考点一 上下文动词词义辨析
典型真题
例1：
The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively____by the use of humor.（复旦大学2012年）
A.acquainted B.installed C.regulated D.facilitated
【名师点评】D。解答该题的关键是根据主语来确定答案。本题干句子的主语development与D项facilitated“促进，帮助”搭配符合上下文语义，使用幽默能够有效地促进……的发展，其他选项不符合逻辑。因此，D项为正确答案。
例2：
Science is based on experiment，on a willingness to____old dogma，on an openness to see the universe as it really is.（山东大学2014年）
A.encounter B.convert C.challenge D.formulate
【名师点评】C。解答该题需要根据主语及宾语的特点来确定答案。本题中，仅根据宾语old dogma或逻辑主语experiment和willingness无法确定应该选哪个动词，但三者结合起来考虑，显而易见，空格中应填入与see同类的动词。选项中，只有challenge（挑战）符合句意，故答案为C。
实战演练
1.We will encourage every school to____its character，ethos and areas of special interest within a more flexible National Curriculum framework.
A.facilitate B.enhance C.acquaint D.install
2.Mike just discovered that his passport had____three months ago.
A.abolished B.expired C.amended D.constrained
3.I didn’t say anything like that at all.You are purposely____my ideas to prove your point.
A.revising B.contradicting C.distorting D.distracting
4.Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire，we can report that the rebellion has in the main been____.
A.canceled B.destroyed C.suppressed D.restrained
5.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want，the question____a variety of answers.
A.defies B.magnifies C.mediates D.evokes
6.It was suggested that all government ministers should____information on their financial interests.(https://www.daowen.com)
A.discover B.uncover C.tell D.disclose
7.If businessmen are taxed too much，they will no longer be motivated to work hard，with the result that incomes from taxation might actually____.
A.shrink B.delay C.disperse D.sink
8.The eldest child is thoroughly____because they always give him whatever he wants.
A.wasted B.spoiled C.destroyed D.uneducated
9.As there was no road，the travelers____up a rocky slope on their way back.
A.ran B.hurried C.scrambled D.crawled
10.Thousands of people turned out into the streets to____against the local authorities’decision to build a highway across the field.
A.contradict B.reform C.counter D.protest
【名师点评】
1.B。解答该题的关键是根据宾语的特点来确定答案。本句子中提到了character，ethosand areas of special interest，选项中只有enhance与此搭配符合逻辑，故答案为B。
2.B。解答该题的关键是根据主语的特点来确定答案。根据主语passport（护照）可立即确定答案为expired（过期），故答案为B。
3.C。解答该题的关键是根据语境和宾语的特点来确定答案。选项中与ideas搭配的动词只有revising（改编，修改）和distorting（歪曲，曲解）。根据前一句中didn’t say anything提供的语境，只有distorting符合句意，故C为正确答案。A、B和D填入句中均说不通，或很别扭，故均应排除。
4.C。解答该题的关键是根据主语的特点来确定答案。空格处填入动词的直接主语是the rebellion（起义、暴动），选项中与此名词搭配合理的只有suppressed（被镇压），故答案为C。
5.D。本题中，仅根据宾语a variety of answers或主语the question无法确定该选哪个动词，但结合起来考虑，答案evokes便显而易见。如是不及物动词，则可同时根据其主语及状语修饰语来进行判断。
6.D。解答该题的关键是根据宾语的特点来确定答案。discover“发现”；uncover“揭露，发现”；tell“告诉”；disclose“公开；揭露”。根据句意，所填词应表示“公开”的含义，故答案为D。
7.A。解答该题的关键是根据从句主语的特点来确定答案。shrink“收缩，缩短”；delay“耽搁，延迟”；disperse“（使）分散，疏散”；sink“下沉”。形容经济、收入、规模缩小，一般用shrink。
8.B。解答该题的关键是根据从句来确定答案。waste“使衰弱；使消瘦”；spoil“宠坏，溺爱”；destroy“破坏；毁灭”；uneducated意为“未受（良好）教育的”。根据后半句because引导的从句，判断答案为B。
9.C。解答该题的关键是根据宾语来确定答案。根据句意，应找一个和“陡峭的山坡”（rocky slope）搭配的动词，而且是往上（up）爬。run“跑”明显不合适；hurry“匆忙，赶紧”，和句意无关；crawl“爬，爬行”，虽然也是爬，但它表示手肘、膝盖落在地面上慢慢爬行。scramble“快速攀爬，攀登”，最符合题意，故答
案为C。
10.D。解答该题的关键是根据主语和宾语来确定答案。contradict“同……相抵触”，为及物动词，后直接跟宾语；reform“改革，革新”，一般不与against连用；counter“反击”，一般指语言；protest“抗议”，一般同against连用。故答案为D。