Passage 10 Modern T ravel
People frequently find themselves in travel in modern times，either for business or for pleasure.In ancient times，however，when people travel on horseback or on foot to a short distance，they were hardly aware of the circumstances ofmodern travel.
Modern travel is first of all remarkable for its convenience of fast air travel with a speed that was beyond the imagination of ancient travelers.However，this mode of modern travel shortens the time of travel somuch so thatwe often find it difficult to adjust easily to this fast change of time.This is because of the difference of time around the globe.
In each country of theworld the sun rises ata different time.Ifwemove from east towest，we can follow the sunrise and see it in every country.Thismeans that the sunrise in London is about eighthours later than the same time sunrise in Beijing.For example，eighto'clock in the morning in Beijing ismidnight in London；seven o'clock in the evening in New York is four o'clock in the afternoon in Los Angeles.
It is strange to think that when you get up in the morning in China，some English students are still studying in the night before and some American students have not had their supper yet.If you fly from Beijing to Los Angeles，you will arrive about twelve hours before you leave！This is because you cross the Date Line—the linewhichmarkswhere timemust go back by twenty-four hours.If you lived near the Date Line，itwould be possible to cross itand have your birthday twice！
In the modern age of fast air travel，this system of time zones can cause problem.For example，it takes fourteen hours to fly from London to Beijing.If you leave Beijing at midnight，you will arrive in London at six o'clock in the morning local time.However，the nightwill last fourteen hours and so you will feelwell-rested and relaxed.What happens if you leave London at midnight，though？You will arrive in Beijing at ten o'clock the next morning.Your brain，however，thinks that it is still themiddle of the night.Therefore，even though nature tells you that is daytime，your body stillwants to sleep.You will feel very tired and confused.This is called Jet Lag—themental confusion and physical fatigue which results from air travel across different time zones.
In contrast to ancient travel，modern travel distinctly involves experiences of different cultures.It is a common belief that travel broadens the mind，for it helps you to see new customs，eat new foods，enjoy new landscapes，experience different cultures.And you will return home with an impressed and broadenedmind.However，thismay not be the case if our habits and customs are used as criteria for experiencing cultures different to our own.
A friend ofmine who lives in England and had never been abroad decided to go over to France for a visitone summer.When he returned Iasked him how he liked it.“Terrible”was his answer.“I couldn't get a nice cup of tea anywhere.You've got no idea of how the French make their tea.Glad that I'm back.”Iasked him whether he hadn't had any good food while he was there.“Oh，the dinnerswere all right，”he said.“I found a little place where they made quite good fish and chips.Not as good as ours，mind you，but they were all right.But the breakfastwere terrible；nothing of the kind we have here.When Iasked formarmalade，they broughtme strawberry jam.And do you know why they call itmarmalade？The trouble is they don't know English.”
Obviously，itwould be useless to explain to him that the the word“marmalade”was actually borrowed from French，and itmeans，in that language，any kind of jam.So I said，“But didn't you eat any Of the famous French food？” “What？Me？”he said，“Of course not！Giveme good ole English food every time！No French food forme！”So travel had not broadened his mind.He had judged everything there according to his own English ways of looking at things.
This does not，of course，happen only to the Englishman who traveled to France；all people who travel in foreign countries and be found judging what they see，hear and eat according to their own habits and customs.People who have learned a lot about foreign countries are usuallymore adaptable and tolerant，but this isbecause theirminds have already broadened before they start travelling.
In respect to travel as the experience of cross-culture communication，travelers to different cultures should be tolerant of the habits and customs of otherswithout giving up their own，and the criterion for judging a new culture could be：Does the culture offer something new？Instead of：Is it like ours？Asa stranger to a different culture，the traveller should also remember the saying：“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”In order to make our experiences in other countries a pleasant and enjoyable one，we should try to see and understand what the“Romans”are doing.Only in this way can travel truly broadens our minds.
参考译文：(https://www.daowen.com)
现代旅行
在当今时代，人们常常外出旅行，或为办理公务，或为度假休闲。而在古代，当人们骑马或徒步作短距离旅行时，古人们很难想象到现代旅行的种种情形。
现代旅行首要的突出特点是快速航空旅行的便利。其旅行速度之快为古代旅行者之想象所不及。然而，这种现代旅行方式使时间压缩得如此短暂以至于我们常常感到难以适应这种时间快节奏的变化。这是因为世界各地的时差所致。
世界上每一个国家太阳升起的时间不同。如果我们从东向西旅行就能够追随日出，并在每一个国家都能看到日出的情景。这就是说，伦敦的日出比北京的日出滞后约8个小时。由于这个原因，不同的国家时间也不相同。比如，北京早晨8点时，伦敦却还是午夜时分；纽约晚上7点时，洛杉矶则还是下午4点。
令人不可思议的是，在中国，当你早晨起床时，英国的学生还在昨夜的时间里学习，而美国的学生还没有吃昨天的晚餐呢。如果你从北京飞往洛杉矶，那么，你抵达洛杉矶的时间正是你离京前12小时的时间。这是因为你穿越了国际日期变更线，它标明以此线为界必须往回倒数24小时。假如你居住在日期变更线附近的国家，你就可以两次穿越日期变更线过两次生日呢。
在当今快速航空旅行的时代，这种时差状况会给旅行带来一定的问题。比如，从伦敦飞往北京需要14小时。如果你午夜时分从北京起飞，那么，你就会在伦敦当地时间上午6点抵达目的地。但夜晚将持续14个小时，因此，你会感到休息充足，全身轻松。但是，如果你中午时分从伦敦飞往北京又会是怎样的情形呢？你将于北京时间次日上午10点抵达北京。但是，你的大脑却认为此时仍是午夜时分。因此，尽管客观上是白天，但你的身体仍需要睡眠。你会感到身体疲倦和头脑昏昏然。这种情形被称为时差综合征，是航空旅行中穿越不同时区时产生的思维困顿和身体疲乏状态。
与古代旅行相比，现代旅行明显涉及对不同文化的体验。人们普遍认为，旅行可以扩展视野，因为在旅行中人们可以领略新的风土人情，接触新的饮食，感受不同的文化。人们将带着深刻的印象和受到扩展的视野回到家中。但是，如果我们把自己的风俗习惯作为标准去体验不同于自我文化的风俗习惯，那么，旅行就不一定能够扩展我们的视野。
我有一位住在英国但从未到国外旅行过朋友一年夏天决定到法国去旅行，当他旅行归来时我问起他对法国的印象如何。他的回答是“糟透了”。他说：“我走遍法国都喝不到一杯好茶。你简直想象不到法国人是怎样沏茶的。令人高兴的是我总算回来了。”当我问起他在法国时是否品尝到法国的菜肴时，他说：“噢，晚餐还可以。我找到了一家小餐馆，做的油煎鱼和炸土豆相当不错。告诉你，没有英国的好，但还算过得去。但早餐简直难以下咽。哪里都找不到英国式的早餐。当我要marmalade（橘子酱）时，法国人却给我上strawberry jam（草莓酱）。你知道他们为什么把strawberry当作marmalade吗？因为他们不懂英语嘛。”
很显然，如果跟他解释“marmalade”这个词是英语从法语中借过来的，这个词在法语中的原意是指任何一种果酱，这显然是无助于事的。所以我只好问他，“难道在法国你就没有品尝品尝有名的法餐吗？”“什么？让我去品尝法餐？”他回答说，“当然没有！我只想天天品尝永远美味的英国餐！我才不稀罕法餐呢！”可见，旅行并没有使他扩展视野，因为他按照英国人看待事物的方式去评判法国的一切。
当然，并非只有去法国旅行的这位英国人才有这种体验。事实上，所有到国外旅行的人都会按照自我的习俗去评价自己的所见所闻以及所接触的食物。而那些对国外了解甚多的人们通常更容易适应和容忍不同的风俗习惯。但他们具备这种适应性和容忍性是因为他们在外出旅行前就已经扩展了自己的视野。
旅行作为一种跨文化交际的体验，到不同文化环境旅行的人们应该在不放弃自己风俗习惯的同时，对不同的风俗习惯持容忍态度。评价一种不同文化的标准应该是：这种文化是否具有某种不同于自身文化的东西？而不是：这种文化是否像自身的文化？旅行者作为置身于不同文化之中的陌生人应该记住“入乡随俗，入国问禁”这句谚语。要使我们在不同国家和不同文化中的经历成为一种愉快有趣的体验，我们就应该尽量去观察和了解当地人的风俗习惯。只有这样，旅行才能够真正扩展我们的视野。