考点一 名词词义辨析
典型真题
例1：
The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing____.（浙江大学2013年）
A.surgeon B.suspicion C.ceremony D.target
【名师点评】C。名词词义辨析。surgeon“外科”；suspicion“怀疑”；ceremony“仪式”；target“预算”。根据句意，重量级人物参加的是闭幕式，故答案为C。
例2：
It has been proposed by many linguists that human language____，our biologically programmed ability to use language，is still not well defined and understood.（复旦大学2012年）
A.potentiality B.perception C.faculty D.acquisition
【名师点评】C。选项中，能与human language搭配的是C项，意为“人类语言能力”，并且与下文的ability对应，符合上下文语义。因此，C项符合题意。注意faculty通常使用的含义为“科，系，教员”。
例3：
When the relationship of parents and children is at this low____，mutual love and respect need careful maintenance and rebuilding.（中国科学院2014年）
A.rate B.rank C.scale D.ebb
【名师点评】D。名词词义辨析。rate“比率，率，速度，价格，等级”；rank“排，等级，军衔，队列”；scale“规模，比例，鳞，刻度，天平，数值范围”；ebb“衰退，退潮，衰落”。句意：当父母和孩子的关系处在低谷时，相互的爱和尊重需要精心的维护和重建。结合句意，ebb更合理。故答案为D。
实战演练
1.Once the animal’s usual sources of nourishment have been exhausted，acorns are its only means of____.
A.resuscitation B.distraction C subsistence D.camouflage
2.Metis，the innermost____of Jupiter，completes a full revolution around this giant planet every seven hours.
A.atmosphere B.constellation C.core D.satellite
3.The new composite material exhibits an extraordinary degree of____，which enables it to be molded into almost any shape.
A.plasticity B.resonance C.inertness D.buoyancy
4.Many discussions are written by professionals who have been trained to put client interests first and whose arguments tend to reflect that____.
A.overview B.inspiration C.speculation D.perspective(https://www.daowen.com)
5.The Seats Company recently made____because of financial troubles.
A.cuts B.demands C.omissions D.orders
6.While in bed，the doctor was telephoned to go back to the hospital because of case.
A.a treatment B.an operation C.an incident D.an emergency
7.It is a legal____for parents to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.
A.sympathy B.obligation C.impulse D.influence
8.He left early on the____that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.
A.instruction B.excuse C.knowledge D.precondition
9.The American professor came to realize that he had underestimated the____of most of the Chinese students.
A.magnitude B.gradient C.potential D.firmness
10.If a person talks about his weak points，his listener is expected to say something in the way of____.
A.persuasion B.remedy C.encouragement D.compromise
答案解析
1.C。resuscitation“复兴”；distraction“分散注意力，精神错乱”；subsistence“生存”；camouflage“掩饰，伪装”。空格的名词表示acorns are its only means of...（橡果是唯一……的方法）。空格应该体现nourishment（营养物）的概念，故答案为C。
2.D。空格中填入的名词表示Metis是Jupiter的……。中间部分是插入语，与后面的句子构成修饰关系，所以空格应体现围绕公转（revolution）的语义。答案为satellite（卫星）。
3.A。plasticity“可塑性”；resonance“洪亮，共鸣”；inertness“惰性”；buoyancy“浮力”。空格中填入的名词，表示composite material（复合材料）的性质。逗号后面的从句与空格构成修饰关系，所以空格填入的名词为可以体现be molded into almost any shape（被塑造成任意的形状）性质的名词，故答案为A。
4.D。overview“概述”；inspiration“灵感”；speculation“思索，推测”；perspective“观点，看法”。根据句中的主语discussions，arguments判定“客户至上”是一观点，故答案为D。
5.A。根据提示词语financial troubles以及逻辑关系的分析和判断，cuts（消减支出）符合句意。其他选项不符合题意。故答案为A。
6.D。treatment“待遇，处理，治疗”；operation“操作，手术”；incident“事件，事变”；emergency“紧急情况，突发事件”。根据句意，an emergency case意为“急症病例”，故答案为D。
7.B。sympathy“同情，同情心”；obligation“义务，责任”；impulse“冲动，刺激”；influence“影响，感化”。根据句中legal提供的语境，parents to ensure...children...是一种义务，故答案为B。
8.B。instruction“指示”；excuse“托词，借口”；knowledge“知识，学问”；precondition“前提”。根据句中left early提供的语境，a bad toothache是借口，故答案为B。
9.C。manitude“大小，重要的程度”；gradient“坡度，倾斜度”；potential“潜力，潜能”；firmness“稳固，坚实”。根据本题句意，underestimated只能与potential搭配，故答案为C。
10.C。persuasion“劝说，劝告”；remedy“治疗法，补救”；encouragement“鼓励”；compromise“妥协，折中”。句中If引导条件句，空格中填入的名词应与is expected to对应。选项中，只有encouragement符合，故答案为C。