中英文名词对照索引

更新于 2026年10月15日 版权声明

中英文名词对照索引

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2D) …………………………………………………………194

β-原肌球蛋白(β-tropomyosin) ………………………………………………………………111

β淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ-protein,Aβ)………………………………………………………063

A

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD) …………………………………………………042

癌干细胞(cancer stem cell) …………………………………………………………………179

癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antighen,CEA)………………………………………………048

艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)……………………………………034

B

白细胞介素(interleukin,IL) …………………………………………………………………032

白血病干细胞(leukemic stem cell,LSC)……………………………………………………179

苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria,PKU)…………………………………………………………145

表观遗传学(epigenetics)………………………………………………………………………229

C

操纵子(operon) ………………………………………………………………………………137

常染色体显性遗传病(autosomal dominant disease) ………………………………………046

常染色体隐性遗传病(autosomal recessive disease) ………………………………………084

沉默子(silencer) ………………………………………………………………………………138

成人早老综合征(Werner's syndrome,WS)…………………………………………………193

成体干细胞(adult stem cell,ASC) …………………………………………………………176

创伤愈合(wound healing) ……………………………………………………………………219

促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH) ………………………………083

D

DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase)…………………………………………………140

单纯型大疱性表皮松解症(epidermolysis bullosa simplex,EBS) …………………………119

单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,Mc Ab)…………………………………………………008

蛋白质二硫键异构酶(protein disulfide isomerase,PDI)……………………………………068

低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)………………………………………………046

凋亡(apoptosis) ………………………………………………………………………………017

动力蛋白(dynein) ……………………………………………………………………………109

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS) …………………………………………………………040

多能细胞(pluripotent cell)……………………………………………………………………168

F

发夹结构(hairpin structure) …………………………………………………………………015

反面高尔基网(trans-Golgi network)…………………………………………………………071

反式作用因子(trans-acting factor) …………………………………………………………138

泛素化(ubiquitination) ………………………………………………………………………068

非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA) …………………………………………………015

非整倍体(aneuploid) …………………………………………………………………………144

分化抑制(differentiation inhibition)…………………………………………………………175

分拣蛋白(sortilin) ……………………………………………………………………………098

分解(代谢)物激活蛋白(catabolite activator protein,CAP) ………………………………137

负性调控(negative regulation) ………………………………………………………………136

G

干扰素(interferon,IFN) ……………………………………………………………………032

干细胞(stem cell) ……………………………………………………………………………173

功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)…………………………………………………063

骨矿密度(bone mineral density,BMD)………………………………………………………082

骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma)…………………………………………………………………………164

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP) ………………………………………………………………082

胱氨酸尿症(cystinuria) ………………………………………………………………………046

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsδ,PPARδ)………………………………………………………………………………………………061

H

合子(zygote)……………………………………………………………………………………167

核酶(ribozyme) ………………………………………………………………………………017

核糖体RNA(ribosomal RNA,rRNA)………………………………………………………016

亨廷顿舞蹈症(Huntington's disease,HD)…………………………………………………103

红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)…………………………………………………………033

环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein,CREB)…………236

活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS) ……………………………………………………086

J

基因表达(gene expression) …………………………………………………………………004

基因座控制区(locus control region,LCR) …………………………………………………169

基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)…………………………………………196

吉非替尼(Gefitinib)……………………………………………………………………………236

急性髓细胞性白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML) ……………………………………179

集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor,CSF) ……………………………………………032

脊髓肌肉萎缩症(spinal muscularatrophy,SMA) …………………………………………103

家族性高胆固醇血症(familial hypercholesterolemia,FH) ………………………………046

甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP) …………………………………………………………048

假性甲状旁腺功能减退症(pseudohypoparathyroidism,PHP)……………………………235

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)………………………………………………179

减敏(desensitization) …………………………………………………………………………047

碱性亮氨酸拉链(basic leucine zipper,bZIP) ………………………………………………139

阶段特异性(stage specificity) ………………………………………………………………136

痉挛性截瘫(hereditary spastic paraplegia,HSP) …………………………………………103

K

抗生素(antibiotic) ……………………………………………………………………………006

可变剪接(alternative splicing) ………………………………………………………………173

空间特异性(spatial specificity)………………………………………………………………136

空泡化(vesiculation) …………………………………………………………………………081

L

类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)…………………………………………………032

磷酸化(phosphorylation) ……………………………………………………………………055

卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH) …………………………………………033

螺旋-环-螺旋(helix-loop-helix,HLH) ………………………………………………………139

螺旋-转角-螺旋(helix-turn-helix,HTH)……………………………………………………139

M

慢性髓细胞性白血病(chronic myelogenous leukemia,CML) ……………………………236

模板链(template strand)………………………………………………………………………015

N

囊胚(blastula)…………………………………………………………………………………167

囊性纤维化(cystic fibrosis) …………………………………………………………………046

囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR) ………………………………………………………………………………………046

脑苷脂沉积病(cerebrosidosis) ………………………………………………………………084

内含子(intron)…………………………………………………………………………………017

内胚层(endoderm) ……………………………………………………………………………167

内细胞团(inner cell mass)……………………………………………………………………167

内质网超负荷反应(endoplasmic reticulum overload response,EOR)……………………082

拟胚体(embryoid body,EB) …………………………………………………………………178

逆向运输(retrograde transport)………………………………………………………………100

黏多糖贮积症(mucopolysaccharidosis,MPS) ………………………………………………084

P

帕金森病(parkinson diesase) ………………………………………………………………082

胚层(germ layer)………………………………………………………………………………167

胚后发育(post embryonic development)……………………………………………………007

胚胎发育(embryonic development) …………………………………………………………007

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC) ……………………………………………………147

胚胎抗原(fetal antigen)………………………………………………………………………048

胚胎移植实验(grafting experiment)…………………………………………………………168

胚胎诱导(embryonic induction) ……………………………………………………………175(https://www.daowen.com)

葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transports protein,GLUT) ……………………………………161

Q

启动子(promoter) ……………………………………………………………………………080

器官发生(organogenesis) ……………………………………………………………………167

前脂肪细胞(preadipocytes) …………………………………………………………………194

驱动蛋白(kinesin) ……………………………………………………………………………109

趋化因子(chemokine)…………………………………………………………………………032

全能性细胞(totipotent cell) …………………………………………………………………167

缺失(deletion)…………………………………………………………………………………144

R

Rothmund-Thomson综合征(Rothmund-Thomson syndrome,RTS)……………………193

染色体病(chromosomal disorder)……………………………………………………………143

染色体易断裂区(breakpoint cluster region,BCR) …………………………………………236

染色质重塑(chromatin remolding) …………………………………………………………140

人类基因组(human genome)…………………………………………………………………017

人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) ………………………………195

人生长激素(human growth hormone)………………………………………………………033

溶酶体贮积症(lysosomal storage diseases,LSD) …………………………………………084

乳糖操纵子(lac operon)………………………………………………………………………137

软骨发育不全(achondroplasia,ACH) ………………………………………………………145

S

奢侈基因(luxury gene) ………………………………………………………………………169

神经鞘磷脂沉积病(sphingomyelin lipoidosis)………………………………………………084

神经微管(neurotubule) ………………………………………………………………………119

神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangle,NFT)………………………………………………103

肾性糖尿(renal glycosuria) …………………………………………………………………046

生长因子(growth factor,GF)…………………………………………………………………029

生殖质(germ plasm) …………………………………………………………………………168

时间特异性(temporal specificity)……………………………………………………………136

适应性表达(adaptive expression)……………………………………………………………137

受体病(receptor disease) ……………………………………………………………………046

水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP) ………………………………………………………………054

顺式作用元件(cis-acting element)……………………………………………………………138

顺向运输(anterograde transport)……………………………………………………………100

T

泰-萨克斯病(Tay-Sachs disease) ……………………………………………………………084

唐氏综合征(Down syndrome,DS)……………………………………………………………144

糖原贮积症Ⅱ型(glycogen storage disease typeⅡ) ………………………………………084

特纳综合征(Turner syndrome)………………………………………………………………144

W

外胚层(ectoderm) ……………………………………………………………………………167

外显子(exon) …………………………………………………………………………………141

威斯科特-奥尔德里奇综合征(Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome,WAS)…………………………120

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA) ……………………………………………………………174

未折叠蛋白反应(unfold protein response,UPR)……………………………………………082

胃食管反流病(gastroesophogeal reflux disease,GERD) …………………………………063

稀有碱基(rare base) …………………………………………………………………………016

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)……………………………………032

X

X连锁显性遗传病(X-linked dominant hereditary disease) ………………………………145

X连锁隐性遗传病(X-linked recessive hereditary disease)…………………………………145

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL) ……………………………………188

细胞决定(cell determination)…………………………………………………………………168

细胞谱系(celll ineage)…………………………………………………………………………170

细胞融合(cell fusion)…………………………………………………………………………030

细胞衰老(cell aging) …………………………………………………………………………004

细胞死亡(cell death) …………………………………………………………………………002

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs) ……………………………………………………218

细胞相关分泌表型(senescence-associated secretory phenotype,SASP) …………………218

细胞增殖(cell proliferation) …………………………………………………………………004

细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)…………………………………………………………………………142

先天性溶酶体病(inborn lysosomal diseases) ………………………………………………084

纤黏连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)…………………………………………………………………047

线粒体病(mitochondrial disease) ……………………………………………………………085

线粒体医学(mitochondrial medicine)………………………………………………………078

线粒体遗传学(mitochondrial genetics)……………………………………………………086

消化性溃疡(peptic ulcer disease,PUD) ……………………………………………………063

小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)………………………………………………174

心手综合征(Holt-Oram syndrome,HOS) …………………………………………………142

锌指结构(zinc finger)…………………………………………………………………………139

信号转导(signal transduction) ………………………………………………………………004

信号转导通路(signaling pathway) …………………………………………………………217

信使RNA(messengerRNA,mRNA) ………………………………………………………016

血栓黏合素1(thrombospondin 1)……………………………………………………………220

伊马替尼(Imatinib)……………………………………………………………………………236

Y

Y连锁遗传病(Y-linked hereditary disease)…………………………………………………145

胰岛素(insulin) ………………………………………………………………………………033

乙酰化(acetylation)……………………………………………………………………………126

抑素(chalone) …………………………………………………………………………………175

易位(translocation)……………………………………………………………………………144

诱导(induction) ………………………………………………………………………………137

原肠胚期(gastrula stage) ……………………………………………………………………167

原发性纤毛不动综合征(primary ciliary dyskinesia,PCD)…………………………………119

Z

增强子(enhancer) ……………………………………………………………………………138

真核起始因子(eukaryotic initiation factor,eIF)……………………………………………142

整倍体(euploid) ………………………………………………………………………………144

正性调控(positive regulation) ………………………………………………………………136

脂沉积症(lipoidosis) …………………………………………………………………………084

质子泵(proton pump)…………………………………………………………………………060

中胚层(mesoderm)……………………………………………………………………………167

中心法则(central dogma) ……………………………………………………………………003

肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF) ………………………………………………032

肿瘤特异性抗原(tumor specific antigen,TSA) ……………………………………………048

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(tumor-associated fibroblast,CAF) …………………………………220

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophage,TAM)…………………………………221

肿瘤相关抗原(tumor associated antigen,TAA)……………………………………………048

重复(duplication)………………………………………………………………………………144

周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase,Cdk)………………………………………157

周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor,CKI)…………………159

转化生长因子(transforming growth factor,TGF)…………………………………………167

转录激活蛋白(transcription activating protein)……………………………………………139

转录因子(transcription factor,TF) …………………………………………………………007

阻遏(repression)………………………………………………………………………………093

组成性表达(constitutive expression) ………………………………………………………137

组蛋白密码(histone code)……………………………………………………………………140

组蛋白脱乙酰酶(histone deacetylase,HDAC)………………………………………………140

组蛋白乙酰转移酶(histone acetyltransferase,HAT)………………………………………140

组合调控(combinatory control)………………………………………………………………170

组织特异性基因(tissue-specific gene) ………………………………………………………169

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