Passage 3
Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed.Stage one is a honeymoon phase，during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting，picturesque，entertaining and charming.You may notice several superficial differences such as music，food and clothing，and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive.
When you stay in a new environment for a while，you move to stage two—the crisis stage—in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in.In a relationship，you notice annoying habits；in a new country，you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.Suddenly，your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike.The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque“honeymoon”.However，if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically，you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock： recovery.
In recovery，you learn the systems，procedures，language，or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery，competence and comfort.After about two weeks in London，you began to feel familiar with traveling by “tube”，paying in the correct currency，and using some phrases that are unique to English people.You had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad，cultural aspects.In a country that was very different from your own，it would probably have taken you longer to move into the recovery phase.
Finally，the fourth，or adjustment，phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture.You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country’s money and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to social customs.A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible，and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage.If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town，or，the other way round，you may become so well-adapted to the new environment that when you return to your original home，you will again experience culture shock.
1.According to Oberg，people go through four stages when____.
A.their new experience is interesting and entertaining
B.they move to new situations they cannot adapt to
C.the customs of the new situation are negative
D.their new spouse is very different from their perception
2.Which of the following is true about the crisis stage？
A.The sunshine wears off and the relationship breaks.
B.The annoying realities remove the happiness of the honeymoon stage.
C.The difficult situations may let the newcomers go back to home countries.
D.It’s hard to learn the language for a few polite phrases.
3.People may not move to the third phase，recovery，if they____.
A.are not capable of changing their unsuitable personalities
B.give up and cannot view the situation from a realistic aspect
C.cannot grasp the nonverbal behaviors of the new environment
D.stick with the unhappiness and deal with it realistically
4.If the person returns to his home country after a long enough visit from the host country，he may____.
A.obtain better abilities to adapt to the new environment
B.regain some of the initial positive regard
C.no longer live in small towns
D.go through the four stages of cultural shock again
5.It can be inferred from the text that when one person moves to a new environment，his process of feeling is____.
A.happy，sad，familiar and enjoyable
B.positive，comfortable，happy and enthusiastic
C.happy，upset，unique and advocating(https://www.daowen.com)
D.unhappy，upset，comfortable and positive
Words&Expressions
accustom vt. 使习惯于
appeal of 有吸引力
wear off 逐渐减弱，消失；磨损，耗损
culture shock 文化冲击
unique adj. 唯一的，独特的
文章大意
卡尔沃罗·欧博格描述了人们在与他们所熟悉的情况很不同的环境中所经历的四个阶段。第一个阶段是蜜月期。在此期间，新的经历通常被认为是有趣的、生动的、令人愉快的和吸引人的。你可以感受到几种表面上的不同，像音乐、食物、服装和生活在一个崭新环境里的新鲜感使你对周围的一切感到新奇，持肯定的态度。
当你在新的环境中待过一段时间之后，你就会开始第二阶段——即危机阶段。在这个阶段，美好的印象渐渐消失，你明白了必须面对日常生活中的实际问题。在与你的恋爱对象的关系方面，你注意到了令人讨厌的习惯。在新的国家里，你发现与他人建立联系时有重重障碍，你还会发现除了说几句客套话之外，学习当地语言也不容易。突然之间，你的新的专业学习中有一门你不喜欢的课或是有一位你不喜欢的教授。现实中的困难与不快取代了吸引人的、生动的“蜜月”。然而，如果你坚持下去，并且脚踏实地地处理种种不愉快的情况，很有可能你会进入文化冲击的第三阶段：调整恢复阶段。
在调整阶段，你去了解新环境的制度、办事的程序、语言或非语言的行为举止等；基本掌握之后，你就能处理各种问题了，也感到自如了。在伦敦逗留两周之后，你开始熟悉了乘“地铁”，用英镑付款，使用英国人特有的一些短语。你的优势是与英国人说的是基本相同的语言，在广义的文化渊源方面也与他们有许多共同之处。在一个与你自己国家全然不同的国家里，你可能会用上更长的时间才能进入调整恢复阶段。
最后，在新的文化环境中你一切运转良好，近乎自如，这时你已进入第四个阶段，即适应阶段。你再也不需要时时在脑子里把当地的货币换算成你自己国家的货币，你知道服务性机构的地点以及怎样使用服务设施，适应社会习俗对你来说相对容易。对新经历产生一股巨大的喜悦再次成为可能，你在蜜月阶段最初形成的美好印象可能会恢复几分。如果你从大城市到小城市，或是反过来从小城市到大城市，待的时间比较长，你有可能完全适应了新的环境，当你回国后，你甚至会再次经历文化冲击。
答案、考点及解析
1.【答案】B
【考点】时间类细节理解
【解析】根据题干中的关键词Oberg，可以在第一段的第一句话中查找到解答本题的信息。原文指出：人们需要经历四个阶段，当他们experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed，这是一个结构复杂的句子，可见此题是针对语法来命题的。这个时间状语从句中嵌套了两个定语从句，第一个从句的先行词是situations，关系代词that在从句中做主语，改写成句子也就是situations are very different from those；第二个定语从句的先行词是those，关系代词which在从句中做介词to的宾语，改写成句子也就是they are accustomed to those。所以这句话的意思是：人们在与他们所熟悉的情况很不同的环境中经历四个阶段，正是B项的意思。A项表述的是第一阶段的特征，与提问没有联系；而C项中的customs和D项中的spouse表明这两项的内容文章并没有提及。
2.【答案】B
【考点】多项题
【解析】本题综合考查第二个阶段——危机阶段的细节。考生需采取排除法解题。根据A项中的关键词wears off，回现到第二段第一句话，原文提到：shine wears off。此处是引申义，并不是说太阳光消失，而是说第一阶段的兴奋消失，而且，作者也没有提到恋爱关系的break（结束），所以A项为错误答案。根据B项中的关键词happiness of the honeymoon stage，可以在第二段倒数第二句话找到相关信息。原文指出：The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque“honeymoon”.（现实中的困难与不快取代了吸引人的生动的“蜜月”），符合B项的论述，所以B项为正确答案。C项中的go back to home countries（回国）在文章第二段中并没有提及。D项错在原文说的是beyond a few polite phrases（在学会几句客套话之后再学语言很困难），而不是说学几句客套话很困难。
3.【答案】B
【考点】条件判断细节题
【解析】根据题干中的关键词move to the third phase，recovery，可以在第二段倒数第一句话中找到解答本题的相关信息。原文指出：if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically（坚持下去并且脚踏实地地处理种种不愉快的情况），就可以过渡到下一阶段。由此可以推断出：如果你不能坚持下去，不能脚踏实地地处理种种不愉快的情况，就不会进入调整阶段，所以本题也就是把原文中的这个if条件状语从句的内容变为否定，这正是B项的内容。A项的内容personalities（性格），文章并未提及；C项是一个答非所问的干扰项；D项错在原文中的stick with的宾语是the experience，而不是unhappiness，而且后半句也没有变成否定形式。
4.【答案】D
【考点】局部难句理解
【解析】根据题干中的关键词long enough visit，可以发现解答此题的信息出现在最后一段的最后一句。原文中是一个长句，讲的是如果你从一个地方到另一个地方，待的时间比较长，you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you return to your original home，you will again experience culture shock。这是一个so that句型，that后是when引导的时间状语从句，意思是：你有可能完全适应了新的环境，当你回国后甚至会再次经历文化冲击，这正是D项的意思。A项和C项的内容在文中并未提及；而B项说的是适应阶段的特征，是一种答非所问的干扰项。
5.【答案】A
【考点】根据文章内容进行推断
【解析】此题需要考生在理解全文的基础上才可作答。文章介绍了文化冲击的四个阶段及其特点：蜜月阶段，人们对于事物是新鲜的，所以情绪应该是高涨的；危机阶段中，一切不习惯的现实问题都显现出来，所以人的情绪是悲伤的；在调整阶段，作者指出：通过学习，you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery，competence and comfort（你就能处理各种问题了，也感到自如了），对周围环境也比较熟悉了；在适应阶段，作者指出：A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible（对新经历产生一股巨大的喜悦再次成为可能），所以此阶段人们的心绪也是快乐的。这四个阶段的特点正符合A项的说法。