考点三 近形异义动词辨析
典型真题
例1：
While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very____.（北京大学2011年）
A.trigger B.meager C.vigor D.linger
【名师点评】B。选项中的词均以-ger或-gor结尾，但意思不同。由句首的转折连词While判断，空格应填入的是贬义的动词。meager意为“贫乏的，不足的”，符合句意。trigger“引发；引起；触发”；vigor“精力，活力”；linger“逗留；闲荡”。
例2：
A tyre____when you pump air into it；it shrinks when the air is gone.（厦门大学2014年）
A.explores B.expands C.exploits D.exposes
【名师点评】B。选项中的词均以ex-开头，但意义不同。explore“探索，探测，探险”；expand“膨胀”；exploit“开发，剥削，开采”；expose“揭露，揭发”。句意为：当你打气进去，轮胎会鼓起来；当气跑了，它就会瘪掉。根据句意，只有B项expands“膨胀”符合句意，故选项B正确。
例3：
If you see that the street is wet in the morning，you would____that it must have rained during the night.（中国科学院2012年）
A.reduce B.seduce C.deduce D.induce
【名师点评】C。选项中的词均以-duce结尾，但意思有差别。reduce“减少”；seduce“勾引”；deduce“推断”；induce“诱导”。根据句意可知是推断出夜里下雨，不可能是别的，故答案为C。
实战演练
1.To____is to save and protect，to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.
A.conserve B.conceive C.convert D.contrive
2.All the students have to____to the rules and the regulations of the school.
A.confirm B.confront C.confine D.conform
3.Jimmy earns his living by____works of art in the museum.
A.recovering B.restoring C.renewing D.reviving
4.The use of money is not limited to high civilizations；actually many primitive peoples
have____moneys of their own.
A.discovered B.devised C.diverted D.diversified(https://www.daowen.com)
5.In ancient times people who were thought to have the ability to____dreams were likely to be highly respected.
A.impart B.inherit C.interpret D.intervene
6.Such a change would not____to the wishes of the great majority of the people.
A.conform B.confirm C.confine D.confront
7.To____for his unpleasant suffering and low spirits he drank a little more than that was good for him.
A.commence B.compromise C.compensate D.compliment
8.The link worker can help____language and cultural barriers between the doctor or nurse and the patient.
A.overshadow B.overcome C.overwhelm D.overturn
9.North Island，South Island，and Steward Island are the three large islands that____the country of New Zealand.
A.compact B.compose C.comply D.comprise
10.He hastened to____me that there was nothing traumatic to report.
A.assure B.ensure C.insure D.guarantee
答案解析
1.A。conserve“保存，保养，保藏”；conceive“构思出，想象，猜测；抱有……的想法”；convert“改变，转变，转化”，常用于convert...into...结构中；contrive“设计出，发明，策划”。题意是：保存就是保留并保护好我们自己喜欢的东西……，故答案为A。
2.D。confirm“确认，确定；批准，认可；使巩固，使坚定”；confront“面对，面临；遭受；对抗”，常用于短语be confronted with；confine“限制；禁闭”，常用于短语confine...to；conform“适合，相似；符合，遵守”，常接介词to。根据题意：所有的学生必须遵守学校的规章制度，故答案为D。
3.B。选项中的词均以re-开头。recover“康复”；restore“使恢复原样，修复”；renew“翻新，更新”；revive“复活，再流行”。选项中能与works of art搭配的动词只有restoring，故答案为B。
4.B。选项中的动词均以di-开头。discover“发现”；devise“设计，发明”；divert“转移，使转向”；diversify“使不同”，使多样化。选项中能与moneys搭配的动词只有devise，故答案为B。
5.C。选项中的动词以in-，im-开头。impart“分给，给予”；inherit“继承”；interpret“解释，诠释”；intervene“干预，干涉”。根据句意，people对dreams是进行解释，故答案为C。
6.A。选项中的动词均以con-开头。conform常与介词to/with搭配，意为“符合；适合；使一致”，符合题意；confirm常被用作及物动词，意为“证实；巩固；批准”；confine常与介词to连用，意为“限制；禁闭”；confront常与介词with连用，意为“使……面对，使与……遭遇”。
7.C。选项中的动词均以com-开头。commence“开始”；compromise“妥协”；compensate“补偿，赔偿”；compliment“赞扬”。根据句中unpleasant suffering判定，填入compensate符合句意和上下文语义，故答案为C。
8.B。选项中的动词均以over-开头。overcome“克服”，其后宾语往往是困难或者障碍，中介工人能帮助克服医生或护士与病人之间在语言和文化上的障碍，故答案为B。其他选项overshadow“覆盖”；overwhelm“压倒”；overturn“推翻”，均不符合题意。
9.D。选项中的动词均以com-开头。compact“使紧密结合，使坚实”；compose“（常用被动）组成，构成”；comply“遵从，依从”；comprise“包含，包括”。根据句意，comprise符合要求。
10.A。assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信，其宾语通常是人或人称代词；ensure是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生；insure是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保；guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证。故答案为A。