二、褒贬一致法
技巧点拨
几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态，及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息。
（1）认真阅读原文，找出反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。
通读原文时，应在掌握文章大意、弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子。描绘褒义语境的常常是轻松、愉快和赞美性语言；描绘贬义语境的常常是沉重、悲伤和批判性语言。这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。寻找语境褒贬的标志性词汇时，应着重阅读首段或首句，因为首段或首句往往体现文章的主旨大意，也就体现了作者的意图，从而就能体现语境褒贬性。确定好语境后，要根据其进行逻辑推理，推断出该语境的未知信息。
（2）注意反映语境褒贬性产生变化的标志性词汇或句子。
有的完形填空语境的褒贬不是贯彻始终而是有所变化的，文意和文章发展方向随着作者的心理、情绪和作者的意图而改变，因此文章未知信息的褒贬性也必然随着改变，因此考生做完形填空题时应认真阅读原文，找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子，并据此进行逻辑判断，从而推断出未知信息。
（3）完整地阅读原文，检验其褒贬语境及变化是否与文意完全吻合。
做完完形填空后，考生一定要把原文完整地读一遍，看看其褒贬语境及变化与文章的情节发展、作者的写作意图是否一致，文义是否顺畅、有道理、一气呵成，再在主旨文义及褒贬语境的指引下，做适当的调整。
典型真题
例1：
And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less 52 then，however，were the new，positive forces that work against the digital divide.Actually，there are reasons to be optimistic.（四川大学2012年）
52.A.obscure B.visible C.invisible D.indistinct
【名师点评】B。形容词词义辨析。根据however和否定意义less判定，空格应填入与new，positive正向的形容词。选项中只有visible（看得见的，明显的）符合上下文。故答案为B。
例2：
Within the next decade or two，one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together.As a result，I now believe the digital divide will 61 rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for preventing world poverty that we’ve ever had.（四川大学2012年）
61.A.decrease B.narrow C.neglect D.low
【名师点评】B。根据句中的rather than判断，空格应填入与widen反义的动词。选项中，narrow（变窄）符合句意。故答案为B。
例3：
This argument 32 with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted，leading to the“political correctness”justifiably 33 by Rush Limbaugh and the“mental masturbation”lampooned by Woody Allen.（北京大学2013年）
32.A.resonated B.agreed C.appealed D.responded
33.A.liked B.approved C.verified D.hated
【名师点评】
32.A。固定搭配和上下文语义理解。根据句子中的widely adopted可推知，这一观点受到广泛的认同。只有resonated与with搭配符合上下文意思，意为“得到共鸣”。故答案为A。agreed应与by搭配，意为“受到……认同”。
33.D。上下文语义理解。此句后半部分and分句表示这一运动受到Woody Allen的讽刺，由此可以推断出，空格处也是表示否定的意思。选项中只有hated表示否定的含义。故答案为D。
实战演练
1.The question is no cycle academic one.The ease with mere people can change from working in the day to working at night is a which of growing importance in industry where automation____round-the-clock working of machines.
A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.matter(https://www.daowen.com)
2.I climbed the stairs slowly，carrying a big suitcase，my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor，I was helpless and at the same time feeling lonely.Worse still，Dad minded a step and fell，sending my new suitcases rolling down the stairs.“Damn！”he screamed，his face turning red.I knew____was ahead.Whenever Dad’s face turns red，look out.
A.suffering B.difficulty C.trouble D.danger
3.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very existence.Newspapers are sold at a price that____even a small fraction of the cost of production.The main source of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.
A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds in
4.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by young people）focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through____with others.
A.interaction B.assimilation C.cooperation D.consultation
5.But it also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment，to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities，to show others what you can do.Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise.It’s an experience in____out，understanding and synthesizing，which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks.
A.searching B.scouting C.plundering D.stretching
6.About 15 percent of heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis，which can be fatal.Changes in the brain and nervous system result in hostile behavior，loss of mental____，and poor judgment.One third of the babies born to mothers who drink heavily，especially during the first trimester，have birth defects or retardation.
A.alert B.villain C.sharpness D.attention
7.The United States is well-known for its network of major higher highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained，with much sharp curves and many straight sections，a direct route is not always the most____one.Large highways often pass by scenic areas and interesting small towns.
A.terrible B.possible C.enjoyable D.profitable____8.This book has been designed to help you capitalize on the strength and overcome the that you bring to the job of learning.But in order to measure your development，you must first take stock of where you stand now.
A.idea B.weakness C.strength D.advantage
9.Many critics consider that far more stress is placed on achievements in athletics than inthe academic sphere.We’re told that it’s____to compel boys with no athletic bent to spend hours of misery on the playground，when，if left to themselves，they would occupy their time far more usefully in some profitable hobby.
A.tyrannical B.bossy C.beastly D.inhumane
10.Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood，____vessels heart rate and oxygen consumption.
A.stabilizing B.boosting C.impairing D.determining
答案解析
1.D。名词词义辨析。空格前的growing importance提示，所填词不应表示消极意义，由此可知答案为D。problem“问题”；difficulty“困难”；trouble“麻烦”都表达消极意义，不符合本句语境，故排除。
2.C。名词词义辨析。文中slowly，lonely，worse still，fell等词带有明显的贬义，反映出文章的沉闷气氛和作者怏怏不乐的心情。父亲的失足、两个手提箱滚落楼梯、父亲的脸变红和喊叫预兆着前边出现了trouble（麻烦）。故答案为C。
3.C。上下文语义理解。根据空格后even提供的信息，此处意为“报纸的售价之低，不足以抵付成本的一小部分”。符合上下文关于广告收入的说法。
4.A。名词词义辨析。原文所提供的信息是“青少年学习犯罪的途径是什么”，空格处的词即表达这个途径，而interaction这个词表达了“与别人交流”的意思，这样与前面的learned criminal behavior就形成合理搭配了。consultation的意思虽然符合上下文要求，但不能与with搭配；assimilation意为“吸收，使同化”，而非“模仿”；cooperation“合作”，有中性偏褒义色彩。此处表示孩子学坏，不是与别人的“合作”关系。
5.A。动词词义辨析。分析上下文，空格应填入与understanding and synthesizing同类的动词。选项中search和out搭配，表示“搜寻，找到”，合乎题意。scout“物色，侦查”，语气过重；plunder“抢劫，掠夺”，感情色彩不对；stretch out“伸展，延展”，不符合语义。
6.C。名词词义辨析。从语法判断本题应当填名词，同时根据上下文的hostile，loss，poor judgment判定空格应填入褒义词，表示“大脑敏锐、灵活”等方面的含义。选项中，alert常做形容词，表示“警惕的，机警的”；villain“坏人，反面角色”；attention不会与mental搭配，只有sharpness能与mental搭配，构成mental sharpness，表示“头脑的敏锐”。故答案为C。
7.C。Although引导转折状语从句，根据本句中的sharp curves判定，此处讲的是公路不好的一面，又因为本句为否定句，所以此处应选择一个褒义形容词，选项中，只有enjoyable（可享受的）为褒义词。故答案为C。
8.B。名词词义辨析。根据动词overcome（克服）以及前面提到的capitalize on the strength，可知所选名词应与前面的strength意思相反，表示负向的词。选项中，weakness意为“弱点”符合要求。故答案为B。
9.B。形容词词义辨析。tyrannical“残暴的，专横的”；bossy“擅自做主的，对别人意见不睬的，跋扈的”；beastly“残忍的”；inhumane“残忍的，不人道的”。这里填入的形容词用来修饰to compel，只有bossy符合要求，其他选项语气过重。故答案为B。
10.B。动词关联对应。由句中的does changes可知填入空格的动词应与该句的谓语produce表达一样的积极意义。选项中，stabilizing“安定，稳定”；boosting“提高，推动，促进”；impairing“损害，削弱”；determining“决定”。符合一致表达的只有boosting。故答案为B。