考点一 不相干词辨析
技巧点拨
完形填空所涉及的词汇题主要考查难词识别、近义词辨析和形近易混词的辨析。难词识别指的是四个选项设置为没有相互联系的难词，词形词义均不同，仅仅考查考生对难词词义的识别，只要你认识，就能做出来，不认识，就束手无策。此类题主要考查考生对构成语篇词汇的认知能力。此类题要求考生有较大的词汇量，备选项中的词汇多数为考博英语词汇表中要求领会或掌握的单词。此类题应特别注意一词多义以及所选的答案与题干中其他词的搭配。
例1：
Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school，the increased____of drugs and alcohol，and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act，although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A.expense B.restriction C.allocation D.availability
分析：D。选项是四个关系不大的名词辨析。expense“开支，费用”；restriction“限制，局限”；allocation“分配，配置”；availability“可获得性，可得到性”。根据语义，药物和酒精的可得到性增加导致孩子的攻击性行为。故答案为D。
例2：
From childhood to old age，we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first evolved，they were like newborn children，unable to use this____tool.Yet once language developed，the possibilities for human kind’s future attainments and cultural growth increased.
A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
分析：A。选项是四个关系不大的形容词辨析。根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言。valuable“珍贵的”；appropriate“合适的，适当的”；convenient“方便的，便利的”；favorite“最喜欢的”。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。故答案为A。
典型真题
例1：
In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors displeased at being deposed by science，which they regarded as right-leaning.Postmodernism 27 ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is relative and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer.（北京大学2013年）
27.A.discounted B.doubted C.adopted D.shared
【名师点评】C。动词词义辨析。discount“打折，贴现”；doubt“怀疑”；adopt“采纳”；share“共享”。根据上下文，后现代主义“采纳”了某些观点，adopt与ideas搭配合理。故答案为C。
例2：
After that，the boys were seen less and less and 85 disappeared.It is said that they were suffocated in bed by pillows being pressed over their mouths.
85.A.eventually B.later C.lastly D.completely
【名师点评】A。副词词义辨析。根据原文中的less and less and...判断，此处是逐渐变化的过程，应该用eventually，意为“最终”。故答案为A。
例3：
“We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes，few constraints，and little idea of the potential 50 ，”said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.（山东大学2013年）
50.A.navigations B.mystery C.outcomes D.destinations
【名师点评】C。名词词义辨析。little idea of意为“不知道”。navigation“航行，航海”；mystery“神秘”；outcome“产生，结局”；destination“目的地，终点”。根据句意，不知道基因技术会带来的潜在结果。故答案为C。
实战演练
1.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the20th century.Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always in the heart of a town.This street was____on both sides with many various businesses.
A.built B.designed C.intended D.lined
2.They even propose the use of graphic warnings for junk food，similar to those on cigarette packages，which now have pictures of a dying cancer____on them.They would discuss a tax on junk foods.
A.prey B.encounter C.bearer D.victim(https://www.daowen.com)
3.Yet，unfortunately，few attempts have been made to____fathers in thisresocialization process.Although numerous books have been written about mothers，only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
A.educate B.cultivate C.inform D.convert
4.We may want to question the appropriateness of this public relations function.Publicity is not____a good thing.If this publicity is scandalous（or even negative），the school has not benefited.There is a university on the banks of the river that sponsors a“Mississippi River Festival”every summer.
A.especially B.necessarily C.exclusively D.definitely
5.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body，which would involve the expenditure of water and energy，desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever____，and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in gazelles.
A.height B.degree C.scale D.domain
6.It is a highly developed international company with a deep worldwide involvement and a global perspective in its management and decision making.More____，the multinational company in manufacturing does business in a number of countries；it has a substantial commitment of its resources in international business；it engages in international production in a number of countries；and it has a worldwide perspective in its management.
A.specifically B.specially C.socially D.substantially
7.Quite a lot，as it turns out the 4-year-old who is able to hold out in order to receive a second treat is demonstrating more self-control that will serve him or her well as an adult.This ability to control one’s____is just one part of what is called Emotional Intelligence.
A.intelligence B.gratification C.empathy D.impulses
8.It may have to do with how a teacher talks to the class many positive，supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience，annoyance，or irritation.Non-verbal communication，including____expressions，probably plays a role too.
A.facial B.variable C.suggestive D.emotional
9.Thus，the following are possible use of television watching，a proper leisure activity，a change of experience to provide escape from the stress and strain of work；to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment；to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people’s life experiences as____in the programs.
A.portrayed B.described C.related D.narrated
10.Probably the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926.Houdini mastered the art of____.He could free himself from the tightest knots or the most complicated locks in seconds.
A.escaping B.locking C.opening D.dropping
答案解析
1.D。动词词义辨析。build“建造，修建”；design“设计”；intend“打算”；line“沿……排列”。根据上下文和介词on后是both sides判断，此处意为“两旁排列着……商店”。故答案为D。
2.D。名词词义辨析。此处的victim意为“牺牲者”，香烟包装盒上印有即将死于癌症的抽烟者的图案。故答案为D。prey“猎物”；encounter“相遇，邂逅”；bearer“持有者”。
3.A。动词词义辨析。educate“教育”，侧重动机、结果，或对潜在能力的开发；cultivate虽然也有“培养”的意思，但通常指培育植物或培养兴趣；inform“通知，为……提供信息”；convert“转变，转化”，多指形态的变化或信仰的改变。根据下文中的numerous books判断，educate符合语义。
4.B。副词词义辨析。necessarily“必然地，必定地”，常用在否定句中，意为“不一定”，符合本题题意。故答案为B。especially“特别地”；exclusively“独有地，唯一地”；definitely“肯定地，必定地”，多用于肯定句中。
5.A。名词词义辨析。本句中的动词词组rise to表明其后面应该跟达到的具体数据，选项中可以表示点的有degree和height。fever很少与degree直接搭配，可说the degree of fever，表示具体的发烧度数。fever可与height搭配，表“发烧的程度”，故答案为A。scale“刻度，衡量，比例”；domain“范围，领域”。
6.A。副词词义辨析。specifically“明确地”，使用specifically表明对前面所述事情进一步阐述、说明。specially意为“尤其，特别地”，句中并没有指明在整体中包含某点特别的东西，故排除；socially“在社交方面地”；substantially“充分地，相当地”。根据上下文，specifically符合语义。
7.D。名词义辨析。intelligence“智力，理解力”；gratification“满意，喜悦”；empathy“移情作用，同理心”；impulse“冲动”。在文中与control连用，根据意思只能选择D项。
8.A。形容词词义辨析。facial“面部的，用面部的”；variable“变化的，可变的”；suggestive“提示的，暗示的，使人联想的”；emotional“情绪的，情感的”。根据空格前的Non-verbal communication判定，选项中，只有facial与expressions（面部的表情）搭配符合语义。
9.A。动词词义辨析。分析句子结构可知，as...in the programs在句中做other people’s life experiences的后置定语。所以the programs与other people’s life experiences的关系就是the programs（电视节目）能够描述或展现other people’s life experiences。portrayed意为“描绘，用图画来描绘或表现”，符合要求。故答案为A。
10.A。动词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，魔术家Houdini擅长“逃脱”，他可以轻易地打开锁头，从被锁处逃脱。故答案为A。