4.1 Three Forms ofInfelicities in Illocutionary Ac...
According to Austin，every utterance is a speech act，consisting ofthree sub-acts：locutionary act，illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.However，speech act theory concerns mainly illocutionary act.Speech acts can be divided into direct and indirect ones.And besides，any speech act should satisfy felicity conditions.
For Austin，a successful speech act must involve three categories of felicity conditions.If we sin against any of these conditions，our performative utterance will be unhappy.Then，Austin put forth the following scheme of infelicities：
（Chart 2）
That means，in this article，we will focus on three main forms of infelicities，that is：①Void：Act is disallowed and therefore void because the speaker does not follow widely acknowledged conventions or the speaker is not appropriate，or not in a position，for the particular procedure invoked.For example，it is not the case that a ship is named when any person throws a bottle of champagne by saying“I name this ship Elizabeth”；②Breaches：By saying breaches，it means one's doing contracts with what he said previously.（Geoffrey.1983，p.236）For example，after a person says，“I give and bequeath my watch to...”，he doesn't keep his words and refuses to offer.But sometimes，people deliberately violate these felicity conditions，thus producing implications，which are quite different from literal meanings.In view of this，we will，in the following passages，explore different pragmatic effects by violating these conditions；③Insincerities：Insincere speech acts mean the speaker promises to perform a speech act，but actually he doesn't have feelings or intention to have it conducted.When I say，“I promise”and have no intention of keeping it，I just do nothing but make an abuse of the procedure and performative formula.Sincerity forms a necessary condition to conduct any speech act.
The following passages will be spared to analyze different speech act styles of characters，so as to make clear how Austen dealt with conflicts among various personalities，and laid a solid foundation for the development of the whole story.