7大场景（六）环保科学
熟悉场景
在博士研究生入学的英语听力考试中，涉及环保与科学这个场景的内容还是比较多的，这个场景中常用的词汇也比较多。
（1）环境保护场景
场景人物：学生、教授、环保人士
场景涉及内容：
引起环境污染的原因，如汽车尾气、砍伐森林等；
如何解决环境问题，如开发使用新能源、低碳生活、提高燃料等使用率等；
对某个环境问题的态度或观点。
场景词汇：conservation；acid；carbon；meteorology；volcano；eruption等。
（2）科技场景
场景人物：教授、学生、专家
场景涉及内容：
就某个科技话题进行陈述，如工业的发展等；
就某个科技话题表明态度，如心理治疗的优缺点、某个电子设备对人群的影响等；
人与科技的关系，如高科技给人类带来的学习、教育、工作、生活方面的变化。
场景词汇：advanced technology；sophisticated technology；high-tech；progression；distance education；be indifferent to（漠视……）；be isolated/alienated等。
答题技巧
（1）熟悉环保科学场景的词汇。这个场景涉及的词汇量比较大，有时涉及的话题可能是考生不熟悉的，因此掌握相关词汇是必要的。
（2）把握线索，分清主次。环保科学场景多为对某个环保问题或科技问题的讨论，关键信息多集中在回答问题的一方。把握这样的线索，就可以做到分清主次、有的放矢。
（3）小心陷阱。环保科学场景经常涉及对某个问题的看法和态度，注重转折、因果处的信息。做题时在全面听懂并且理解材料的基础上进行冷静地思考后再做出选择。
（4）根据结尾处的核心词汇锁定答案。长对话中一个出题规律就是在结尾处出题，针对将要做什么，或者提出什么建议进行提问，因此答题的关键就在于锁定结尾处的核心词。
典型真题
No.5
9.A.Their average life span was less than 50 years.
B.It was very common for them to have 12 children.
C.They retired from work much earlier than today.
D.They were quite optimistic about their future.
10.A.Get ready for ecological changes. B.Adapt to the new environment.
C.Learn to use new technology. D.Explore ways to stay young.
【名师点评】
9.A。原文中的the year of 1900在题干中重现，据此定位。原文中的didn’t live beyond与选项A中的was less than对应；原文中的50在选项A中重现。故答案为A。life span意为“寿命”。
10.C。原文中的educate people与选项C中的Learn对应，原文中的to use new technology在选项C中重现。故答案为C。
【听力原文】
W:Hi，Professor Smith.I heard you’ve written a book titled Visions.
M:Yes.It explains how science will revolutionize the 21st century.(https://www.daowen.com)
W:Could I ask you some questions concerning the book?
M:Sure.
W:Are you optimistic about the future?
M:Generally，yeah.If we go back to the year of 1900，most Americans didn’t live beyond the age of 50.Since then，we’ve had improvements in health care and technology.There is no reason why these won’t continue far into the 21st century.
W:Are we ready for the changes that will come?
M:Changes are already happening.The future is here now.We have DNA，microchips，the Internet.Some people’s reaction is to say，we are too old；we don’t understand new technology.My reaction is to say，we must educate people to use new technology now.
W:Is world population going to be a big problem?
M:Yes，and no.I think that world population will stop increasing as we all get richer.If you are a part of the middle class，you don’t want or need 12 children.
Q9:What does Professor Smith say about most Americans around the year of 1900?
Q10:What does Professor Smith advise we do?
实战演练
No.6
11.Who do NOT use the facsimile machine according to the conversation?
A.Engineers.B.Shopkeeper.
C.Professional people.D.Surveyors.
12.According to Charles，people send messages via facsimile because____.
A.it is cheaper and faster than ordinary mail
B.it is faster and not much more expensive than mail
C.it can send things that could not be expressed by telex
D.the Royal Mail could not reach places abroad
【名师点评】
11.B。对话中谈到许多professional people需要传真服务，professional people，surveyors，engineers都会使用传真机，只有shopkeeper除外。同时仔细看选项会发现只有shopkeeper和其他三个选项不属于同一个范畴，答案应该不难得出。故答案为B。
12.C。原文中的could send messages via telex，but a telex can’t express a plan提到人们使用传真机是因为电报不能传送设计图，而传真机可以。故答案为C。选项A，B，D的内容对话中没有涉及，不符合题意。
【听力原文】
W:Well，Charles，I must say that your shop is pretty remarkable.Um，it’s basically a sweet shop，but you also do stationery，greeting cards，tobacco and fireworks...
M:And newspapers.
W:And newspapers.Ah.And apart from all that，you’ve got photocopiers...
M:That’s right.
W:And a fax machine.
M:Indeed.
W:Yes.How did...I mean，why the photocopiers?
M:Everything that’s happened in my shop has almost happened by accident.But when I got into Clifton，I needed a photocopy one day and no one could tell me where to go.So it struck me that if I didn’t know where to go，other people were in the same situation，so that’s why I started it.And then I added on a facsimile machine because it seemed like a natural progression at the time.And all sorts of people use it.
W:Yes，who，what sort of people do use it?
M:Um，a lot of professional people—surveyors，engineers—particularly people who need to send plans.Because in the past you could send messages via telex，but a telex can’t express a plan，whereas facsimile has that dimension，the added dimension.
W:Right.And do people send these fax messages abroad，or is it just to this country?
M:Well，it’s surprising because when I started，I thought I’d be sending things to London and maybe Birmingham，but in fact，a high percentage of it is sent abroad，because it’s immediate，it’s very speedy.