考点三 近形异义名词辨析
典型真题
例1：
Whenever a camera was pointed at her，Marilyn would instantly herself into a radiant star.（复旦大学2014年）
A.transfer B.translate C.transform D.transport
【名师点评】C。选项中的四个单词均带有trans-的前缀，但意义不同。transfer“转让，转移”；translate“翻译”；transform“改变”，常与into搭配使用；transport“运输”。句中的语境为变成 一个光芒四射的明星。故答案为C。
例2：
Changing from solid to liquid，water takes in heat from all substances near it，and this____produces artificial cold surrounding it.（山东大学2013年）
A.absorption B.transition C.consumption D.interaction
【名师点评】A。选项都是以-tion为结尾，但意思却相差甚远。absorption“吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption“消费，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。根据句意，应选择A项。
例3：
The____of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.（浙江大学2013年）
A.remark B.relationship C.removal D.innovation
【名师点评】D。近形词义辨析。选项中，前三个单词均以re-开头，remark“评论”；relationship“关系”；removal“去掉”，均不能与jet travel搭配，只有innovation（发明）符合句意，故答案为D。
实战演练
1.If you want this pain killer，you’ll have to ask the doctor for a____.
A.receipt B.recipe C.subscription D.prescription
2.Which of these warring____develops as we mature and which ones are
transcended，has everything to do with the adults and teachers in our lives.
A.instants B.instances C.instincts D.intelligences
3.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud，wisdom comes from the____of maturity.
A.fulfillment B.achievement
C.establishment D.accomplishment
4.The forest ranger cautioned the hikers that their proposed route might prove dangerous，but they ignored her____.(https://www.daowen.com)
A.vacillation B.indiscretion C.admonition D.prohibition
5.International students are almost always invited，through organized____activities，into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.
A.hospitality B.hostility C.disability D.possibility
6.Retirement is obviously a very complex____period；and the earlier you start planning for it，the better.
A.transition B.transaction C.transmission D.transformation
7.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal____of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.
A.measure B.intermediate C.medium D.mechanism
8.Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth，comfort and____.
A.stability B.capability C.durability D.availability
9.The new technological revolution on American newspapers has brought increased____，a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.
A.manipulation B.reproduction C.circulation D.penetration
10.The government’s____of sending its troops to Iraq last week triggered mass demonstrations in this Western country.
A.resumption B.presumption C.assumption D.consumption
答案解析
1.D。A、B两词和C、D两词分别组成两组近形干扰，两组干扰词又通过“配方，单据，食谱”之意巧妙组合在一起。考生只要注意到题干中的doctor和pain killer（止痛剂）就能明确答案为D。
2.C。选项中的词以inst-，int-开头。instinct“天生的本领”；instant“瞬间，时刻”；instance“相依物体，例子；实体”；intelligence“情报”。选项中，能与形容词warring（战斗的，敌对的）搭配的名词只有instincts，故答案为C。
3.B。选项中的词均以-ment结尾。fulfillment的释义为the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled“履行，实行”；achievement的释义为something successfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work“取得，达到，成就”；establishment“建立，建设”；accomplishment“（顺利）完成”。根据句意，只有achievement符合句意，故答案为B。
4.C。选项中的词均以-tion结尾。vacillation“踌躇，犹豫”；indiscretion“不谨慎，鲁莽”；admonition“告诫，警告”；prohibition“禁止”。空格中填入的名词表示the forest ranger（森林管理员的）...，but表示前后反义，但是在本句中没有影响，因为ignore表示否定的含义，所以空格处填入表示“警告”的语义的名词。故答案为C。
5.A。选项中的词均以-lity结尾。hospitality“热情招待，殷勤好客”；hostility来自形容词hostile（不友善的，敌对的），“敌意，对抗”；disability“残疾；无能；无资格”；possibility“可能性；可能发生的事物”。根据句中谓语invited判断，hospitality符合句意，故答案为A。
6.A。选项中的词以trans-开头。transition“（从一种状态到另一种状态等的）转变，过渡”，符合句中retirement的状态。故答案为A。transaction“交易”；transmission“传播”；transformation“改变，变化”。
7.C。选项中的词以me-，interme-开头。measure“措施，办法”；intermediate指时间、空间、程度的“中间物”；medium“媒介”，复数形式是media或mediums；mechanism“机制；机械装置；机件”。根据主语Money，能与exchange搭配的名词为medium，故答案为C。
8.C。选项中的词以-bility结尾。stability“稳定性”；capability“性能，能力”；durability“耐用性”；availability“有效性，可用性”。由词义可知，只有C“耐用性”与“保暖性，舒适度”为同一语域，故答案为C。
9.C。选项中的词以-tion结尾。manipulation“处理，控制，操纵”；reproduction“繁殖，再现，复制品”；circulation“循环，流通，发行量”；penetration“穿过，渗透，突破”。分析句子可知，空格应填入与publications and an expansion意思相近的名词，只有circulation符合，故答案为C。
10.A。选项中的词以-sumption结尾。resumption“继续”；presumption“推测，假定”；assumption“假设，假定”；consumption“消费，消耗”。分析句子可知，空格应填入与last week意思对应的名词，resumption符合本题的题意，故答案为A。