参考文献
1 Stoll R D,Bryan G M.Wave attenuation in saturated sediments[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1970,47,1440~1447
2 Stoll R D,Ewing J,Bryan G M.Anomalous wave velocities in sediments[A].In:Kaplan I.R.(ed)Natural gases in marine sediments[C].Plenum,New York,1974,235~248
3 Stoll R D,Bryan G M.Physical properties of sediments containing gas hydrates[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84,1629~1634
4 Whalley E.Speed of longitudinal sound in clathrate hydrates[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1980,85:2539~2542
5 Pearson C F,Halleck P M,McGuire P L,et al.Natural gas hydrates:A review of in-situ properties[J].J.Phys.Chem.1983,87,4180~4185
6 Pearson C F,Murphy J,Hermes R.Acoustic and resistivity measurements on rock samples containing tetrahydrofuran hydrates:Laboratory analogues to natural gas hydrate deposits[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1986,14132~14138
7 Sloan E D.Clathrate Hydrate of Natural Gases[M],Marcel Dekker,New York,1990
8 Dvorkin J G,Mavko G,Nur A.The effect of cementation on the elastic properties of a granular material[J].Mech.of Mater.1991,12,207~217
9 Dvorkin J,Helgerud M B,Waite W F,et al.Introduction to physical properties and elasticity models[A].In:Max,M.D.(ed.),Natural gas hydrate in oceanic and permafrost environments[C],Kluwer Acad.Dordrecht,2000,245~260
10 Dvorkin J,Nur A.Time-average equation revisited[J].Geophysics,1998,63,1~5
11 Dvorkin J,Prasad M,Sakai A.Elasticity of marine sediments[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26,1781~1784
12 Helgerud M,Dvorkin J,Nur A,et al.Elastic-wave velocity in marine sediments with gas hydrates:Effective medium modeling[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26,2021~2024
13 Bergel I,Jacobsen A,Solstad A.Measured acoustic wave veolocities of R11(CCl3F)hydrate samples with and without sand as a function of hydrate concentration[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104,15415~15424
14 Jakobsen M,Hudson J A,Minshull T A,Singh S C.Elastic properties of hydrate-bearing sediments using effective medium theory[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2000,105,561~577
15 Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97,6683~6698
16 Lee M W,Hutchinson D R,Dillon W P,et al.Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments[J].Marine Petrol.Geol.,1993,10(5):493~506
17 Lee M W,Hutchinson D R,Collet T S,Dillon W P.Seismic velocities for hydrate-bearing sediments using a weighted equation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101,20347~20359
18 Minshull T A,Singh S C,Westbrook GK.Seismic velocity structure at a gas hydrate reflector,offshore western Columbia,from full waveform inversion[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99,4715~4734
19 Yuan T,Hyndman R D,Spence G D,et al.Seismic velocity increase and deep-sea hydrate concentration above a bottom simulating reflector on the northern Cascadian slope[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101,13655~13671
20 Yuan T,Spence G D,Hyndman R D,et al.Seismic velocity studies of a gas hydrate bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia continental margin:Amplitude modeling and full waveform inversion[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104,1999,1179~1191
21 Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65,565~573
22 Carcione J M,Tinivella U.Bottom simulating reflectors:seismic velocities and AVO effects[J].Geophysics,2000,65,54~67
23 Hyndman R D,Yuan T,Moran K.The concentration of deep sea gas hydrates from downhole electrical resistivity logs and laboratory data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,172,167~177
24 Matsubayshi O.Heat flow measurement as an exploration tool for subbottom methane hydrates[J].Bull.Geol.Surv.Japan,1998,49:541~549.(in Japanese with English abstract)(https://www.daowen.com)
25 Matsubayashi O,Edwards R N.Relationship between electrical and thermal conductivities for evaluating thermal regime of gas hydrate bearing sedimentary layers[J].The Annals of the New York Acad.of Sci.2000,912,167~172
26 Kuster G T,Toksoz M N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media:PartⅠ.Theoretical formulations[J].Geophysics,1974,39,587~606
27 Hyndman R D,Moore G F,Moran K.Velocity,porosity and pore-fluid loss from the Nankai subductioon zone accretionary prism[A].edited by Hill I A,et al.,Proc.Ocean Drill.Program Sci.Results[C],1993,131,211~220
28 Wood W T,Stoffa P L,Shipley T H.Quantitative detection of methane hydrate through high-resolution seismic velocity analysis[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99,9681~9695
29 Rowe M M,Gettrust J F.Faulted structure of the bottom-simulating reflector on the Blake Ridge,western North Atlantic[J].Geology,1993,21,833~836
30 Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R,Gardner G H F.An experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media[J].Geophysics,1958,23,459~93
31 Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50,571~581
32 Wood A B.A text book of sound[M].Macmillan,New York,1941,578
33 Leclaire Ph,Cohen-Tenoudji F,Aguirre-Puente J.Extension of Biot's theory of wave propagation to frozen porous media[J].J Acoust.Soc Am.,1994,96,3753~3768
34 Geertsma M.Velocity-log interpretation:The effect of rock bulk compressibility[J].Soc.Pet.Eng.J.1961,1,235~248
35 Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid,I,Low-frequency range[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1956,28,168~178
36 Domenico S N.Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir[J].Geophysics,1976,41,882~894
37 Domenico S N.Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42,1339~1368
38 Gregory A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,1976,41,895~921
39 Murphy W F.Acoustic measures of partial gas saturation in tight sandstones[J].J.Geophys.Res.1984,89,11549~11559
40 Ostrander W J.Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence[J].Geophysics 1984,49,1637~1648
41 Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equation[J].Geophysics,1985,50,609~614
42 Hamilton E L.Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratios in marine sediments and rocks[J].J.Acou.Soc.Am.,1979,66,1093~1101
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES ON MARINE GAS HYDRATES(I):PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SONG Haibin1,2 MATSUBAYASHI Osamu2 WU Nengyou3 HAO Tianyao1
(1.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS,Beijing 100029,China;2.Geological Survey of Japan,Tsukuba 3058567,Japan;3.Institute of Marine Geology,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510760,China)
Abstract:Physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments are reviewed and the relationships between physical properties and gas hydrate concentration are discussed.There are some simple models such as porosity-reduction,time-average equation and weighted time-average and Wood's equation and complex models such as elastic moduli model and those based on seismic wave propagation in effective medium.Resistivity and thermal conductivity models of hydrate-bearing sediments are also introduced,and physical properties of gas-bearing sediments are also presented.
Keywords:Gas hydrates;Physical properties;concentration