五、治疗
目前糖皮质激素被公认作为治疗皮肌炎的一线药物,但其剂量、疗程及减量方案尚未达成共识。对于严重的DM患者,常给予甲泼尼龙冲击治疗;对于病情中度或中度患者,在冲击治疗之后,可给予泼尼松口服直至临床症状得到控制,起始剂量常为1~2 mg/(kg·d),每周减量5~10 mg,维持剂量为5~10 mg/d或15~20 mg/隔日。
除此之外,免疫抑制剂如甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、来氟米特、霉酚酸酯等,静脉注射免疫球蛋白,生物制剂,血浆置换法也可以用来治疗DM并且已在临床上取得可靠疗效。
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(林琳 段宁)