5.8 小 结

更新于 2026年10月10日 版权声明
5.8 小 结

本章以沘江流域水体、床沙和悬沙为研究对象,进行连续两年的样品采集(枯水期和汛期),并综合分析不同介质中重金属Pb和Zn含量时空分布特征,定量评估金顶矿山开发对沘江水体、床沙和悬沙中Pb和Zn污染物含量的影响及相对贡献率,并得出以下结论:

(1)沘江水体中Pb和Zn含量大小为Zn>Pb,Pb含量在大多样点未超出检出限值。空间上,水体中Zn含量表现为矿区>矿区下游>矿区上游。随着离矿区距离的增加,金顶矿区对水体中Pb和Zn含量的影响逐渐降低。在季节上,枯水期水体中Zn平均含量高于汛期。

(2)沘江床沙中Pb和Zn含量大小为Zn>Pb且枯水期高于汛期。在空间上,矿区河段(样点S6~S11)受金顶矿山采矿活动的影响严重,矿区上游和矿区之间呈显著性差异;沘江床沙Pb和Zn污染程度受河水的自然净化、支流的稀释作用,但这种作用受水质污染程度、与矿区距离和流域铅锌污染来源等多种因素影响。

(3)沘江悬沙中Pb和Zn含量大小为Zn>Pb。矿区河段悬沙中Pb和Zn含量最高,而矿区上游最低,且在矿区上游和矿区之间呈显著性差异。

(4)兰坪金顶矿区对下游床沙Pb和Zn含量的相对贡献率C(Pb)up和C(Zn)up分别为12%~89%和5%~77%。对下游悬沙Pb和Zn含量的相对贡献率C(Pb)up和C(Zn)up分别为13%~63%和33%~85%。其相对贡献程度与流域水动力条件、河道工程措施和水电站拦截等因素有关。

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