4.其他重要组成
越来越多的期刊还要求，在给出摘要之后，还有提供“Highlight”或“Statement of Significance”或“Contribution of the Paper”，或者在投稿阶段，将这一部分放在一个单独的文档中提交。与摘要类似，应该在撰写完正文之后再撰写此部分内容，简要说明研究的主要发现及对科学研究或临床实践的重要性。提供此内容的主要目的有两个：①让即使没有相关研究背景的读者，也能够明白研究主要发现了什么；②目前，多数人阅读期刊文献，都是通过网络/电子途径，使用此Highlight可有利于读者更好地找到你的论文。根据期刊不同，所撰写的内容格式及侧重点有所不同，具体示例如下。
多个护理领域期刊（例如，Int J Nurs Stud）要求提交“Contribution of the Paper”。通过两部分说明：①“What is already known about the topic？”；②“What this paper adds？”。这两部分，均使用2～3个要点进行说明，如示例2-17所示。第一部分，着重介绍与你的研究问题相关的进展，避免对一般研究背景进行概述。第二部分，介绍你的研究贡献了哪些新的知识、结果、发现，避免对研究过程进行描述。例如，以下书写形式就不合适：We examined the effect of an online multi-component positive psychology intervention on well-being and job satisfaction（这是描述过程）。
示例2-17 Contribution of the paper举例
What is already known about the topic？
○ Nursing home staff is at risk of stress-related problems.
○ Positive psychology interventions can improve wellbeing，which is related to various.positive physical and mental health outcomes，and positive organizational outcomes.
○ Acceptability and effectiveness of positive psychology interventions have yet to be tested in nursing home staff.
What this paper adds？
○ An online multi-component positive psychology intervention did not improve well-being，but showed a small effect on job satisfaction.
○ Nursing staff generally show acceptability of a positive psychology intervention.
○ Opportunities lie in creating a positive psychology intervention for nursing staff that is more concise，workfocused，and including some form of autonomy support.(https://www.daowen.com)
还有些期刊要求给出“Statement of Significance”，且有一定的字数限制。比如Sleep这一期刊，其要求是：①紧跟着摘要给出此部分，总字数不超过120字；②对本研究结果的重要性和新颖性进行总结，同时对仍存在的知识空缺（knowledge gap）或未来研究方向进行概述；③语言上要通俗易懂，使得没有此方面研究背景的临床工作人员或科研人员都能够读懂；④避免仅对结论进行重复，避免介绍研究方法，避免引用文献，具体实例，如示例2-18所示。
示例2-18 Statement of Significance
Statement of Significance
The high prevalence and recurrence rate of major depressive disorder（MDD）stress the utmost importance of prevention of first-onset MDD.Using the novel method of network outcome analysis，we identified that，among insomnia complaints，only difficulty initiating sleep（DIS）is an independent and primary predictor of first-onset MDD.Crucially，these findings are of high-clinical relevance，as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is highly effective in improving DIS.Targeting specifically DIS in the treatment of insomnia might aid to combat the global costs of MDD by means of prevention.
还有一些期刊（如Elsevier旗下期刊）要求给出“Highlight”。此部分，使用3～5个要点（bullet point）对新颖的研究发现和方法进行总结（如示例2-19所示）。注意以下事项：①每一条要点不能超过85个字符，包括空格；②为了提高论文的可发现性，尽量包含读者搜索时常用的词；③仅原创性论著和文献综述需要提供。
示例2-19 Highlight
Highlight
○ Frontline COVID-19 medical workers have a high prevalence of sleep disturbances.
○ Females have worse sleep quality than males among frontline medical workers.
○ Further interventions are needed to improve sleep disorders of medical workers.