能概括such as后面列举的sports and energy drinks,vitamin waters and iced teas,因此选products。

5.N。fruit前面需要一个形容词,备选的形容词中能修饰蔬果汁的只能是natural。

6.E。这句说的是含糖饮料导致的疾病,根据常识,吃糖过量会导致肥胖、糖尿病和蛀牙。

7.J。此处需要一个副词修饰approved,根据后面11-0的投票结果,可知是全体一致同意,因此选unanimously而不是overwhelmingly,因为后者表示绝大多数。

8.D。Another后面省略了proposal,从前一句One proposal would ban可以推断此句would后面也需要填一个表示“禁止”的动词,因此填prohibit,同时也正好与后面的from搭配。

9.I。此处需要一个形容词修饰products,从后面的These are products that are making people sick可知这些产品有害。由于有not,所以应该填harmless,而不是hazardous。

10.F。空格处需要一个形容词修饰drink。此句的意思是某大学城要求餐馆给儿童配餐的默认饮料是牛奶和水,因此选default。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.G。见G段第二句But,there is a basic human instinct,an internal appreciation,for harmony,balance,and rhythm—this can be defined as beauty.句中的instinct指本能,这句话说明人们会出于本能地欣赏和谐、平衡、有韵律的事物,并把其定义为美。

2.B。见B段第二句In Ancient Greece,the term for art was“techne”,though that word did not denote art in the modern sense and was instead applied to human activities,especially handicrafts and technical work.这句说明古希腊用于表示艺术的词techne,在现代意义上并不表示艺术,而应用于handicrafts and technical work等human activities。由此可见,现代意义上,handicrafts and technical work不被看成是艺术。

3.F。见F段第三句Art can also simply refer to the developed and efficient use of a language to convey meaning with immediacy and/or depth.全文只有此处把艺术和语言联系在一起,可用use of a language作为定位。

4.K。见K段第四句For example,performance art often does not aim to please the audience but instead evokes feelings,reactions,conversations,or questions from the people observing.可用performance art定位。此句句型关键在于does not aim to…but instead…意义存在转折。

5.I。见I段第二至四句For Immanuel Kant,the aesthetic experience of beauty is a judgment of a subjective,but common,human truth.He argued that all people should agree that a rose is beautiful if it indeed is.There are many common conceptions of beauty;for example,Michelangelo’s paintings in the Sistine Chapel are widely recognized as beautiful works of art.这几个句子举例证明,虽然审美带有主观性,但有些事物,如玫瑰、米开朗基罗的画和西斯廷教堂被公认为美丽的艺术作品。

6.E。见E段最后In your interpretation,you would comment on…the meaning of most artworks…is not exhausted by a discussion of materials,techniques,and form.Most interpretations also include a discussion of the ideas and feelings the artwork engenders.句中说到the meaning of most artworks is not exhausted by…Most interpretations also include…可见评论家从两个方面评价艺术品。

7.E。见E段The decision to cast a sculpture in bronze,for instance,inevitably effects its meaning;you might examine how the materials in each artwork have become an arrangement of shapes,colors,textures,and lines.In your interpretation,you would comment on how salient features of the form contribute to the overall meaning of the finished artwork.这几句说明一件艺术品的意义,不仅受到选材的影响,还受到材料使用情况的影响,如对形状、色彩等的安排。

8.H。见H段最后一句In practice,aesthetic judgment refers to the sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object(not necessarily a work of art),while artistic judgment refers to the recognition,appreciation,or criticism of a work of art.这句句型关键是aesthetic judgement refers to…while artistic judgment refers to….句中明确给出aesthetic judgment和artistic judgment的定义,且用while表转折,说明两者是不一样的。

9.A。见A段最后一句Most people would not have considered the depiction of a Brillo Box or a store-bought urinal to be art until Andy Warhol and Marcel Duchamp,respectively,placed those objects in the context of art(i.e.an art gallery),which then associated these objects with a way that art could be defined.可用a store-bought urinal定位;此外,这个句型重点是not…until,表明自Andy Warhol和Marcel Duchamp展出自己的Brillo Box和store-bought urinal后,Brillo Box和store-bought urinal这一类的东西也可以和艺术联系在一起了。

10.C。见C段第一句The nature of art has been described by philosopher Richard Wollheim as one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture.可用人名Richard Wollheim进行定位,elusive指难以捉摸的、难懂的。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.C。细节判断题。文章第一段的第一句accepting the people’s respect one day,then facing their rejection on another表明巴黎圣母院一直以来,吸引了无数的人,但是有些人膜拜,有些人抵制。也就是,人们对它的情感是混杂的,所以C是正确选项。

2.A。文章第二段一开始讲到Sully非常欣赏pioneer architectures的哥特式建筑,于是决定在巴黎中心修建一座天主教堂,它将是the wonder of Christendom and dedicated to the Virgin Mary,最后一句才是他的修建目的,所以答案是A。

3.A。细节判断题。文章第四段的第二句It was returned to glory in the mid-19th century,owing in no small part to the novelist Victor Hugo.和第四段最后一句He wrote his blockbuster novel in 1831—later published in English as The Hunchback of Notre Dame.表明雨果的名著《巴黎圣母院》重新唤起世人对圣母院的关注,所以选A。

4.C。细节判断题。文章的第五段倒数第二句话说到in order to open up a new square in front of the main façade,也就是为了在main façade前修一个广场,而不是为了修一个main façade.又根据最后一句话Parisians could stand back and contemplate the cathedral in all its splendor.修建这个广场就为了让巴黎人更好地瞻仰它,所以答案选C。

5.B。细节判断题。文章第五段的第二句中who restored the west façade(正面)and the Gallery of Kings,and also added new features:a towering spire(塔尖),sculptures of the Twelve Apostles,and the now famous gargoyles(怪兽状滴水嘴)and chimeras(怪物)who perch on the stone walls展示了圣母院的建筑设计价值,第六段第二句The building is celebrated in the paintings of Matisse and Picasso展示了其绘画艺术的价值,所以选B。

PASSAGE 2

1.NO。寻找作者观点、论点或文章中的具体信息。从段落G中可以得知,人类体内有2种tp53抗癌染色体,而大象体内有40种tp53抗癌染色体,因此该表述与文中的信息不符。

2.YES。寻找作者观点、论点或文章中的具体信息。从段落A可以看出,癌症是由单个细胞突变开始的,拥有细胞数量越多的机体,发生癌症的几率应该越大。但事实是大象和鲸中的癌症发生率远远低于人类,所以作者的观点是有些动物体型的大小与癌症发生率成反比。

3.NOT GIVEN。寻找作者观点、论点或文章中的具体信息。从段落A可以得知,虽然科学家在研究鲸抗癌基因,也希望能把这些基因引入人体内,但作者并没说这样的目标会很快实现。

4.C。寻找信息。从段落C的第二句可以看出,大约5千万年前,一种介于老鼠和狼狗之间的物种,最终进化成了鲸。

5.D。寻找信息。从段落D的倒数第二句apoptosis的同位语可以看出,apoptosis就是一个让变异细胞自杀的过程。

6.F。寻找信息。从段落F的第二句可以看出,大象中的癌症致死率为5%,而人类中的癌症致死率为11%-25%。

7.B。配对题。段落D的第一句,Dr.Tollis发现随着古座头鲸的进化,其体内抑制肿瘤生长的基因也增加了。

8.A。配对题。段落H的最后一句,Dr.Schiffman说,把合成大象tp53导入人体癌细胞,会迅速导致癌细胞死亡。

9.B。配对题。段落D的倒数第二句,Dr.Tollis发现座头鲸能成倍地生长新细胞,从而促进老细胞的调亡。

10.C。配对题。从段落A的第一句到第六句,Richard Peto发现的悖论就是,大象和鲸这样体内细胞数量比人类多得多的大型动物,患癌的概率却低得多。

PASSAGE 3

1.C。细节题。第二段的最后一句话It is a future that the petroleum industry is increasingly trying to embrace,leveraging its financial and logistical resources to deal with the climate change problem its companies helped create.石油行业正投入越来越多的财力、后勤物资等到新能源行业,来应对气候变化,而气候的变化相关程度上是石油行业造成的,所以选C。

2.A。推理判断题。第二段第一句Shell…are looking toward a future in which power is harnessed from the sun and the wind.和第二句It is a future that the petroleum industry is increasingly trying to embrace,leveraging its financial and logistical resources to deal with the climate change problem its companies helped create.Shell未来会更多参与到以太阳能、风能为代表的新能源行业,所以选A。

3.D。信息简化题。第五段画线的长句其实是作为第一句主题句的扩展句,壳牌公司每年斥资20亿用于电能和其他可替代能源发展。其中之一的举措就是Shell has bought First Utility and invested…即Shell一方面收购像First Utility这样成长性好的新兴企业,同时在世界各地的一些新能源企业投资也有投资,所以选D。

4.D。细节信息题。第一段First Utility…offers friendly customer service,and low prices on electricity and natural gas.和第五段Sales agents(of First Utility),who work online and by phone,are trained to try to help customers through problems like the loss of a family member,rather than following a script.可以看出First Utility是一家能为消费者提供人性化优质客户服务的电力燃气公司,所以选D。

5.C。主旨大意题。根据第五段最后两句话Shell closed a deal to buy First Utility in March after it decided that the company could be an important part of their future energy business.Maarten Wetselaar,the head of Shell’s new energies business and its natural gas unit,said“we will be able to grow much faster than if we were to start from the very beginning”.以及前面几段的内容可以推断,Shell收购First Utility是为了让后者更好地助其开拓新能源业务,所以选C。

Part 3 Translation

Chinese seal,which could be traced back to Yin Dynasty,was originally used as emperors’imperial seal.After Qin Dynasty,more varieties of seals emerged.Used as personalized seals and stamps for private matters,those non-official seals and stamps were called Yin.In Tang Dynasty,the name of seal was changed into Bao due to superstition,on the grounds that Xi(imperial seal)sounds like si(death).As an unique traditional Chinese art,seal carving has been endowed with rich cultural connotation with thousands of year’s development,symbolizing the spirit of traditional Chinese culture.Seal carving incorporates diversified and spectacular artistic characters within a limited space,thus it has been adored by intellectuals and poets in the past dynasties.The emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympics resembles one of the traditional Chinese seal carving patterns.

Unit 3

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.M。Be(more)likely to do...(更)可能做某事。

2.O。表示“方法”,从语法判断,这里缺一个名词。

3.E。首先从时态上讲,这里需要一个现在完成时,再结合上下文意思,应该是(未)从其他的治疗方法中“受益”。

4.J。表示“感知”。从语法结构看,这里应该是和其他两个名词thoughts和emotions意思类似的名词。

5.D。从语法结构看,这里缺一个动词。从上下文看,应该是“提供指导和工具”。

6.A。从语法结构看,这里需要一个形容词,“有效的”这个意思很合适。

7.N。表示“随机地”,实验的参与者是随机选择的。

8.G。从语法结构看,这里缺一个宾语,同时这个宾语在后面的从句中也作宾语。表示“所……的事情”。

9.C。表示“参加”。

10.I。表示程度,副词修饰形容词disabled,表示“明显地”。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.O。概括题。O段是对本文的总结,Djokovic的事例说明尽管thinking有必要,但他在比赛重要关头体现出的careless joy发挥了更大作用。

2.K。推断题。K段指出unthinking不等于ignorance:无知。Djokovic能在赛点打出那精彩的一球是因为他在之前的比赛和训练中练习了上千种打法;而Dylan在歌词方面的才华横溢也得益于他对于民谣、法国诗歌以及美国传奇的痴迷。由此可以推断出没有之前的知识储备和练习,艺术家们和运动员们都很难成功。draw on相当于make use of。

3.E。细节题。从E段Its power is not confined to sport:actors and musicians know about it too…可以得出:performing arts对应actors,music对应musicians。词组confine sb./sth.to sth.意为“将某人/某物限制在一定范围内”。

4.F。概括题。F段提到当人们过于追寻自己的想法的时候,就会很困惑,因为这些个人的想法往往把常识掩盖了。并以购买果酱为例,当人们知道更多有关果酱成分的细节的时候,往往买的是自己不喜欢的。词组lose one’s bearings意为“感到困惑”。

5.N。细节题。对应N段的The only reliable cure for over thinking seems to be enjoyment…get over意为“克服”。

6.G。概括题。G段提到老鼠和小孩可以通过直观的推理判断出食物摆放在哪一边的概率大,而耶鲁的大学生试图通过计算潜在的模式来判断,结果还不如老鼠和小孩的选择。resort to意为“求助于、依靠”。

7.H。概括题。H段开头说By allowing ourselves to listen to our(better)instincts,we can tap into a kind of compressed wisdom.指通过听从直觉/本能,我们可以开发智慧。接着提到了棒球运动员通过直觉来完成接打球这一复杂的动作。由此可以概括为我们可以依靠直觉完成一些看似复杂的动作。

8.I。细节题。从I段的The pedestrians picked companies they’d heard of,which was a better guide to future success than any analysis of price-earning ratios.可以推断出。Publicity:知名度,对应文中的they’d heard of。

9.D。细节题。见D段的By thinking too hard,they lose the fluid physical grace required to succeed.句中they指代的是athletes。

10.L。推断题。L段提到In high performance fields it’s the older and more successful performers who are most prone to choke,because expectation is piled upon them.接着举了去米兰La Scala歌剧院演出的歌手和Federer的例子来进行说明,由此可以推断出有经验的音乐家和运动员对自身的高期望可能导致不太好的表现。be prone to意为“易于遭受,有做……的倾向”,choke本义为“窒息”,可理解为fail。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.B。段落大意题。从第一和第二段可以概括出,人工智能驱动的各种App给人们提供高度个性化的建议和服务。A项意思是App提供大量的个人信息,但实际上是App收集到大量信息并进行分析,而后给出个性化的建议和服务,所以A项不正确。D项意思是App能帮助使用者分析信息。C项是协助使用者作出更准确的预测。A、C、D三项都是App的功能,App之所以给使用者的生活带来便利,是因为它并不需要使用者参与,而是将预测的结果直接告知使用者,所以正确答案是B。

2.B。段落大意题。本段的大意是医生由于时间和其他方面的压力,平均花在每个病人身上的时间是有限的。而App的优势是它可以随时自动收集使用者的信息,因此比起医生,App可以收集到更全面的信息,并通过比对该App的其他使用者的信息,为使用者提供更个性化的保健计划,所以B项最佳。D项与App能否为使用者提供个性化的保健计划没有直接关系。A项意思是App能提供保健的建议,而医生也可以,所以可排除。

3.C。细节题。第四段开头提到了关于信息收集的问题。由于种种原因,App有时不能收集到更多的信息和更准确的信息,而没有准确的信息,App就做不出准确的分析。针对这个问题,研发出了置于App内的自动收集信息的装置,所以正确答案是C。

4.A。细节推理题。根据第五段第四句话When we’re in charge of telling a therapist how we feel or entering it into an app,it’s easy for our biases to influence what we share.可以推断出,使用者的个人偏见会导致其提供不准确的信息,答案A符合。

5.A。段落大意题。根据最后一段,可以推断在个人理财方面,App也会收集全面的个人信息,而尽力不受使用者的偏见影响,B、C和D项分别只是个人信息的某一方面,答案A才是全面的个人信息。

PASSAGE 2

1.D。细节推理题。第一段最后一句话The reason:Asian Americans are more likely than other groups to believe that attending an elite university—and preferably an Ivy League one—is a necessary step to a successful career.意思是说,比起美国的其他群体,亚裔美国人更倾向于认为一个精英大学的学位是事业成功的必要步骤,D最符合此句意思。A和B选项是亚裔美国人看重精英大学的表现而不是原因。C项的意思是考入精英大学就是取得巨大成功,但根据本文意思,考入精英大学是事业成功的必要步骤,因此C项和原文意思不符。

2.B。细节题。直接定位到第三段allegedly capping admissions of Asian American students,意思是“据称美国的一些著名学府对招收亚裔美国学生设限”,因此B项正确。C项意思是据称亚裔学生在大学里受到歧视;A项用不同的标准对待亚裔学生;D项是亚裔美国人想享受到特殊待遇;A、C和D在文中都没有支持。

3.C。细节题。根据第七段Although Asian American women are likely to earn as much as white women…,意为“亚裔美国女性的薪酬可能和白人女性差不多……”根据Asian Americans are the racial group least likely to be promoted into managerial and executive ranks.可知亚裔美国人被提升到管理职位的可能性最小,排除A和B。根据第六段College-educated,U.S.-born Asian men earn 8% less than white men.排除D。

4.D。细节题。倒数第二段Asian Americans are less likely than white and black Americans to engage in civic activity.比起白人和黑人,亚裔更少参与到公民的志愿活动中,因此选择D项。文章没有比较智商,提及亚裔缺少管理经验或者课外活动,因此排除A、B和C三个选项。

5.A。主旨大意题。作者在最后一段总结整篇文章,Asian Americans should consider that what people do in college and afterward is a stronger predictor of success than the status of the college they choose to attend.可知亚裔美国人应该认识到,比起大学的声誉,一个人在大学里和大学毕业之后的所作所为更能决定他事业是否成功。这句话建议,选择学校时不要太过注重大学的声誉,因此得出答案A。而B、C和D并不是文章的主旨,因此排除。

PASSAGE 3

第1-6小题为文章概述的填空题。文章的大意是LG电子股份有限公司于1995年进入移动手机市场,逐渐发展成(从运输量来看)全球第三大的手机制造商。然而,在过去的几年中,该公司的手机业务已经萎缩。它在手机行业向5G转型的过程中没能实现突破。因此,该公司在亏损了数十亿美金之后,宣布退出手机市场以便把精力集中到该集团的其他产业,尤其是未来增长驱动力产业。

1.third largest。第二段“LG had once been the world’s third largest phone maker by shipments and remains the biggest U.S.vendor after Apple and Samsung.”

2.withered。第二段“But LG’s overall phone business has withered in the past six years or so.”

3.transitioning。第四段“LG,which first broke intomobile-phones business in1995,has found itself caughtin the middle of a smartphone industry transitioning to next-generation 5Gtechnology.”

4.accumulated losses。第二段“It has been in the red for 23 straight quarters,with the accumulated losses exceeding$4.4 billion.”

5.exit。第一段“LG Electronics Inc.will exit its unprofitable smartphone business after years of struggling to compete with industry leaders Apple Inc.and Samsung Electronics Co.,as well as fast-growing Chinese rivals.”

6.priority。第三段“The move allows LG to givep riority to future growth drivers,such as electric-vehicle components and robotics,and focus on a home-appliances business that boomed during the pandemic(大流行病),the company said.”

第7-10为配对题。把说话者与说话者所陈述的内容匹配起来。

7.D。Jeff Kim第六段“Dropping the phone business could improve annual profit by up to 800 billion South Korean won(about$708 million)inthe coming years,said Jeff Kim.”该句的大意是退出手机行业会在未来改善集团的年度收益。

8.C。Tom Kang第五段“About 90% of LG’s phones were being designed and engineered externally,he added.”根据位于该句的前一句话,可以推断出“he”指代的是Tom Kang。该句的大意是LG的手机90%由外包商设计和制造。

9.A。Kwon Bong-seok第一段“Chief Executive Kwon Bong-seok declared in January that all options were under consideration regarding the mobile division’s fate.”该句的大意是总裁Kwon Bong-seok宣布该集团考虑了所有的可能性后才对其手机行业的去留作出了决定。

10.B。Woody Oh最后一段“With LG on the way out,rivals offering lower-priced phones in the U.S.,South Korea and Brazil,including Samsung,Alphabet Inc.’s Google Pixel and Chinese upstarts,could scoop up extra market share,Mr.Oh added.”该句的大意是LG退出手机市场,其原来的市场份额会分散到美国、韩国、巴西及中国的手机制造商。

Part 3 Translation

There have been five key relationships in China’s traditional society,which are those between parent and child,elder brother and younger brother,husband and wife,friend and friend,and ruler and subject.Family relationships are at the heart of Chinese culture,and children’s duty to their parents is the root from which moral and social virtues grow.Filial piety also serves as a model for how other relationships should be conducted.

In China’s traditional code of ethics,parents are figures of authority and children are in the subordinate role.The relationships between the ruler and the subject,husband and wife,older and younger brother pattern themselves after that between parent and child.The only equal relationship of the five key relationships is that between friends.

With the development of society and advances in civilization,traditional code of ethics has changed.The equal relationship based on mutual respect has been gradually established in China.

Unit 4

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.O。本文讲的是美国水资源问题。文章第一句即全篇中心句,余下部分全部围绕water problem展开。第二句的To put it simply,再次点明整个国家的供水系统出现了问题。空格处的主语是This state of affairs,谓语需要第三人称单数,而从后面一句可以看出,水资源问题影响到工业、农业、人类健康以及能源等各个方面,所以此处应该用threatens,威胁到的不仅仅是我们的饮用水。

2.A。this后面需要一个名词,price此处不仅指代价,同时也是指价格,从后一句可以推出,这个代价或者价格非常高,那么是什么代价如此高昂呢?只能是neglect,我们长期忽视供水系统问题所产生的代价。不能用attention,从文章前后可以看出,政府并没有予以关注才出现问题,所以相反,应该是“忽视”。

3.E。需要形容词,从上文可以推断出,这里要确保一个reliable可靠的城市、农业和工业供给。

4.J。many后面需要名词复数,后半句列举了很多例子,所以该问题是由很多因素factors造成的。

5.D。这段讲述的是漏水的管道引起水资源流失,从关键词leaky pipes以及lost,可以推出空格处需要动词disappear。

6.M。这段讲的是污水处理系统也需要升级。从后面一句可以看出雨水和积雪融化的水overwhelm,那么这个需求一定是serious的。

7.K。干旱也会导致供水系统出问题,动名词causing引导后一句状语,导致西部一些城市不得不向更远更深的地方寻求水源。

8.B。接上句,因为干旱导致缺水,所以39%应该是Lake Mead的容量capacity。

9.N。这段仍然讲述的是各种原因导致的供水系统缺陷。investment和innovation都是对系统有利的,但是却遭到了depress和inhibit。

10.H。最后总结,我们需要一个“合理的”用水规划等。这一题和第3题很容易混淆,但是这样搭配是最合理的,这是本组题的一个难点。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.G。本段讲到美国只有不到5%的人群买不到或者买不起新鲜蔬果,然而却有65%的人超重,所以缺乏新鲜果蔬并不是导致肥胖流行的原因,而是我们自己在逛超市或便利店时所做的决定,但是我们要买什么又在很大程度上受到垃圾食品丰富的市场营销的影响。本段第六行的Since引出了结果和解决方案。

2.J。上文中说到相比20世纪70年代,现在人们每天都摄入的热量比之前要高500,而且最后讲到,根本没有时间去燃烧掉It’s nearly impossible for most of us to exercise enough to burn off these excess calories.

3.F。这段提到两个案例。案例一,相比要求记得2位数的小组,要求记住7位数的成人组会更多选择高热量的甜食,而不是水果沙拉。案例二,观看完垃圾食品的商业广告后,成人和儿童组都会选择进食更多的垃圾食品。最后一句说到,最有警惕心的人也会受到工作或者广告的影响,而选择更多垃圾食品Even the most vigilant(警惕的)may not be up to the task of controlling their impulses.

4.E。该段针对第二个误区进行了阐释。根据2006年的一份报告指出research on restrained eating has proven that in most circumstances dieting is not a feasible strategy,也就是说,靠节食减肥并不可行,因为人们很难控制自己对美食的向往。

5.K。针对第五个误区,如果我们能够懂得更多有关饮食和营养学知识,就可以控制肥胖,但实际上,该段列举了医务人员肥胖的实例,证明这个观点是错误的。

6.M。从M段最后一句可知,虽然教育有一定作用,但减少肥胖真正需要的是监管,例如对糖和脂肪食品促销的监管。

7.H。这段开头说eating too much junk food,人们去杂货店,only to be confronted by candy at the cash register and chips and soda at the end of aisles,发现很多薯片汽水之类的垃圾食物,并解释说impulse-marketing strategies contribute significantly to obesity across the population,也就是说杂货店引诱顾客冲动购买垃圾食品。

8.C。该选项和上文为因果关系,此句Restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home.是说因为饭店里的菜肴比家里的含有更多的卡路里,所以常在外就餐的人患肥胖的可能性更大。

9.D。第一句讲工厂生产更高卡路里的食物,We should blame these business practices,which are modifiable,for obesity rather than our genes,which are not.我们应该指责工厂的这种做法,而不是基因。which are modifiable是插入语,指这种business practices是可以改变的,而基因却不能。也就是说,解决肥胖要从工厂生产下手。

10.I。I段展示了几个研究都是为了说明关于肥胖的第四个误解,即肥胖是由久坐造成的。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.C。主题+细节题。文章背景是广告的三个营销方式。传统的广告营销方式(organic branded content),在网络环境下已经不再适用,因为人们可以跳过或者屏蔽不喜欢的广告内容,这样广告商的投入将产生极小的回报。因此就有了现在的主流Branded content(娱乐营销),即品牌赞助博主来宣传产品。但是这一方式目前只能将广告的品牌呈现在网络主播的粉丝群,受众不够多。因此才有了Instragram最新开发的Branded content advertisement,其目的就是让更多的社交网络用户知道该赞助品牌,从而扩大影响。第一段“Branded content advertisements,”as Instagram calls the new offering,are part of the service’s broader strategy to connect advertisers and creators in more formal partnerships.

说明Branded content advertisement作为平台提供的一项新服务,其更广泛的战略意义在于加强广告商和主播之间更正式的合作关系。故C符合题意。D虽然提到过两次,但只是此次会议的时间,仅此而已。A和B都是看似正确的干扰项。

2.D。细节判断题。第二段influencers后the web celebrities who have built mass and niche followings on the platform是其同位语,解释了influencers指的就是具有一定受众或小众却有影响力的网红。故选D。

3.B。细节判断题。第四段提到2017年,Instagram第一次推出了品牌内容广告的方式first branded content tools在网络平台上激起轩然大波,并不是因为A帮助网红寻找品牌代言的机会。D寻找更多的流量网红为品牌代言,更不是C鼓励每个用户加入合作项目(从第五段可知,这是Ins的新计划),而是因为D,它没有按照现行网络平台的规定,向品牌的广告商透露该品牌和网红代言的关系(disclosing the relationship to advertiser),所以这才是目前电子平台应该遵循的法规条例。故选B。

4.A。归纳题。该题的答案首次出现在第三段末尾,某些生产商代表呼吁accurate measurements,再次出现在第六段句首more vigilance,因此整个业界最关心的是监管问题,如果没有严格的管理和真实的数据,赞助商将不能放心与所谓的流量明星合作。故选A。

5.B。个人观点的理解题。文章一直在介绍这项新的广告类型、其优点和作用以及各大品牌与社交媒体的期待和反应等,这些都是正向的。而最后一段Olive提出了质疑,网红的一切行为都可以被平台所控制,那么前面提到的监管也一样,这样根本达不到预期的效果。故选B。

PASSAGE 2

1.C。细节题。从文章的第一段最后一句their flesh is delicious to humans and worth a lot of money,creating a market demand that has led to a history of overfishing直接可知,对于蓝鳍金枪鱼最致命的威胁,就是由高利润带来的过度捕杀,并在第二段得到佐证。选项A错误,因为它们产的卵数量实际是巨大的,但是长成的成鱼数量却很稀少。B环境和金枪鱼的数量之间本身就有着十分密切的联系,但是环境的恶化也不是导致它生存受到威胁的最主要的原因。C说到它的体型很大,但这并不构成任何生存的威胁。故选C。

2.D。细节题。从文章第四段不难看出,A、B、C是正常的海洋生态系统的作用,而第四段最后一句Pacific bluefin tuna play a vital part in this web of life as they make journeys from their birthplace in the waters around Japan to the coasts of California and Mexico,where they spend several years feeding before returning.明确指出蓝鳍金枪鱼的重要性,就是因为它们具有洄游的生活习性。故知答案应为D。

3.C。细节题,从第五段可以得知太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼濒临灭绝的原因,最主要的一点就是最后一句Rather than acting with caution in the face of uncertainty,some nations continue overfishing of Pacific bluefin tuna,even on the spawning grounds in the Sea of Japan and near Okinawa,where protections are needed most.即使是在它们产卵的日本海领域,也会遭到捕杀。而其产卵地正是最需要受到保护的区域,所以再联系第二段Now,where every 100 fish once thrived,fewer than three would remain.即使有100条鱼,而最后剩下的会不到3条,这恐怕就是罪魁。故知C日本海域是正确答案。

4.B。细节对比题。第六段将大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼和太平洋金枪鱼做对比,讲述了大西洋的渔业国家所采取的严格措施,使其数量正在逐步回升Bluefin tuna in the eastern Atlantic are now on course toward recovery.该段承上启下,给太平洋地区的渔业国家提出了切实的可行方案。

5.A。主旨大意推理题,也揭示了作者想要通过此文呼吁的主题。由最后一段Nations need to make good on their international commitments to put long-term ocean health ahead of short-term national interest.可知,渔业国家应该向大西洋地区一样,着眼于海洋生态系统平衡的长远利益而不只是国家短期的经济利益。故选A,而不论B、C还是D,都讲的是一些普遍的细则,这些规定其实早就是惯例,只是在太平洋地区始终贯彻得不好。

PASSAGE 3

Task 1:

1.vii.Paragraph G:“Tritium fuel has drawbacks”同义句可判定。

2.viii.Paragraph B:描述fusion实验过程及温度等要求。

3.ix.Paragraph E:段落开头描述问题,及段中原文“Whyte says TAE will have to improve heat retention 1,000-fold if it is to reach its goals.”“It’s good progress but there’s still a way to go,”描述可推断答案。

4.x.Paragraph F:段首描述“TAE is confident its next machine”可推断答案。

5.xi.Paragraph C:段落第二句开始对FRC进行具体解释,可推断答案。

6.xii.Paragraph D:段首描述:“In TAE’s latest machine”latest对应upgraded,及后续内容的描述可推断答案。

Task 2:

7.sustaining high temperatures

(from Paragraph A:“its latest device can sustain high temperatures”)

8.radioactive waste

(from Paragraph B:“…generated from abundant fuels and producing limited radioactive waste”)

9.A magnetic field

(from Paragraph C:“The whirling motion of the charged particles in an FRC generates a magnetic field that helps confine the plasma inside it.”)

10.cool electrons

(from Paragraph E:“Cool electrons cause drag on the incoming particle beams,reducing their effectiveness.”)

11.high energy neutrons

(from Paragraph G:“and the deuterium-tritium reaction produces high energy neutrons,”)

Part 3 Translation

According to China’s official website,“The Internet Plus”was listed as one of the major economic keywords of 2015,and also known as buzzword in the two sessions of that year.It refers to the application of the Internet and other information technology in conventional industries.It is an incomplete equation where various Internets(mobile Internet,cloud computing,or big data,etc.)can be added to other fields,fostering new industries and business development in China.The newly launched strategy will open new frontiers for China’s economy and provide a world of opportunities to China’s Internet companies.

Unit 5

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.F。to引导不定式,空格中需要填一个动词原形,本句意为“大部分人都随身携带手机,没有必要再设计一款手表去和手机竞争”,所以填compete,compete with…有“和……竞争”之意,compare只是“比较”。

2.K。have to后面用动词原形,后半句是宁愿不增加手表的功能,所以能推断前半句为“如果要我放弃或牺牲手表的外形设计的话”,compromise有“妥协,牺牲”之意。

3.N。此处由冠词a/an推断出该填名词,本句意思为“和在制造指针式机械表方面的……决裂是品牌定位潜在的噩梦”,自然是和名誉reputation决裂。

4.B。后面的interface为名词,由此可初步断定该填形容词。选项中有innovative,long和short,虽然后面两个词勉强能凑合,但innovative为“创新的”,结合上下文,前面说到传统钟表生产商摒弃从前的名誉是很痛苦的,然后说日本这个公司就是一个例子,他们出了这款带有液晶显示和“新颖的”LED接口的手表,完全能说通,所以此处答案为innovative。

5.E。此处讲的这款手表可作为阻止接收过量来自手机信息的“手段、方式”,所以填means,a means of…意为“……的方式、方法”。

6.C。此处由to可判断需要动词,若填“forbid”,意思就是让人们花更多时间在屏幕上,有悖常理,所以该填allow,意思是要让人们花更少的时间在屏幕上,allow sb.to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“允许某人做某事”。

7.L。此处首先由keep可判断出后面接动名词形式,结合上一题理解,这款表是要人们花更少的时间在屏幕上,而非把人们引导回到屏幕上,所以只有directing切合这个含义,而非limiting。

8.J。此处首先由…has…an application可以断定该填及物动词的过去分词形式,选项中有developed意为“开发”,deviated意为“使偏离”,自然该是为苹果手表研发的application(应用软件),因此答案为developed。

9.I。上一句提到这位品牌创始人是否相信智能手表的外观会一直保留机械手表的传统设计,回答是“仅仅是一段时间”,然后他说到“在‘一定时间内’智能手表保持传统外观是很重要的”,这个时间是多长呢?结合上一句理解,自然该是in the short term,短时间内,而非in the long term。

10.A。此处由will判断后面接动词原形,后面介词为into,只有evolve可选,evolve into意为“发展为,演变为”之意,这里是说智能表的外观最终会演变为没有任何限制的,颠覆传统的外形设计。同时,此句再次确认了第9题的答案为short。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.M。本句意为“大部分雇主认为毕业生们不能胜任他们所应聘的工作”。根据M段全段,尤其是…only 39% of managers feel that students are ready for the workforce,以及Four million jobs are unfilled because jobseekers lack the skills employers need.两句可判断。

2.F。本句意为“无论在哪所大学就读,工科毕业生总能享受良好的经济回报”。根据F段的第一句(即主题句)Unsurprisingly,engineering is a good bet wherever you study it.以及全段的例子可综合判断。

3.J。本句意为“一旦大学毕业生开始偿还其学生债务,其中15%的人会在不到3年的时间内开始拖欠偿还债务”。根据J段第四句细节15% of borrowers default within three years of entering repayment可判断。注意数字15%及根据default(拖欠、违约)一词可知。

4.C。本句意为“美国学生总是被告知‘大学教育能帮助他们跻身中产阶级’”。根据C段第二句话American schoolkids pondering whether to take on huge student loans are constantly told that college is the gateway to the middle class.可判断。

5.O。本句意为“随着先进学习科技的发展,许多传统大学迟早会不得不减少教育成本,提高教育质量”。根据O段第二句In time,transparency and technology will force many colleges to cut costs and raise quality.以及本段中的online education实例可判断。

6.G。本句意为“除了一些教育严谨的大学的毕业生外,大部分艺术及人文学科毕业生的经济回报情况很糟糕”。G段第二行An art degree from rigorous school…后面,又转折,其他学校就make$147,000 less,46 generated a return…由此,答案为G。

7.A。本句意为“因为美国会说西班牙语的人很多,所以Styles女士得到西班牙语学位后钱挣得很少”。根据A段中最后两句But there is no shortage of Spanish speakers in a nation that borders Latin America.So Ms.Styles found herself working in a clothes shop and a fast food restaurant for no more than$11 an hour.可判断。

8.N。本句意为“一些美国人开始要求大学明确告诉他们具体的大学教育费用及未来可能的经济回报”。根据N段中第二句As Americans start to realise how much a bad choice can hurt them,they will demand more transparency.以及段末the University of Texas的例子可综合判断。注意对transparency一词的理解,意为“信息公开”。

9.D。本句意为“即使拥有了大学教育,许多大学毕业生最后仍陷入糟糕的经济状况中,如果他们当年一拿到高中文凭就工作的话,经济状况还要好一些”。根据D段最后一句…many students end up worse off than if they had started working at 18.可判断。

10.J。本句意为“与通货膨胀率和不变的大学毕业生工资相比,大学生债务增长了很多”。根据J段中第一句和第二句可判断。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.B。考查学生理解细节和类比转化的能力。第二段中能使frog感觉不到威胁的cold water在此时类比为让人类感觉不明显的普通天气,即第三段中的normal weather。A、C均为真实的寒冷,非cold water感觉不到之所喻;D为极热天气引发的负面情绪,与环境cold water无关。所以答案为B。

2.B。考查学生理解细节的能力。Tweet的数量反映的是人们对极端天气的关注程度,越关注发贴子越多,答案在第四和第五段之中。A为发帖子的作者的数量,与帖子数量没有直接的关系;C为非凡事物的数量,职业和非凡事物tweet都能反映,但都和tweet的数量没有直接正比的反映关系;D在谈到tweet时没有提到。所以答案为B。

3.D。考查学生理解细节和同义/近义表达的能力。原文第七段中indicating that social normalization of extreme conditions rather than adaptation is driving these results意思是社会对极端天气的观念正常化,而没有采取必要的调适措施而导致这些结果。因此D为正确答案,mitigation policies亦为下一句同义复述中采用的adaptation的近义词。A为温水煮蛙效应,是伴随人们极端天气观念正常化的必然结果,与题意正好相反;B为人为的天气变化,是极端天气观念正常化的原因,而非伴随之结果;C为人们对全球变暖的接受,与极端天气观念正常化为近义表达,所以不是答案。

4.C。考查学生根据事实和观点进行推断的能力。原文第八段有polar vortexes(极地涡旋),a catastrophic hurricane(灾难性的飓风),the worst droughts等极端天气,根据原文第四段They found people tended to tweet when temperatures were unusual for a specific time of year.可以推测tweet会在这段极端天气乍现的时间大量涌现,所以答案为C。B与文意正好相反,tweet反而减少,不对;D是作者呼吁的对策,但是由于没有引起大众足够的关注所以尚未有对治的措施,因此不对;A中各项极端天气为第八段所提到,但并非大量增加,所以也是不正确的。

5.A。这是考查学生理解整篇文章主旨和写作意图的能力。在第一段、第七段和第十段中均有阐释。B中由于增加了of all kinds太泛,因此不正确;D本身观点正确,亦为原文第四段所提到,但也不是文章的主旨;C谈到的是大众媒介tweet的作用,不是本文的主旨,也并非必不可少,所以错误;A是全文的主旨,意为人们已经对极热的天气习以为常,没有注意到(像青蛙一样身处被逐渐上升的气温烹煮的环境)危险,而这正是作者要警示所有读者的。在文章的第一段作为thesis statements就明示了。因此答案为A。

PASSAGE 2

Task 1:

1)sex-biased;incorrect;instant;unforgiving

此填空题综合了文章第一二段的部分信息。第一段中有“…Mori,…complained…the fierce global reaction was instant and unforgiving.”的信息。第二段中有“Mori’s remarks were not only sex-biased,but in fact incorrect.”的信息。所以答案为这四个单词。

2)two;34

此答案在第二段中。经第二段中的原句“A much cited 1993 review of 56 studies of speaking patterns in meetings found only two showing that women talked more;34 found men talked more—and in the remaining parts the sexes behaved similarly.”稍加改动而成。

3)heeded;respected;retained

此答案在第三段中。第三段中的原句“To benefit,however,companies must ensure that people with different perspectives are heeded,respected and retained(雇佣)rather than just present,hated with complaints or ignored.”中有这三个单词。

4)exclusion;disrespect

此答案在第十二段中。原句“Their discomfort may reveal itself in small acts of exclusion or disrespect.”有这两个单词。

5)mixed sex;performance

此答案在十四段中。原句为“Drawing on research that suggests mixed sex teams improve performance,she says,‘you want people who are socially focused and thinking about the community,and you also want people who will be confidently firm and raise challenging issues’.”这里的“make use of”即是原句中的“draw on”。

6)resisters;interfere with;hate

此答案在第十五段中。原句为“The challenge for managers at all levels is to bring the resisters along,while not allowing them to interfere with the contributions of people they hate.”原句中的“The challenge”改为“It is challenging”。

7)Zoom calls;remote working

此答案在第十六段中。原句为“Zoom(手机云视频会议软件)calls and remote working have made it harder for people to develop the kinds of personal ties that allow for honest discussion.”此处进行了倒装,并把原句中的“harder”变成了“more difficult”。

Task 2:

1)NO

原文第四段句子“Years of progress toward improved sex and racial equality are under threat as women and racial minorities disproportionately(不成比例地)bear the burden of helping their families cope with the Covid-19 pandemic(全球性瘟疫).”中progress搭配为“are under threat”意为“受到威胁”,即“受阻”;但此处搭配为“are undergone in a large scale”,意为大规模发展,意思正好相反,所以错误。

2)NO

原文第六段句子“Board diversity is not optional for me,”says Dame Louise Makin,newly appointed chair of Halma,the FTSE 100 maker of safety technologies.”中“Board diversity”搭配为“is not optional”,意为“必须的”;这里为“is selective”,意为“可选的”,意思正好相反,所以错误。

3)YES

从原文第八段中这两句”A McKinsey survey of 40,000 US workers at 47 companies found that one in four women was considering leaving the workforce or downshifting career because of the pandemic.That rose to one in three for mothers,nearly double the rate for fathers.”可以推测,父亲的比率为六分之一,所以答案正确。

4)YES

从原文第十段中原句“While few people are as frank as Mori,his resentment of contributions from women,and others he perceived as outsiders,is not uncommon.”中可以看到,not uncommon即为common,即此处的commonly seen。所以答案正确。

5)NOT GIVEN

从原文第十六段这两句“Zoom(手机云视频会议软件)calls and remote working have made it harder for people to develop the kinds of personal ties that allow for honest discussion.That puts the duty on team leaders.”可知,倡导Zoom calls和remote working给团队领队增加了责任。题干中说并不总是团队领队的责任,或者是否还有其它相应人士的责任等,原文没有说到,所以答案为“NOT GIVEN”。

PASSAGE 3

1.A。信息简化题。考点为考查学生对长难句理解分析后的信息简化及语境中多义词的理解能力。Parallel有“平行线”的意思,也有“相同的,类似的”意思,这儿是指后者;parallel shift表示“类似的变化”。Make-up有“化妆品”的意思,也有“构造”的意思;这儿genetic make-up表示“基因的构造”。D答案和B答案后面都是“与基因相关的化妆品”,不对;C答案前面为“平行线的”,也不对。因此答案是A。

2.B。修辞目的题。提问作者举例的目的,考查学生观点和举例论证相联系的逻辑思维能力。第四段中引用的纽约鼠食物和巴黎鼠食物的两个例子实际上是对于第一段总述,第二段第一句同义复述和第三段第一句同义复述的两个举例。A答案是第三段提到的,有正确性但没有和两例证中的关键词“食物”挂钩,所以不对;C答案是第二段提到的,是和健康性有关,也和食物没有直接联系,而且也不是两个举例证实的,所以不对;D答案引入了对diet的理解:diet有食物的意思,但on diet就成了“节食”的意思,产生了变化。而且答案说老鼠除例举的两种食物外“不吃别的东西”太绝对,显然是不可能的,而且原文也没有特别说到。D答案由于这两点原因也不正确。所以B是正确的。

3.C。细节排除题。考查学生对阅读文章中包含的各类深度细节信息的理解掌握程度和综合分析的能力。老鼠基因变化的原因贯穿全文,作者说到了多个相关原因。与B“时空”有关,第五段中有DNA changes over the centuries和from the countryside and into cities分别表示时间和空间导致基因变异,所以B正确;与A“现代城市生活”有关,第二段第一句提到“人类和鼠在基因结构上有相似的改变是由于现代城市生活”,所以A正确;以及与D选项diet,behavior and movement有关,第五段提到“基因变化与食物,行为和活动有关”,所以D正确。C选项为自然环境,文章中没有提到和变异的基因有关系,因此判断出答案为C。

4.D。细节题。考查学生区分观点和细节支撑的差异以及推断的能力。第七段是概括的假设,而第八段和第九段都是基于假设上的两个试验。第七段中作者谈到…the scientists believe that it is possible that similar shifts have happened in both species,即科学家们认为人类和老鼠可能有相似的变化。而第八段是科学家教老鼠怎样驾驶的试验,第九段是运用一种酶在老鼠身上做试验以帮助人类戒烟,都是基于第七段假设“人类和老鼠可能有相似的变化”的进一步试验。A答案是“酶可以在今后被人类所运用”,和九段最后一句“that the enzyme could be developed for human use in the future”表达的这种特定的酶意思有出入,而且由于与老鼠无关,所以由它为原因不可能用老鼠做试验,所以不是正确答案;C答案是由第九段倒数第二句延伸而来,用了一般现在时表示普遍情况,意思是“这种酶导致老鼠们的尼古丁吸入量减少”,是第九段试验中出现的现象之一,不是做九段试验的原因,所以也不正确;而B答案是第四段最后一句的内容,意思是“中国东北的黑龙江省是褐家鼠的原产地”,并不是第九段用酶做试验的原因,所以也不对;D是第八段和第九段试验的理论假设,也是做后面两个试验的原因,由此可以断定答案为D。

5.A。总结题。考查学生概括大意,识别作者写作意图及细微区别表达的能力。A为第一段的同义复述,即文章的中心“老鼠适应了现代人类生活,甚至适应了其居住城市的食物”;C为第五段最后一句前半部分的复述,是“基因的改变与老鼠的食物,行为和活动相联系”,单表达是正确的,但不全面,没有说到和现代人类生活的联系,非全文的主旨,所以不是正确答案;B答案是第七段后半部分的同义复述,“人类与老鼠的物种可能有相似的改变”,这个是基于老鼠的食物根据所在城市而改变的现象上的科学家的推论,但并未被证实,另外和人类现代生活也没有联系,所以也不对;D答案为第六段第一句中节选的内容,意为“城市的老鼠不得不活动在与自然居住环境大相径庭的高度人工的环境中”,是解释老鼠基因变异的原因,和本文关键词“食物”无关,所以也是不正确的。因此答案为A。

Part 3 Translation

Crowd funding refers to funding a project by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people,which has been generally operated via Internet-mediated registries nowadays,but the concept can be extended to be executed through mail-order subscriptions.It is predicted by the World Bank that the global marketing scale of the crowd funding could have been developed to$300 billion by 2025,ranging from agriculture,catering industry,film industry to housing.Crowd funding has become a new money-raising spree of Internet Finance which includes donating and purchasing stock equity and creditor’s rights.The rapid development of crowd funding mode has brought about infinite possibilities for entrepreneurs.But meanwhile,many characteristics such as easy access to the market,small scale,etc.may trigger the crowd funding into some potential traps.

Unit 6

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.M。根据上下文,可以推知此处表示“显著的例外”,所以选notable。

2.G。根据语法,此处应为形容词。而且,结合后面一句中提到让我们的祖先(our ancestors)开心的情形也(also)在今天(today)也能促进幸福。由上下文推知此处表示“进化心理学”,所以选evolutionary。

3.A。根据上下文,此处选boost,表示提高幸福感。

4.F。此处使用struggled表示我们的祖先努力维持合作和互惠,且语法上和该句中的lived一词形成并列关系。

5.O。根据语法,此处应选一名词和cooperation并列,根据上下文,选择reciprocity表合作互惠。

6.E。根据语法,此处应选一副词修饰intelligent,表示极其聪明的人。

7.K。根据语法此处应选一名词,要和下文中的lower意思搭配,由上下文推断此处选frequency,表示和朋友进行社交活动的频率。

8.C。根据语法此处应选一名词,由上下文可知此处应选reality,表示更容易地适应新的实际情况。

9.J。固定搭配spend...(in)doing...,此处根据上下文选socializing表用于社交、联谊。

10.D。根据语法此处应选一名词,由上下文可知此处应选objective表致力于其他一些更长远的目标。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.C。从本段第一句Such success has inevitably produced criticism.可知TED的成功不可避免地带来了批评。后面几句提到来自各个行业的具体批评。

2.G。从本段第一句TED uses a shrewd combination of paid-for and free products,the purpose of the latter being to generate buzz.可知TED精明地采用付费产品与免费产品结合的经营方式。免费产品造势,付费产品获利。

3.B。从本段最后一句…an invitation to speak at TED can turn an obscure academic into a superstar expert and a struggling journalist into a celebrated writer.可知只要受邀在TED演讲,无名小卒也可以一炮走红。

4.I。从本段最后一句…about half of the speakers at each conference are chosen by competitive auditions that take place all over the world and are theoretically open to anyone.可知TED有一半的演讲者是用全球海选的方式产生,因此从理论上说每个人都有机会在TED大会上演讲。

5.K。根据本段A striking number of TED talks preach that you can have it all,a great career and a fulfilled life,if only you work hard and follow your passion.可知TED宣扬兢兢业业确保事业成功,生活美满这一传统观念。从TED meetings have a revivalist feel…和It is revealing that Mr.Anderson is the son of missionaries…可以判断TED像现代的传教士。

6.E。本段提到的disruptive innovation“破坏性创新”这一概念最初由哈佛商学院教授Clayton M.Christensen提出,是指在市场已经饱和的产业,新进企业通过创新获得竞争优势,成功之后反过来改变原有的市场格局。从The ideas business was already overcrowded when TED began to flex its muscles.可知TED涉足创意产业时,这个行业已经饱和。结合第一句,可知TED作为新进企业,只能通过创新获得成功。

7.F。从本段最后一句And he provided TED with both a powerful business model and a pipeline of polished output.可知TED具有强大的商业模式和源源不断的高品质产品输出。从第三句…turning a cult conference into a multimedia phenomenon…得知Mr.Anderson把一个小众的集会变成了一种媒体现象,创造了TED奇迹。

8.D。根据本段There is certainly some truth in these criticism…But criticism must be tempered by admiration for what TED has achieved.可知作者认为人们对TED的批评虽然有一定道理,但它的成就却是值得赞誉的。

9.H。本段第一句To ensure quality it sends all speakers a stone tablet engraved with the TED Commandments…中的Commandments指《圣经·旧约》的十戒,由此可知,为了确保质量,TED有严格的规定,就像《圣经》中的戒条一样。第二句谈到TED演讲的时间控制在18分钟,既够严谨也能维持观众的注意力。这些措施都是为了确保演讲的质量。

10.J。从本段最后一句It champions tech solutions to problems:its talks tend to give the impression that there is no ill in the world that cannot be solved with a laptop and an internet connection.可知大多数TED演讲者认为用现代技术可以解决所有问题。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.A。主旨题。考查读者对文章主要内容的理解。由文章各段首句可知,本文主要介绍了在OSIRIS-REx绕小行星Bennu飞行期间,科学家的一些出乎意料的发现,所以答案为A。B答案错在不是全文主要内容,只是文章的一个次要内容,且由第二段The revelation is just one of many surprises that scientists have learned about Bennu,ever since OSISIR-REx reached the asteroid late last year.和Launched in 2016,OSIRIS-REx is tasked with…两句可知,OSIRIS-REx是在2016年发射的,且在去年底抵达Bennu行星,但并不能证明抵达时间就是2016年底。C和D答案的问题在于它们都仅仅只是科学家对小行星Bennu的其中一个研究发现,因此不是全文的主要内容。

2.C。细节题。综合文章首句,第二段Launched in 2016,OSIRIS-REx is tasked with eventually grabbing a sample from Bennu and then returning it back to Earth,to help scientists better study asteroids—remnants of the early Solar System.But before that happens,…和第三段首句That’s led to a few unexpected discoveries,…OSIRIS-REx抵达小行星Bennu后,并没有立即着陆取样,而是绕其飞行,进行了一系列研究。而文中也没有提到在完成取样后,OSIRIS-REx是否还要绕该小行星飞行一段时间,所以A答案不对。由文章第一句NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft made an astonishing discovery about the asteroid it has been orbiting since December和Launched in 2016,OSIRIS-REx is tasked with…一句可知OSIRIS-REx是NASA在2016年发射的,且在某一年的12月开始绕小行星Bennu飞行。但由文章信息并不能确定发射时间是2016年12月,所以B答案不对。由第二段最后一句But before that happens,the OSIRIS-REx mission team is trying to learn as much as it can about the asteroid using the spacecraft’s instruments.可知,OSIRIS-REx携带的仪器不止一件。由文章第五段Scientists gathered data on the asteroid using telescopes both on the Earth and in space.和第六段Sandy regions are perfect for grabbing a small collection of particles,especially with the sampler attached to the OSIRISREx spacecraft.这两句话可知,此行OSIRIS-REx必然携带了取样器,但不一定携带有望远镜,即使有携带望远镜,由文章内容也不能确定携带的望远镜数量只有一个,更不能确定其携带的仪器设备仅有一个望远镜和一个取样器,所以答案D错误。

3.C。细节题。文章第二段Launched in 2016,OSIRIS-REx is tasked with eventually grabbing a sample from Bennu and then returning it back to Earth,to help scientists better study asteroids—remnants of the early Solar System.一句破折号后部分是对asteroids一词的解释,remnant即残余,剩余之意,所以C答案正确。由文章第一段The asteroid,named Bennu,has ejected materials up to 11 times since the spacecraft has been there.这一句子可知,小行星Bennu在飞船抵达后向太空喷射物质达11次,但并不表示每月喷射11次,所以A答案错误。由文章第二段和第三段首句The revelation is just one of many surprises that scientists have learned about Bennu.和That’s led to a few unexpected discoveries,some of which were detailed today in the journal Nature.可知,当科学家发现该行星的实际情况和预计情况不符,有不少超出预期的令人惊讶的发现,所以B答案不对。虽然由第三段the asteroid is also much more rugged than scientists originally thought…一句可知,小行星Bennu表面比科学家原本认为的更崎岖不平,但由第五段Based on how Bennu’s temperature changes and how light reflected off the rock,the OSIRIS-REx team interpreted that there were a lot of smooth areas of fine grains on the surface of the asteroid—like large patches of sand—and very few boulders.可知,根据科学家在造访该行星前的进一步研究,该行星表面并不都是由岩石覆盖,也有较平缓的沙地,所以D答案不正确。

4.A。信息简化题。结合第二段中Launched in 2016,OSIRIS-REx is tasked with eventually grabbing a sample from Bennu and then returning it back to Earth,to help scientists better study asteroids—remnants of the early Solar System.But before that happens,the OSIRISREx mission team is trying to learn as much as it can about the asteroid using the spacecraft’s instruments.两句可知,虽然该小组的最终任务是要从小行星Bennus取样并将其带回地球,但在进行取样之前,小组利用飞船上的仪器尽可能多地对该小行星进行研究,所以A答案正确。由文章第三段中That’s led to a few unexpected discoveries,some of which were detailed today in the journal Nature.和第四段中的句子We’re going to try to meet that schedule,Dante Lauretta,the principal investigator for the OSIRIS-REx mission,tells The Verge.We don’t see any reason why we couldn’t.可知,本期的Nature杂志详述的是对小行星Bennu的一些超乎意料的发现,而Dante Lauretta是对The Verge表的小组对完成任务充满信心,并没有解释充满信心的原因,所以B答案不正确。由文章第一段最后一句话But no one is sure what exactly is causing these bursts.可知,现在还没有人知道小行星Bennu为什么会向太空喷射物质,所以C答案不正确。由第五段最后两句话Scientists gathered data on the asteroid using telescopes both on the Earth and in space.Based on how Bennu’s temperature changes and how light reflected off the rock,the OSIRIS-REx team interpreted that there were a lot of smooth areas of fine grains on the surface of the asteroid—like large patches of sand—and very few boulders.和第六段头两句话That made the asteroid an ideal place to visit.Sandy regions are perfect for grabbing a small collection of particles,especially with the sampler attached to the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft.可知,科学家在取样以前,即通过地球和太空望远镜收集小行星Bennu的数据,并通过该小行星的温度变化和岩石的光线反射情况断定该小行星的地理条件利于OSIRISREx携带的取样器取样,而不是在登陆小行星后才得出的这一结论,所以D答案错误。

5.B。细节题。结合文章最后两句话The probe has a robotic arm that will extend out toward Bennu and gently tap its surface for just five seconds.和During that short period,the sampler will fire nitrogen gas,stirring up the particles on the asteroid and causing them to shoot up inside the spacecraft.可知,文章最后一句话解释了采样器采样的过程,句首的During that short period就是指代的前一句末尾所说的for just five seconds,所以B答案正确。由文章最后一句可知,取样器本身并不能喷射出氮气气流将样本推入飞船,而是通过快速燃烧氮气搅动小行星上的颗粒物,从而使它们进入飞船,所以A答案不正确。同样由文章最后一段中Sandy regions are perfect for grabbing a small collection of particles,especially with the sampler attached to the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft.一句后半部分可知采样器是固定在the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft上的,所以C答案错误。由文章最后一段中Sandy regions are perfect for grabbing a small collection of particles,especially with the sampler attached to the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft.这句话可知,任务组的采样器适用于在沙地中攫取少量颗粒;再结合该段第二句The probe has a robotic arm that will extend out toward Bennu and gently tap its surface for just five seconds.可知采样器探针的机械臂只能轻拍行星表面五秒钟,并不能长时间或反复工作,所以采样器可迅速采集大量样本的说法不成立,因此D答案错误。

PASSAGE 2

Task 1:

1.ii这两个自然段明确解释了Díade los Muertos翻译为英语意为“亡灵节”,并概括介绍了该节日的时间、庆祝的国家等基本信息,所以答案为ii。

2.iv这两个自然段追溯了亡灵节的历史,说明它的古老起源可以追溯到大约3000年前的阿兹特克人和不同的中美洲文明,之后因为西班牙征服者的达到带来的文化融合发展为现代的亡灵节,所以答案为iv。

3.v这两个自然段指出,亡灵节的目的是纪念和庆祝死者的生活,是对生命的庆祝,并且列举出了本节日的主要庆祝活动,所以答案为v。

4.i这两个自然段明确指出,Díade los Muertos的庆祝活动集中在墓地周围,并且详细解释了在墓地周围庆祝的原因以及祭坛的装饰情况等,所以答案为i。

5.vi这两个自然段一开始就明确提到了头骨是最重要的符号之一,并讲述了相关典故,所以答案为vi。

6.iii这两个自然段使用祈使句的形式告诉读者庆祝此节日应该注意和确保的事项,所以答案为iii。

Task 2:

7.composite本题句子主要在讲亡灵节的起源和发展,答案来自G自然段“When the Spanish conquistadors arrived,they brought Catholicism and the Catholic holidays All Saints’Day and All Souls’Day(on November 1 and 2,respectively).The resulting cultural composite led to the modern-day Día de Los Muertos and its early November date.”

8.celebrate摘要中此句在讲亡灵节的目的是庆祝什么。答案在H自然段“Despite the misconceptions,the purpose of Día de los Muertos is to remember and celebrate the lives of the deceased,rather than to mourn their deaths—in other words,Día de los Muertos is a celebration of life!”一句中。

9.return摘要中这部分为原因状语从句,旨在说明为什么亡灵节是庆祝,而不是哀悼。答案来自E自然段中“The holiday is believed to reunite the living and the dead,as the souls of the deceased return for Día de los Muertos to celebrate with their families.”这句话。

10.graveyards本句在讲人们在哪里庆祝亡灵节。答案在J自然段的第一句话“It might seem unusual at first,but celebrations of Día de los Muertos are centered around graveyards...”。

11.altars本句汇总了亡灵节的主要庆祝活动,答案在K自然段第一句“One of the most elaborate aspects of Día de los Muertos are the beautifully decorated altars,called ofrendas(“offerings”),....”。

12.laughter本句作为摘要的总结句,再次总结亡灵节是为了纪念和庆祝,而不是哀悼,因此人们需要记住笑声在庆祝活动中的关键作用。答案在I自然段的第一句中“Present-day celebrations include music,dancing and other expressions of liveliness,with laughter also playing a key role in the celebrations.”

PASSAGE 3

1.D。细节排除题。由本段第一句话Europe is home to some extraordinary wealth creators who often try to hide their success.即本段中心句可知,整段话主要是用三个例子说明欧洲有一些出类拔萃却不显山露水的发家致富之人。第一个例子由Ingvar Kamprad,a Swedish farmer’s son,constructed IKEA,a seller of flat-pack furniture that became a global giant with annual revenues of38bn($47bn).He died at the age of 91 on January 27th,after a famously frugal life.这两句话给出,说英格瓦·坎普拉德出身于瑞典的一个农民家庭,打造了宜家——一个组装家具经销商,也是年收入380亿欧元的全球巨头。以节俭闻名的他于1月27日去世,享年91岁。所以答案A和B正确。第二个例子由Amancio Ortega,the Spanish son of a railway worker,founded Inditex,a fast fashion giant,and shuns any media attention.这句话给出,意思是阿曼西奥·奥尔特加是一位西班牙铁路工人之子,创立了快销时尚巨头Inditex,却从不在媒体里曝光。所以答案C正确。由本段最后一句Then there is the reclusive Reimann family of Germany,members of which reportedly take a vow at the age of 18 not to talk publicly about their business,JAB Holding,a Luxembourg-based investment group.可知,德国雷曼家族是一个避世的家族,有报道称家族成员要在18岁时要发誓不公开谈论自己的企业,所以D答案说这个家族喜欢生活在聚光灯下是错误的。

2.A。信息简化题。本句话理解的难度在于用到了拟人和暗喻的修辞手法。句中gulp down这一词组为“大口吞吃,一口吞下”之意,stay in the shadows意为待在阴影里,结合上下文,其实是说JAB以疯狂的速度吞并知名大企业的作风使它很难保持低调。所以A答案对句意的解释最为全面。B、C两个答案同样只涉及了原句的一部分句意,且JAB公司总是能在和其他公司的竞争中胜出和因总是能快速击败竞争对手而著称的说话和原句意思存在出入,同样不够准确。D答案只涉及了一部分句意,且refuge from observation意为“躲避观察”并不准确。

3.C。细节题。根据本文第二段最后两句话On January 29th it said it will pay$18.7bn in cash(plus some shares)to buy Dr Pepper Snapple,the world’s fifth-biggest maker of soft drinks,which has roots dating back to 1885.It will be combined with Keurig Green Mountain,an American coffee producer that JAB bought in 2016 for$14bn.可知1月29日,JAB公司表示将以187亿美元现金(外加部分股票)收购世界第五大软饮料制造商,1885年成立的Dr Pepper Snapple,并与JAB于2016年以140亿美元收购美国咖啡生产商Keurig Green Mountain合并。因此C答案正确。A答案错在Keurig Green Mountain并不是由Dr Pepper Snapple收购的。B答案错在Dr Pepper Snapple在世界软饮料制造商中仅排在第五位,并不是“the leader”。D答案错误在JAB收购Dr Pepper Snapple除了使用现金,还外加了部分股票。

4.B。细节排除题。本段第一句话为中心句,意为JAB在美国专注于消费品企业,尤其是咖啡产商,这表明它希望与雀巢和星巴克这样的巨头竞争。在之后的拓展句中,作者从两方面举例支撑自己的观点。In the past couple of years it also paid$1.35bn for Krispy Kreme,a maker of doughnuts and coffee,and$7.5bn for Panera Bread,a bakery chain with over 2,000 outlets.That deal was touted as one of the biggest in the global restaurant industry.其中这句表示过去几年,JAB斥资13.5亿美元收购了甜甜圈和咖啡制造商Krispy Kreme,并斥资75亿美元收购了拥有逾2 000家门店的烘焙连锁店Panera Bread。这笔交易号称是全球餐饮业最大的交易之一。在An earlier plan to emulate Europe’s luxury groups,such as France’s LVMH,in building collections of brands has been dropped.Last year JAB offloaded Jimmy Choo,a maker of shoes,for$1.2bn.It hopes also to sell Bally,another luxury firm.这三句说此前一项效仿法国路易威登(LVMH)等欧洲奢侈品集团打造品牌系列的计划已遭弃。去年,JAB以12亿美元出售了鞋制造商Jimmy Choo,同时还想出售另一家奢侈品公司Bally。由此可知答案ACD正确。B答案错在文中作者只提到JAB想要出售Bally,而不是已经出售。

5.A。段落主旨题。本段需从整体逻辑关系进行理解,虽然段落第一至五句说到JAB经营重点的转变看起来很精明,并且用了具体的例子和数据做为证据,比如本段Consumers,readier to pay more for experiences rather than just products,show an ever-growing fondness for pricey shots of strong coffee,especially those squirted(喷射)via plastic pods.A survey last year found that 41% of American adults drink“speciality”coffee(industry jargon for pricier stuff)daily,up from just 9% in 1999.Many of these are quaffed at home.提到消费者更愿意为体验花钱而不仅仅是产品,他们越来越喜欢昂贵的浓咖啡,尤其是那些家用咖啡机喷射出浓咖啡,2017年的一项调查发现,41%的美国成年人每天喝“特种”咖啡(行业术语,指价格较高的东西),而1999年这一比例仅为9%。其中许多是在家里喝的。而段落中Next,firms want to encourage consumers to down cold drinks—perhaps Dr Pepper Snapple for starters—using similar pod systems.一句说到下一步,一些企业希望鼓励消费者使用类似家用咖啡机来喝冷饮,比如针对入门级消费者的Dr Pepper或Snapple。但段落第五句进行了转折。But being sure of what JAB plans for the future is tricky.一句表明要明确JAB未来的计划是很棘手的。段落最后三句对为什么JAB的未来计划不是那么容易明确做出了解释,这是因为JAB虽然是由专业人士管理的机构,但收购决策是由雷曼家族做出的。鉴于JAB的神秘后台和以往的经营战略转变,很难知道它说强调的长期发展的想法是不是认真的。由此可见,A答案最全面的考虑了整个段落的逻辑和内容。B和C答案错在作者虽然提到了JAB公司经营重点的转变看起来很精明,并且进行了举例说明,但没有考虑到这一部分内容和本文后半段内容的逻辑关系。D答案错在本段中作者给出的例子,并不是为了证明JAB希望与雀巢和星巴克竞争。

Part 3 Translation

The Chinese Government is committed to the protection intellectual property rights,and the steps it has taken in this regard are well recognized.We are not fighting piracy and protecting intellectual property rights under outside pressure.We are doing so to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creators and investors.This is also China’s national interests.A country that does not protect IPR will see its creativity choked and its aspiration for further progress suppressed.That is why Chinese government has taken a tough and firm stand regarding the protection of intellectual property rights.

Unit 7

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.D。文章谈论雾霾日益严重,对我国的巨大影响。第一段主要论及中国人向来具有吃苦耐劳、坚忍不拔的精神。首先空格中应该是个动词,与hardships搭配,表示“忍耐困难,即吃苦耐劳”的意思,所以选D,endure,而不能选择其干扰项obey(该词意思不对)。

2.I。此处空格中应该是个名词,表示“坚忍不拔”的中国精神,所以选I即perseverance,不能选择其干扰项insistence(该词意思为“坚持认为,坚持主张”)。

3.M。第二段介绍了雾霾的严重性,引起了全国人民的担忧。首先此处空格中应该是个形容词,修饰prosperity,句子的意思应该是“中国人民见证了前所未有的经济繁荣”,所以选M即unprecedented。

4.O。此句的意思是“见证了前所未有的经济繁荣的中国人民陷入了对令人窒息雾霾的担忧之中”。空格中应该是个名词,作in的宾语,所以选O即concern。

5.A。首先空格中应该是个名词,另外,此处的意思是“雾霾及污浊的空气迫使人们关闭学校,禁止私人汽车出行”,所以选A即ban,而不是其干扰项cancellation(其意思为“取消”,不能与后面的on搭配,意思也不对)。

6.H。此处是一个倒装结构,正常语序应为as they were…of doctors’warnings,因此空格中应该是个形容词,与of搭配,另外,此处意思为“因为他们很清楚/意识到医生的警告”,所以选H即aware,而不能选择其干扰项recognizable(其意思为“可以辨认出的”,意思不对,也不能与of搭配)。

7.J。首先空格中应该是个名词,另外,从上下文推测文章的意思是“人们对于政府缺乏连贯可行措施感到绝望”,所以选J即lack,而不能选择其干扰项need(意思刚好相反)。

8.B。首先空格中应该是个动词,意思是“延缓雾霾的侵蚀”,所以选B即deter。

9.F。首先空格中应该是个名词,与curb搭配,意思是“在严重情况下抑制二氧化碳的排放”,所以选F即emissions。

10.E。首先,空格中应该是个名词,表示“雾霾继续以更大的强度覆盖大部分地区”,因此选E即fury。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.C。题干意思:婚姻幸福的人认为,婚姻幸福是双方努力经营婚姻的结果。C段的段首句子就提到了婚姻幸福的人们,然后在句子they’ll likely credit some combination of hard work and sheer blind luck.中表达了与题干意思吻合的说法,努力经营再加点儿运气。

2.G。题干意思:在Newton舞会上认识的这对夫妻觉得成功婚姻的秘诀是保持幽默。通过G段第二句话On the night in 1967 that Jackie and Ken Egan met at a dance club in Newton,可以定位段落,段首主题句Being funny is important to couples.和末尾句“You need to learn to find the humor in each other’s annoying habits.It helps you keep the affection,”says Ms.Egan,69.的意思与题干一致,幽默对他们的婚姻很重要。

3.F。题干意思:结婚62年的夫妻认为,婚姻幸福的关键在于沟通交流,而非争吵。从F段中句子Jan and Len Konkel,who have been married for 62 years,可以锁定段落,然后紧接着的主句long ago made a contract to never argue over anything that wasn’t very important与题干意思后半句一致,后面句子Ms.Konkel,84,thinks everything else is minor and can be settled in a discussion.与前半句吻合。

4.E。题干意思:对一位图森市退休医院主任来说,她是通过不断为家庭计划作出调整而成功地经营婚姻的。虽然我们从D段首句To Marlene Critch,a retired hospital director in Tucson,love is all about give and take.可以获得题干前半句的信息,但是这段讲的他们认为相爱就是有付出有获得。在接下来的E段主题句Compromise(妥协),or find the middle ground讲的才是夫妻双方互相让步妥协,这对夫妻都为对方做出了调整,丈夫放弃了飞行的工作,妻子提前退休等。所以E段与题干匹配。

5.J。题干意思:Osburn夫妇在28年的婚姻中曾彼此伤害过。从J段知道Ms.Osbourn and Mr.Osbourn两人都做过一些不好的事情伤害对方,例如Mr.Osbourn曾经差点掐死妻子,Ms.Osbourn也曾经用车撞丈夫。

6.K。题干意思:嫁给了“黑暗王子”的女士认为她维系婚姻的办法就是坚持。从K段中She stuck by her man.When she went into marriage,she thought it was forever.两句可以看出尽管他们的婚姻经历了很多波折,Ms.Osbourn从未放弃。

7.L。题干意思:医院里的年老夫妇认为身体健康是幸福婚姻的秘诀。L段主题句提及婚姻幸福的最后一条秘籍:活着。这对九十多数的夫妇被问及如何让婚姻幸福,他们说是longevity长寿,也就是拥有good health,健康长寿。

8.I。题干意思:扑克玩家的妻子不关心他打牌输还是赢了。H段和I段都在讲这对夫妇的故事,但只有I段里提及Ms.Brunson says that’s just fine with her.I have my own bank account.妻子不关心他打牌输赢,与题干意思一致。

9.C。题干意思:有些长久的婚姻不一定幸福。C段中And there are plenty of long marriages that are unhappy.表达了这个意思。

10.H。题干意思:幸福婚姻的秘诀之一:不把自己的工作全部告诉对方。H段中Keep(some)secrets is necessary for any relationship.表达了这个意思,与题干意思吻合。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.B。主旨题。文章开篇明确指出特许学校(类似国内民办学校)是房地产公司利用联邦政府的钱建成校舍租给学校经营而从中收获巨额利润,因此遭到IRS调查。问特许学校的现状,选项B吻合。选项A说全国普及,范围太广,文中提到主要在一部分州比如新泽西、米尼苏达、加州等开设特许学校。选项C的表述与原文不符,不是公众获利颇丰,而是地产公司。选项D表述不符事实,特许学校曾经风靡一时,第二段提及目前现状正在发生变化,很多学校正在面临清算charter schools face a reckoning。故答案为B。

2.D。细节题。选项A的意思学校之间的竞争原文没有支持,是干扰项。选项B提及政局变化,第二段The political winds have shifted as well,killing the kind of bipartisan agreements that allowed charter schools to blossom.说明政局变化是导致特许学校产生变化的原因,而不是结果,表达相左。文章第四段最后They were designed to foster innovation.与选项D表述相吻合。选项C的意思是给赞助商带来利润,但原文第一段指出主要是房地产公司获取利润,但房地产公司并不是sponsor,charter school是federal money支持的。故答案为D。

3.A。信息简化题。选项B说法有误,文中没有提及教育改革。选项A与文中第六段首句seek to stop that instability吻合,针对第五段提及的复杂信息的分析理解。C的表述不符合事实,第五段说In a number of urban cities,charters have outperformed their public school counterparts.但这并不是新政策带来的效果。D对应的内容是第七段中,这段说新政策和设立Charter Schools的初衷是对立的,设立Charter Schools是为了为公民和教师家长更多的灵活性,但D的表述恰恰相反。故答案为A。

4.D。细节题。第四段末尾offer parents more options beyond traditional schools,还有第七段to allow citizens or teachers or paents to solicit expertise or develop their own ideas,and then we’d give them flexibility to pursue that idea,结合这两处可以判断C是正确的。选项A错误是因为第二段第二句After charters spread rapidly for a generation,under few rules or little oversight in many states,the pace of growth is slowing.说明charters过去是发展很快,而不是紧缩。B不对是因为第一段虽然提到charter system使地产投资商更富有,但不能判定地方经济因此得以发展。选项D对应的信息来源在第四段和第五段,第四段第一句charter school的学生占公立学校学生的6%,第五段说的是in a number of urban cities,但选项D中是urban students,偷换了概念。故答案为C。

5.B。推断题。纵观全文,作者都以较为客观的口吻,描述特许学校目前所面临的困境,从学校的经营理念模式到教学管理法规、新学校的申报审批、招生对象和规模等都传递出特许学校遇到了发展问题,政界和民众都有较大分歧。所以未来充满变数,无法预料,与选项B表述吻合。选项A前景黯淡,是悲观的情绪,但是多方都在为特许学校的后续发展经营探讨磋商,只是情况不太明朗,不见得就令人沮丧失望。选项C指发展势头良好,过去有的州有的学校如此,文章提到很多运营良好的学校教学成果超过了公立学校。但未来不一定。选项D非常乐观,前途美好,与文章不符。故答案为B。

PASSAGE 2

1.TURE 题干意为全球市场存在半导体芯片供应短缺的问题。文章第1段明确指出silicon chips供应短缺,第2段用semiconductors解释替换了silicon chips,分析了导致芯片供应紧缺的主要原因之一是新冠肺炎期间人们在封锁状态下生活娱乐受限,因此室内娱乐项目产生旺盛需求;另外后面提到汽车行业由于芯片短缺严重影响很多跨国公司的原计划生产和经营,有的甚至不得不关闭一些工厂以减少损失;加之高性能高技术含量的芯片生产厂商很少,加剧芯片短缺问题。而过去两年来中国华为、中芯等公司也经历这一问题带来的巨大困扰,可见这是一个全世界所面临的问题。

2.FALSE 题干意为汽车制造商可以不受芯片短缺问题太大影响继续开展生产经营。文章第5段明确指出,Carmakers use semiconductors in everything from power steering and brake sensors,to entertainment systems and parking cameras.The smarter cars get,the more chips they use.智能汽车的许多软硬件都要使用芯片,包括方向盘控制、刹车感应、车载音乐以及停车影像等等,汽车越智能,芯片用得更多。接着6、7、8、9段分别介绍了几个大型跨国汽车企业由此不得不关停部分工厂以免影响公司正常经营运转,所以汽车制造商受该问题困扰较为严重。文章第10段芯片设计师还进一步分析了为何汽车产业受影响最严重的原因:the automotive industry has been hurt the most because it is“incredibly cost conscious.”

3.NOT GIVEN 题干意为芯片生厂商由于新冠疫情期间关闭所有工厂导致未能生产足够的芯片。文章第3段只提及新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间芯片需求猛增是导致芯片短缺的原因之一,并未明确说芯片生产商停产。文章倒数第1、2段讲了高端纳米芯片生厂商较少,是芯片短缺的原因之一。所以纵观全文,作者没有提到芯片厂商关停工厂导致减产和紧缺,虽然芯片行业毫无疑问也受到了疫情的影响。

4.TRUE 题干意为关停部分工厂能缓解诸如通用汽车、福特汽车、大众汽车等公司的芯片短缺问题。文章第7、8、9段分别对这几家汽车公司关停部分工厂的情况做详细介绍,而每一个负责人最后都表达了关停的目的:to mitigate impacts on GM./to make sure that the markets and supply chains remain intact.所以该说法正确,这是维持公司正常经营运行的应急措施。

5.FALSE 题干意为由于市场需求非常有限只有为数不多的公司三星和台积电生产5纳米的微型芯片。文章最后三段围绕着芯片行业的现状展开,专业人士认为芯片行业过于集中垄断,尤其对生产技术、研发、设备都要求非常高的微型芯片更是如此,只有三星和台积电这两家公司愿意投入并生产。因此不是市场需求小的原因,题干表达错误。

6.chip shortage/semiconductor shortage 该句为文章的标题,文章的核心关键词在第一段已经出现:silicon chip/short supply,任务要求只允许填入1-2个词,因此需要把词语组织一下,silicon chip简称chip,用shortage替换掉short supply,因为第二段chip和semiconductor是同位语,所以答案两个都正确。

7.adversely affected 文章第4段引述了Bryce Johnstone的原话“We have seen in the short term,the automotive industry has been very adversely affected,”,题干句子稍作调整,表达汽车行业短期内受到(芯片短缺)影响很大。

8.on hold 题干已知信息为许多汽车生产商近期不得不怎么样,文章7、8、9段都在详细讲采取了关停部分工厂的措施,而第9段首句Several other car manufacturers have also put production on hold in recent weeks.可以找到答案。

9.high concentration 题干已知信息为半导体市场怎么样,文章第11、12段有较为详细的分析介绍。整合第11段首句Hauser said there isn’t enough competition in the semiconductor manufacturing market,pointing to the fact that it has a very high Herfindahl—Hirschman index(赫芬德尔-赫希曼指数),which measures market concentration in a specific industry.的意思,半导体市场竞争小,经营非常集中。可以找到答案high concentration。

10.expensive hi-tech 题干已知信息为生产5纳米的微型芯片需要什么样的设备,文章最后一段提到很少厂商生产微型芯片的原因之一是这个:One of the reasons there are so few 5nm chip manufacturing plants is because they’re expensive,according to Hauser.Building something so small requires hi-tech equipment that isn’t cheap.因此整合这个句子信息,答案为expensive hi-tech。

PASSAGE 3

1.D。主旨题。考查文章主题词Nomophobia。这个词由no+mobile+phobia缩略而来。意为“无手机恐惧症”。选项A一种与手机相关的致命疾病,说得比较严重。选项B手机带来的孤独状态,与题干词意不吻合。选项D惧怕不能用手机,与题干词意一致。选项C使用手机恐惧,不是使用,而是害怕没有手机。故答案为D。

2.A。信息简化题。考查无手机恐惧症的症状和表现。文章第三、四段对无手机恐惧症的具体表现做了非常详细的解释。选项BCD都是从文中提到几种比较复杂的症状表现中选取的部分内容,只有选项A是用手机工作的极端恐惧,与文中所述症状不符。故答案为A。

3.B。细节题。考查文章第五段内容。选项A提及无端焦虑患者焦虑感比普通焦虑感弱,不符合无端焦虑的情况,无端焦虑已经超过普通情况了。选项C与无手机恐惧症状不同,与文中内容相反。选项B会把手机当成抵抗焦虑的工具,与文中第一句话一致。选项D规避他们所到场所的规章制度,文章中主要提及有要求禁用手机的场所如机场、医院、工作地,而非任何场所。故答案为B。

4.C。细节题。文章倒数第三段提到目前没有达成共识的最佳解决无手机恐惧症的办法,但有一些供参考。选项A医院文章没有提到。选项C与句子As in other phobias,the combination of a pharmacological treatment(药物治疗)with cognitive behavioral therapy may be the best option.意思表达接近,目前治疗其它恐惧症的较好的方案是药物与认知行为疗法。选项B和D都在文章最后两段出现,但是只是作为other alternatives备选方案,没有对效果给出具体评价。故答案为C。

5.D。推理题。选项A男性更易患上无手机恐惧症,在文章开篇实验里有明确的数据证明,无须推理。选项B由于当下数字时代无手机恐惧症越来越普遍,文章第一、二、三段都已明确指出。选项D界定和治疗无手机恐惧症比较困难,可以通过文章提及的众多焦虑症状复杂的表现以及研究人员无法提供达成共识的疗法可以推理出来。选项C从现状及文中实验涉及的人们对手机的依赖程度可以看到手机的流行,但并不一定是必要的,也就不一定是很重要,有些只是上瘾而已。故答案为D。

Part 3 Translation

We hear it a lot in the news these days:Recycle newspapers and save a tree.Collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in the manufacturing of new products.

Let’s use paper as an example.The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process,explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled,and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them.Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials.Then,a system of collecting these sorted materials needs to be established.The final key is to increase the demand for recycled resources.

In short,recycling is an important way to protect our planet.

Unit 8

Part 2 Reading Comprehension

Section A Reading in the Context

1.D。文章的开头两句为全文的topic sentences,提到人们会基于电视或电影对一些特定群体的人形成某种固定的印象,从而引出全文的中心词stereotypes,指传统的观念,陈旧并过时的印象。Stereotypes是对第一句话的总结,故答案为D。

2.K。此句从语法上看就可以判断出从句的谓语,所以应为动词,且要和as形成搭配。完整句为You’ve probably seen many shows that depict blondes as being dumb,即为你可能看到许多表演中把金发女郎描述为傻瓜,故答案为K。

3.C。在这个例子中虽然媒体爱把金发女郎描述为智商低下的傻瓜,但事实上金发女性也有非常成功的政客,所以由此可见这些描述并不一定真实可信,故答案为C。realistic为形容词,意思和语法均合适此空。

4.I。ethnicity主要和下文相关,下文举例提到意大利人常常被和黑手党联系,阿拉伯人常常被视为恐怖分子,所以这样的陈腐观念使人们容易把种族和反派人物联系起来。故答案为I。

5.G。此句从语法功能看出从句的谓语,故需要动词。从意思上看主句就提出因为信仰原因,电影制作者经常让阿拉伯人扮演成恐怖分子,show和portray可视作近义词,故答案为G。

6.B。此句是因果从句,当阿拉伯人被描述成邪恶的人物时,人们很容易一看到他们就对他们产生怀疑。所以suspect正好符合题意及语法功能。故答案为B。

7.M。此句为the Arab American community consists of doctors,lawyers,scholars,actors,and many other...医生、律师、学者、演员等都是职业的一种,所以举完例后自然该出现一个总结名词professionals,即多种其他职业人士。故答案为M。

8.F。作者用阿拉伯妇女头上围的传统头巾为例说明人们对他们的传统有错误的成见。人们一看到头巾,就想当然地认为automatically在这里相当于自然而然,想当然地,臆断地,和下文真实的情况形成对比,从而突出national stereotypes有时并不可信的主题,故答案为F。

9.O。不定式to后面应接动词,其次结尾段针对stereotyping的坏处,必然讨论怎么减少或消除stereotypes,从而达到客观公正地去对待每个民族和群体,故答案为O。

10.E。动词address名为陈述、讲述的意思,加上前面的第三人称单数和experience完美搭配,故答案为E。

Section B Reading and Matching

1.E。词义转译题。此句介绍了普利策奖颁发的方式,原文E段中Unlike the Oscars,whose finalists are known weeks in advance,the Pulitzers don’t disclose who was in the running until the day the prizes are announced.已经表明了一样的意思。

2.A。主旨大意题。本句问到了设立普利策新闻奖的目的,关键词是purpose,对应原文由A段的第二句He wanted the prizes to go to the year’s best in journalism and in American arts and letters,as a way to elevate public esteem for the media.得知其目的是通过奖励年度新闻领域的最佳艺术和报道,提升人们对媒体的重视度。故此句和A段主要大意完全对应,应选A。

3.I。主旨大意题。由I段主题句Pulitzer winning projects can produce monumental change可知和本句主要意思部分吻合,再看I段后面的例子如曝光拉斯维加斯的赌场安全问题忽略雇员的健康问题,揭露天主教牧师对年轻教民的性虐待事件等都引起广泛关注和变革,故可总结为普利策新闻奖奖励的一些社会负面新闻的报道可以带来积极的影响。故于I段完全对应。

4.B。主旨大意题。此句指出了新闻奖的奖励范围问题,在B段第一句中我们可以找到比较详细的解释,即普利策新闻奖主要集中在以报纸为媒介的新闻报道方面,也有包含全国性的日报和在线期刊,但是未曾覆盖到电视新闻及杂志领域,除非他们是报纸新闻的有利补充。由这一结论及后面的例子可以和此句对应,即奖励的范畴仍然很窄,故选B。

5.L。细节判断题。搜索时间Forty-two years ago,就可以找到L段最后一句,再对应关键词controversial(有争议性的)就可以把此句和L段最后一句完全对应。

6.G。细节题。本句进一步补充说明普利策奖颁发前的保密性,并用一个例子来说明。根据scanning的原则,首先在原文中搜索到Alexandra Berzon这个人名,但是重点读G段第一句即可对应。

7.K。主旨大意题。K段开头提出普利策奖近年来变化缓慢,尤其是在报刊新闻业和网络融合的时代。但随即又提到因为近期授予了一些最佳的网络新闻和多媒体故事报道而拥有了一些更为年轻的成员,K段原文最后一句…bringing more experience in digital and multimedia journalism.可以被诠释为keep up with the changing media。故此句和K段完整对应。

8.M。细节题。搜索本句关键词The Snow Fall一书,可在M段最后一句顺利找到其相应叙述。

9.D。此句属细节练习题,提及2012年的特色写作奖获奖内容及相关信息,故在D段可以找到对应句。

10.H。细节题。本句提及时间线索in the 1920s and 1930s,搜索到H段,阅读第一、二句可知。soaring对应increasing,made more efforts对应try harder to。此句利用词义转译,对应选H段。

Section C Reading in Depth

PASSAGE 1

1.A。细节题。此题的考点是考查读者是否正确理解foothold(据点)一词。虽然第二段有it has a priority in Asia一句,但是由下文第四段可知中国拥有超过一半的海外销售点,贡献了70%的国际销售额。因此中国市场应该是优衣库公司海外业务拓展的重心,故选A。此题易被a solid base at home误导而选B,也可能只注意到优衣库看重亚洲市场但忽略具体数据而误选D。

2.C。细节题。第三段开头的中心句就告诉读者优衣库的海外业务的成功对于投资者尤为重要。第三段最后一句明确在2018年其国际销售额第一次超过国内,海外业务利润与日本国内利润持平。而且还呈现大幅增长趋势。所以对应选项C最符合题意。A不能根据文章内容推论,因为海外利润增长并不代表日本本国利润萎缩。B只是优衣库的发展目标,D是说明其在国际市场开拓中的困难,也不能说明其成功的重要性。

3.C。细节题。主要考查第四段中的revere和label-obsessed两个词的正确理解。第四段提到中国也是一个不易成功的市场,一是因为过去的战争让中国人对日本比较反感;二是中国人看重品牌,暗指中国人喜欢追逐名牌。但是对品牌再迷也需要一些简单的基本款来搭配,所以选项中的C最客观反映revere一词。A过于夸张,enslaved和completely都错误地表明中国完成成为品牌的奴隶;B太过绝对,表明中国人只喜欢奢侈品;D对应了Chinese consumers are after quality,但rather than后面的信息和原文Chinese consumers tend to revere brands不一致,没能客观地反映他们对品牌的态度。

4.D。细节题。由第五段中Growth in the European heartlands remains elusive for UNIQLO because of the existence of the same business model like Gap.可知因为市场上有类似GAP公司一样的相似的商业模式,优衣库在欧洲市场的发展还是cautionary(令人警醒的)和elusive(难以捉摸的)所以D是elusive的词义转换解释,符合原文。A和B完全否定了其在欧洲市场的成绩,与第五段最后一句不符;C也和原文意思相反,故选D。

5.C。主旨大意题。全文开始就介绍了优衣库多年来坚持发展能经久不衰的基本款,这是一个成功要诀。第二、三、四段着力描写其在亚洲市场上的策略和成功,虽然中国市场上有其特点和困难,但他们雇佣了具有跨文化能力的中国员工,坚持推出中国顾客喜欢的高质量面料及广泛开设销售商店,并在一些亚洲国家拓展业务和根据市场特点相应调整销售商品。这些市场策略都是优衣库成功秘诀。虽然第五段提及其在欧美市场上的困难,但支持全球化发展的优衣库总裁还是对其未来充满信心。A比较片面,只能表明其中一段的内容;B只能反映其总裁未来的目标,但不是全文的主要内容;D与原文的意思相反,所以只有C比较全面,与文章主体意思同。

PASSAGE 2

1.D。主旨大意题。本题问及作者的写作目的。通过阅读全文可知,作者讨论网上发表诽谤或挑衅性帖子的现象,认为产生该现象的重要原因是网络允许人们匿名发表言论,后文讨论为了反对这种行为,不少人诉诸法律。所以,全文的目的是提倡大家反对在网上发表挑衅性言论的行为。A是谴责网络霸凌,B是让大家警惕挑衅性言论,C是为网上匿名的行为辩护,这几点虽然文章都有涉及,但不是文章的重心。

2.B。推理判断题。文章的第二段提到了柏拉图的寓言,Plato observed that even a habitually just man who possessed such a ring would become a thief,knowing that he couldn’t be caught.这句话说明即便是一贯公正的人,如果能够匿名也会变成贼。作者通过这个寓言意在说明匿名使人们无所顾忌,放弃实名状况下约束自己的道德标准,所以B是正确的。A表示匿名会滋生轻微犯罪,文中并没有讨论偷窃是否是轻微罪行;C表示匿名会改变人们不负责任的行为,不符合原文;D意思是道德是建立在公众彼此信任的基础上的,但文中并没讨论道德的基础问题。

3.B。细节题。本题考察第三段内容。B表示他们发表了一些恶毒的言论,这和原文“other hateful comments”同义,所以B是正确答案;A表示他们悼念自杀的女孩,和文章内容不符;C表示他们卖绳索,原文只是说他们在网页上传了绳索的图片,这是一种缺乏同情心的表现;D表示他们修改了悼念网页,这也不符合文章内容。

4.B。细节题。题干中的Victim出现在文章第四段,这一段主要描述troll的受害者如何反击,其中Liskula Cohen就是对微博的作者,提起诉讼,另一名受害者Carla Franklin也向法官提出申请,所以B是正确的。A的意思是受害者要求社交媒体取消发诽谤性帖子的人的资格;C指是受害者要求社交媒体关闭评价系统;D是受害者劝告发诽谤性帖子的人撤掉帖子,这些都不符合原文内容。

5.B。这是逆向思维题。主要考查第五段内容。B的意思是社交媒体公司利用狗仔队来屏蔽不文明行为;A是社交媒体公司试图在虚拟空间营造一种真实的生活环境,可以从第五段At Facebook,the approach is to try to replicate real-world social norms这句话印证;C要求使用者实名认证,可以从Reuters,for example,announced that it would start to block anonymous comments and require users to register with their names and e-mail addresses to curb“uncivil behavior.”得以印证;D指社交媒体公司依靠可信赖的评论人建立审核系统,这可以从The technology blog Gizmodo is trying an audition system for new commenters,under which their first few comments would be approved by a moderator or a trusted commenter to ensure quality before anybody else could see them这句话得以印证。

PASSAGE 3

1.见D段信息Studies show that midwife-attended births are as safe as physician-attended ones,and they are associated with lower rates of C-sections and other interventions that can be costly,risky and disruptive to the labor process,原文的costly意思和题目中的pricely是同义词。

2.见G段信息More government support for birth centers would help midwives meet a growing demand,which has already fueled an increase of 82 percent in centers since 2010,题目实际上是将原文转变成了被动语态,意思没有变化。

3.见F段信息Insurers would save money by embracing midwife-attended,non-hospital birth as a safe and inexpensive alternative.原文中的insurer就是insurance companis,同意互释。

4.见A段信息Moreover,the rate of C-sections is exceedingly high at 32 percent—the World Health Organization considers the ideal rate to be around 10 percent—and 13 percent of women report feeling pressured by their providers to have the procedure.句子中“feeling presure”就是题目中的American surgeons are more likely to push women to C-section。

5.见E段信息Some states currently refuse to recognize them as legitimate practitioners,and some severely limit what midwives are allowed to do…题目中的illegitimate就是原文中的refuse to recognize them as legitimate。

6.见C段信息The benefits of these technologies brought doctors to the forefront of maternity care and pushed midwives aside,题目中的dim印证原文的push...aside,题目中的highlight就是原文的brought...to the forefront。

7.见B段信息In many other developed countries,such as the U.K.,France and Australia,midwifery is at least as common as care by obstetricians.题目中的wealthy countries就是原文的developed countries,而原文的at least as common as care by obstetricians在题目中转述为as recognizable as obstetricians,意思没有变化。

8.rural。见A段信息And because of a shortage of hospitals and obgyns,especially in rural areas,many women struggle to access proper care during pregnancy.

9.two。见B段信息In the U.S.,certified midwives and nurse-midwives must hold a graduate degree from an institution accredited by the American College of Nurse-Midwives,and certified professional midwives must undergo at least two years of intensive training.

10.Hospitals。见D段信息Obstetricians helped to bar midwives from practicing in hospitals,which were now considered the safest birth settings.

11.supervise。见D段信息It has made a comeback since then,with practitioners just as well trained as doctors to supervise uncomplicated deliveries.

12.obstacles。见F段信息Even when state laws are favorable,women who wish to work with midwives often face financial obstacles.

13.facilities。见G段信息G there are only around 350 existing freestanding birth centers in the entire nation,and nine states lack regulations for licensing such facilities.

Part 3 Translation

Chinese consumers fueled a travel and tourism boom last year,despite the country’s economic slowdown.Chinese tourists spent$215 billion outside mainland China in 2015,a 53 percent rise from the$140 billion spent in 2014.The World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC)believes China’s travel industry,already the world’s second-largest after that of the US,will increase by 7 percent a year over the next decade,outstripping global growth of 4 percent and overtaking the US by 2024.However,the surge in the number and spending power of China’s outbound tourists is not lifting all boats.The WTTC reported“severe declines”in tourism revenues in 2015 in Macau(down 32 percent),and Hong Kong(off by 8.4 percent),each of which are highly reliant on visitors from mainland China.