诗歌
When You Are Old
Yeats
When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire,take down this book,
And slowly read,and dream of the soft look,
Your eyes had once,and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur,a little sadly,how Love fled,
And paced upon the mountains overhead,
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
《当你年老时》
傅浩译
当你年老,鬓斑,睡意昏沉,
在炉旁打盹时,取下这本书,
慢慢诵读,梦忆从前你双眸,
神色柔和,眼波中倒影深深;
多少人爱你风韵妩媚的时光,
爱你的美丽出自假意或真情,
但唯有一人爱你灵魂的至诚,
爱你渐衰的脸上愁苦的风霜;
弯下身子,在炽红的壁炉边,
忧伤地低诉,爱神如何逃走,
在头顶上的群山巅漫步闲游,
把他的面孔隐没在繁星中间。
译文出自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_bf7d4a110101dpn7.html
文章梗概
《当你年老时》,是叶芝(Yeats,1865~1939)早期名诗,发表于1893年,献给比他小一岁多的爱尔兰著名民族主义者毛德·岗(Maud Gonne,1866~1953)。全诗共十二行,是叶芝对于茅德·冈一见钟情后所作,该诗文字浅显、叙述直白、意境优美,深受读者的喜爱,也被众多国内学者从不同角度进行解读。其艺术被视为英语诗从传统到现代过渡的缩影。艾略特曾赞誉叶芝为“20世纪最伟大的英语诗人”。
When you are old这首诗从诗歌语言角度分析,前三句诗歌没有主语出现,但从句意角度分析,第二句的take down the book的主语应该为作者,因为这句话与dream of the soft look是并列关系,主语应该为同一个人。如果是诗中的you来发出动作,则不应该自己dream of the soft look,由此可以断定,作者看到年老昏沉充满睡意的爱人,而由此引发对她年轻时颜容的联想。诗中line 6中在修饰love时用的是with the love false or true,这里面false or true是定语后置,是诗歌语言的常用方式。
A Considerable Speck
Robert Frost
A speck that would have been beneath my sight
On any but a paper sheet so white
Set off across what I had written there.
And I had idly poised my pen in air
To stop it with a period of ink
When something strange about it made me think,
This was no dust speck by my breathing blown,
But unmistakably a living mite
With inclinations it could call its own.
It paused as with suspicion of my pen,
And then came racing wildly on again
To where my manuscript was not yet dry;
Then paused again and either drank or smelt—
With loathing,for again it turned to fly.
Plainly with an intelligence I dealt.
It seemed too tiny to have room for feet,
Yet must have had a set of them complete
To express how much it didn’t want to die.
It ran with terror and with cunning crept.
It faltered:I could see it hesitate;
Then in the middle of the open sheet
Cower down in desperation to accept
Whatever I accorded it of fate.
I have none of the tenderer-than-thou
Collectivistic regimenting love
With which the modern world is being swept.
But this poor microscopic item now!
Since it was nothing I knew evil of
I let it lie there till I hope it slept.
I have a mind myself and recognize
Mind when I meet with it in any guise
No one can know how glad I am to find
On any sheet the least display of mind.
文章梗概
罗伯特·弗罗斯特(March 26,1874~January 29,1963),美国诗人。他的作品多出发表于英国,而后在美国出版。罗伯特弗·罗斯特的诗以其现实主义手法对美国乡村生活的描写以及口语化的语言使用而出名。他的诗经常使用乡村生活的背景,并对复杂的社会议题以及哲学话题进行反思。作为美国20世纪最受人欢迎并受人爱戴的诗人,罗伯特一生4次获得普利策诗歌奖。此后,他树立了一位伟大的文学家的形象。1961年6月22日,他被冠以“桂冠诗人”的称号。他的代表作品:《诗歌选集》《一棵作证的树》《山间》《新罕布什尔》《西去的溪流》《又一片牧场》《林间空地》和诗剧《理智的假面具》《慈悲的假面具》《诗歌全集》。
弗罗斯特的诗歌与20世纪多数诗人的诗歌迥然不同。他并没有标新立异,企图尝试诗歌形式的改革,而是继承传统,满足于用旧形式表达新内容。他喜欢用浅显易懂的口语,语气平缓、冷静,采用人们熟悉的韵律。他的诗一般都遵从了传统的韵律形式,比如押韵的双行体、三行体、四行体、十四行体都写的相当出色。他诗歌中常常出现与孤独、绝望、死亡等关联的意象如冬、雪、冰、霜、枯叶等。因此,弗罗斯特常常以凋零的玫瑰、干枯的花朵等比喻体映衬孤独、悲哀、寂寞的内心世界。
《小虫不小》(A Considerable Speck)是弗罗斯特的一首诙谐的诗歌。诗中描写作者观察到了稿纸上的小虫,本想通过一滴墨水阻挡它前进的道路,却发现它顽强不息,拼命挣扎的生命力。作者的描写赋予了小虫以人的动作和情感,比如Then paused again and either drank or smelt—With loathing,for again it turned to fly.这两句在猜测小虫停下来的原因时,用的是drank or smelt,这是人特有的动作。同时,with loathing,这种憎恶感也是人的情感;在描写小虫在纸张中间不再前行时,cower down怯懦的情绪依旧是诗人赋予小虫人的情绪。在描写小虫生命力时,作者写到:
Yet must have had a set of them complete
To express how much it didn’t want to die.
It ran with terror and with cunning crept.
It faltered:I could see it hesitate;
在诗人眼里,即便小虫面对着恐惧,它依旧表现出了求生的欲望。这时,这个小虫对于诗人来说并不是一个普通的尘埃,而是充满了生命力和拥有人类思想和情感的小虫。诗人在结尾处也表现了诗人对小虫所展现出的生命力和思想的赞许之情:
No one can know how glad I am to find;
On any sheet the least display of mind.
词汇
speck[spɛk]n.灰尘;污点;小颗粒
mite[maɪt]n.极小量;小虫
inclination[′ɪnklǝ′neʃǝn]n.倾向,爱好;斜坡
cower[′kaʊɚ]vi.退缩;抖缩;蜷缩;弯腰屈膝
accorded of给予(某种待遇)
The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler,long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other,as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there,
Had worn them really about the same
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh,I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood,and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
未选择的路
罗伯特·弗罗斯特
黄色的树林里分出两条路,
可惜我不能同时去涉足。
我在那路口久久伫立,
我向着一条路极目望去,
直到它消失在丛林深处。
但我却选择了另外一条路,
它荒草萋萋,十分幽寂
显得更诱人,更美丽
虽然在这条小路上
很少留下旅人的足迹
那天清晨落叶满地,
两条路都未经脚印污染。
呵,留下一条路等改日再见。
但我知道路径延绵无尽头,
恐怕我难以再回返。
也许多少年后在某个地方,
我将轻声叹息将往事回顾:
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹更少的一条,
从此决定了我一生的道路。
译文出处http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_51e6e1c601008ulj.html
文章梗概
《未选择的路》(The Road Not Taken)是弗罗斯特最著名的诗篇之一。诗共分四节,每节五行,韵脚是a-b-a-a-b。这首诗的意思很简单:一个秋天的早晨,诗中人正在林中散步,他来到一个三岔路口,不知该选择那一条路。一条路平坦通畅,极目可望见它的尽头;而另一条路幽寂荒凉,充满着引人探索的诱惑。最后作者决定选择那条没有人走过的路,却又感慨万端。仔细品味,诗中对路途的选择更是对人生决定的隐喻。人的一生中总是面对种种选择:走一条大众的道路或是走一条人迹罕至的路途。这种选择对于作者则是至关重要的,也是人生的意义所在(I took the one less traveled by,and that has made all the difference)。
整首诗歌语言简洁易懂,符合弗罗斯特的朴素无华的语言风格。只在个别语句的理解上,需要特别注意。比如第二个诗节开头Then took the other,as just as fair中as just as fair的意思为“几乎一样”,表示选择第二条路时就像选择第一条路一样。
第二个诗节结尾两行:
Though as for that the passing there,
Had worn them really about the same.
这里though引导的让步状语从句中,主语是that passing,完整的句子应为:that passing had worn them really about the same.由于前一句中提到:Because it was grassy and wanted wear,所以两条路都是没有被人们践踏过的,因此在理解时,worn them about the same的意思应与前一句的wanted wear相对应,表示两条路都人迹罕至。
第三个诗节的前两个行:
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
这两行诗的主语为both,指代的是前文提到过的两条路,谓语为lay,no step had trodden black是leaves的定语从句,表示覆盖在两条路上的叶子都没有被人践踏过。学
生在此处应注意寻找诗歌中的主干,这样理解起来才能更加准确。
词汇
diverge[daɪ′vɜdʒ]vi.分歧;偏离;分叉;离题
vt.使偏离;使分叉
bend[bɛnd]vi.弯曲,屈服
as just as fair几乎一样
trod[trɑd]vi.践踏
wear[wɛr]n.磨损
Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of ANNABEL LEE;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
I was a child and she was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea;
But we loved with a love that was more than love-
I and my Annabel Lee;
With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
Coveted her and me.
And this was the reason that,long ago,
In this kingdom by the sea,
A wind blew out of a cloud,chilling
My beautiful Annabel Lee;
So that her highborn kinsman came
And bore her away from me,
To shut her up in a sepulchre
In this kingdom by the sea.
The angels,not half so happy in heaven,
Went envying her and me-
Yes!-that was the reason(as all men know,
In this kingdom by the sea)
That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we-
Of many far wiser than we-
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And so,all the night-tide,I lie down by the side
Of my darling-my darling-my life and my bride,
In the sepulchre there by the sea,
In her tomb by the sounding sea.
安娜贝尔•李
长风译
多年以前,
在一个海边的王国里,
住着一位姑娘,也许你曾听说,
她名叫安娜贝尔•李——
她唯一的心思,
就是她与我的情意。
那时她和我都很年轻,
在海边的那个王国里,
我俩山盟海誓——
我和我的安娜贝尔•李——
连天堂的六翼天使
对她和我也心生妒意。
正因如此,多年以前,
在海边的那个王国里,
从云间吹来的凉风
冻死我的安娜贝尔•李;
于是她显贵的亲戚
把她从我身旁带离,
埋入石凿的墓地,
就在海边的那个王国里。
天堂里毫无快乐的天使
对她和我一直心存妒意;
对!正因如此
(在海边那个王国里众所周知)
夜里从云间吹来的凉风,
冻死我的安娜贝尔•李。
但我俩的柔情蜜意,
更年长人的爱不可比拟——
更聪明人的情无法相提——
无论是天堂里的天使
还是海底的鬼蜮,
都不能使我们的灵魂分离,
我和我的安娜贝尔•李——
因为在月华光照的梦里
总有我美丽的安娜贝尔•李;
在星斗闪烁的夜里
总有她那明亮的眼睛;
所以每当夜深人静,我都和她躺在一起,
而她,我的爱,我的生命,我的娇妻
躺在海边的石棺里——
在怒海边的墓地。
译文出处http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8a3d856e0101h9r1.html
文章梗概
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809~1849),19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家,美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。长期担任报刊编辑工作。其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样,在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。爱伦·坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世,他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一,又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖,进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家,从而导致贫困潦倒。
《安娜贝尔·李》(Annabel Lee)是爱伦·坡写给亡妻的一首挽歌。诗中描绘的爱情伟大、炽热,以至于引起了天使的嫉妒(seraph),带走了安娜贝尔·李,破坏了他们的爱情。但诗人对安娜贝尔·李的爱是永恒不变的,即便是被死亡相隔。所以在海边,诗人依旧可以看见爱人,心心相依。
全诗的语言韵律十足,整首诗歌自然流畅。多次出现的“ee”音节,在sea,lee,we中反复出现,加强了全诗的韵律感。阅读诗歌时依旧需要判断每一诗行之间,对主语的判断以及其他成分的把握。
词汇
maiden[′medn]n.少女
coveted[′kʌvitid]adj.垂涎的;梦寐以求的
seraph[′sɛrǝf]n.六翼天使
sepulcher[′sɛpǝlkɚ]n.坟墓
dissever[dɪs′sɛvɚ]vt.使分离;使分裂vi.分开;割裂
beam[bim]vt.发送;以梁支撑;用⋯⋯照射;流露
To an Athlete Dying Young
A.E.Housman
The time you won your town the race
We chaired you through the market-place;
Man and boy stood cheering by,
And home we brought you shoulder-high.
Today,the road all runners come,
Shoulder-high we bring you home,
And set you at your threshold down,
Townsman of a stiller town.
Smart lad,to slip betimes away
From fields were glory does not stay
And early though the laurel grows
It withers quicker than the rose.
Eyes the shady night has shut
Cannot see the record cut,
And silence sounds no worse than cheers
After earth has stopped the ears:
Now you will not swell the rout
Of lads that wore their honors out,
Runners whom renown outran
And the name died before the man.
So set,before its echoes fade,
The fleet foot on the sill of shade,
And hold to the low lintel up
The still-defended challenge-cup.
And round that early-laurelled head
Will flock to gaze the strengthless dead,
And find unwithered on its curls
he garland briefer than a girl’s.
献给一位英年早逝的运动员
A.E.霍斯曼
当年你为小镇赢得了胜利,
我们举起你穿过市场,
男女老幼为你欢呼鹊跃,
把你抬在肩头上凯旋。
今天,人们又聚集在一起
我们把你抬在肩上为你送行,
轻轻放你归于尘土,
小镇为你肃穆宁静。
英俊青年早早夭折,
荣耀不能为谁停留,
月桂树转瞬苍翠,
却比玫瑰凋零的还快。
黑夜的幕布拉下,
再也看不到记录刷新,
沉寂不会比欢呼更糟,
大地将你永远隔绝。
你将不会被击败,
他们的荣耀迅速消失。
新的记录不断刷新,
他们的名字比逝去的,
更早被遗忘。
趁着荣耀消逝之前,
敏捷双脚踏上归途。
在门梁上悬挂着的是,
永恒的冠军奖杯。
你戴着娇嫩的月桂花冠,
人们聚集凝视着逝者。
发卷上的花冠还没有枯萎,
尽管比少女卷发还短。
文章梗概
A.E.Housman(1859~1936),英国现代最伟大的古典学者之一和杰出的诗人,生于英国渥斯特郡。《西罗普郡少年》出版于1896年,此后直到1922年,霍思曼才出版了他的第二部诗集《诗后集》。他被称为19世纪90年代露头角的三大诗人之一(另外两位是哈代和叶芝)。他诗歌中的美感、简约和独特的意向非常接近维多利亚晚期和爱德华时期的风格。
Houseman通过《献给英年早逝的运动员》这首诗,描述了一位曾经为小镇夺得优异成绩的运动员早逝的场景:曾经人们把这位运动员高抬肩上欢呼凯旋,现在却只能将他的遗体送到他的家门口。这时诗人则感慨荣誉转瞬即逝,如若运动员不早逝,则要面对成绩被超越,荣誉易主这样的事实。但现在,黄土漫过了运动员的双耳,他也无需再为此而担心。在诗人看来,在这样一个“时刻踏上归途”则是再明智不过的了。
本首诗歌的语言简洁明了,每个诗节押韵的方式为AABB。考生在阅读过程中需要判断哪几个诗节是诗人描述的真实场景,哪几个诗节中诗人表达了个人感受。语言层面,本首诗歌的语言依旧是一般诗歌的语言特点,几个诗行为一句完整的话。考生可以通过阅读诗歌,熟悉诗歌的语言方式,加强对英文诗歌的理解,以达到备考目的。
词汇
shady[′∫edi]adj.成荫的;阴暗的;
betimes[bɪ′taɪmz]adv.及时,准时;早
swell[swɛl]vi.膨胀;肿胀
rout n.[raʊt]溃败;暴动
lintel[′lɪntl]n.[建]过梁
garland[′gɑrlǝnd]n.花环