热点演练参考范文
第二部分 写作
写作导学
一、四级写作透视
（一）写作命题方向
1.命题形式
四级写作的命题形式，在2012年12月考次之前，一直是以“英文Directions+中文提纲”的形式为主，偶尔会出现“英文Directions+中文提纲+图表”的形式，但自从2012年12月考次以后，四级写作开始变为只有英文Directions而无中文提纲的命题形式。
从近几次的四级真题来看，这种命题形式主要有四个类型：第一类是哲言命题，英文指示（Directions）中会给出一句能体现出主题的格言或警句或是类似的哲理性话语，要求考生从一定的角度进行分析评论，指示中可能会给出标题，也可能不给，需要考生自拟。第二类是图画或图表命题，命题中给出一个图画或图表，图画中一般会带有一些提示性语言，图表中会提供数据，英文指示（Directions）中则会要求结合图画或图表内容从一定的角度进行分析评论，与第一类命题一样，指示中可能会给出标题，也可能不给，需要考生自拟。第三类是情景式命题，除了英文指示（Directions）以外，命题中会给出简单的情景，要求考生根据该情景进行写作，这种命题经常会带有一定的应用文性质。第四类是单纯的英文Directions命题，Directions中会给出主题和简单的要求，这类命题往往开放性较强，对内容和形式的限定比较宽泛，考生发挥的余地较大。
例1（2014年12月（1）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus activity that has benefited you most.You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.
分析：本题为单纯的英文Directions命题，要求记述一次让自己受益最大的校园活动，含有记叙文的性质，内容开放性较强，考生可根据自己的经历和情况自由发挥。
例2（2013年12月（1））
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
“Dear Andy—How are you？Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes and you come downstairs for something to eat.Love，Mom and Dad.”
分析：本题属于图画命题形式（英文Directions+图画），命题中给出一幅图画，要求考生简要描述图画，并分析图画中所反映的现象。
例3（2015年12月（2））
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
分析：本题属于哲言命题形式（英文Directions中含哲言），命题指示中给出一句哲言，要求对该哲言进行评论，举例证明该哲言中蕴含的道理。
2.题材及体裁
从题材上来看，四级作文主要涉及三个方面的话题：一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题，如2013年6月四级试题（2）的作文主题是关于“学习基本技能的重要性”；二是与人们生活息息相关和有关社会发展变化的热点话题，如2013年12月四级试题（1）的作文主题是关于“互联网对人们交流方式的影响”；三是关于人生哲理以及做人做事道理等方面的话题，如2015年12月四级试题（3）的作文主题是关于“倾听的重要性”。
从体裁上来看，四级作文基本都是短小的论说文，主要包括说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类以及道理阐释类；有时还会考查叙事类作文和应用文，其可能会涉及议论和说明的内容。
以下是2006年实施710分新题型以来四级作文真题的题材和类型统计：
（续）
（续）
（二）写作评分标准
大学英语四级考试大纲规定，四级写作部分所占分值比例为15%，标准分满分为106.5。阅卷评分时按照满分15分计算，最后，再换算成标准分。评分标准共分五个等级：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准对照样卷进行评分，先就总体印象划定作文等级，然后根据具体情况对分数进行适当调整。若认为与某一分数等级相似，即定为该分数，若阅卷过程中发现该作文稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分或减1分。
在总体作文评分原则的指导下，四级作文的评分强调5项标准，即内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式多变和语言规范。各分数档的具体评判标准如下：
2分——条理不清，思路混乱，语言不连贯或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分——基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。
8分——基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
（三）写作基本步骤
四级作文尽管结构并不复杂，但考生仍然需要遵照写作的基本步骤，这样才能避免出现思路不畅、衔接不当、偏题等问题。
第1步：确定各段主题
为了确保作文结构的完整性和紧密性，我们一般建议采用三段式。2012年12月考次以前，命题中大都会给出2～3点中文提纲，这对确定各段主题有很大的提示作用。但近两年的考试中，命题中不再有中文提纲及其他中文提示，而是会给出英文指示和图画或图表，这就给考生确定文章结构和段落主题增加了难度。考生需要结合指示内容或是图画、图表进行分析，从而理清写作思路，确定段落结构和各段主题。
第2步：列出各段提纲
确定各段主题以后，不要匆忙动笔，应该在草稿纸或心中将各段要写的内容大致列出，做到心中有数，这样才能行文流畅，衔接自然。
例（2012年12月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below（Weekly earnings of 2010）.Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Education: A Worthy Investment Weekly Earnings in 2010($)
Source U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics
第一段主题及提纲：描述图表中所反应的现象——概述图表内容；具体描述图表数据；总结图表现象，即“学历越高，收入越高”。
第二段主题：简要分析导致该现象的原因——社会发展的必然；新兴行业需要高级人才。
第三段主题：谈谈自己对该现象的看法——让人欣喜的现象，说明教育会得到回报。
第3步：逐一展开段落
一般来说，段落的基本构成包括：主题句、扩展句和结尾句。
主题句只有一句，要具有概括性，要表述清楚、简单明了，注意不可过长。扩展句是主题句内容的延伸和语意的补充，起到进一步阐述主题句、扩展段落中心思想的作用，因此一般都要在两句以上。结尾句也只有一句，主要用来总结段落的主要内容或得出结论，通常和段落主题句在意义上相互呼应。
需要注意的是，并不是每个段落都必须同时包含主题句、扩展句和结尾句，段落主题句与结尾句可以只有一个。
例（2012年12月）
第一段
①The above bar chart shows us the earnings among people with different educational levels.②In 2010，people possessing a doctoral degree have the highest weekly earnings of$1，550，and those possessing a bachelor’s or master’s degree both more than$1，000，while those without a degree or with a lower diploma only earn$712 or less.③It can be seen clearly that the higher one’s diploma is，the higher his earnings.
第二段
①This phenomenon，in my opinion，embo-dies the inevitability of social development.②With the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure，quite a few high-tech industries emerge overnight，which brings a soaring demand for the workforces with good educational background，and naturally better earnings for them.③In contrast，the ill-educated，lacking necessary knowledge and technology，only can do those easy jobs which pay not very well.
第一段
第1句：主题句——概述图表内容：不同教育水平人群的收入情况。
第2句：扩展句——具体
第2句：描述图表数据。
第3句：结尾句——总结图表现象：学历越高，收入越高。
第二段
第1句：主题句——该现象是社会发展必然性的体现。
第2句：扩展句——具体阐述这种必然性。
第3句：扩展句——进一步阐述这种必然性。
第三段
①I think this is an inspiring phenomenon and shows education is a worthy investment.②Despite the increasing costs，we should believe it pays to spend time and money on education.③Remem-ber，knowledge is power；knowledge is wealth.
第三段
第1句：主题句——总体评价该现象：令人欣喜，说明教育值得投资。
第2句：扩展句——进一步阐述自己的看法。
第3句：结尾句——知识就是力量，知识就是财富。
第4步：通读全文检查
对于这一步，很多考生都会因为时间紧张而忽略，其实，花上1～2分钟的时间通读一遍全文，通常可以避免拼写、语法和句子结构方面的小错误，而这些看似很小的错误，很多时候会对作文分数等级的评定产生很大的影响。
二、典型试题自测
自测一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
自测二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of children’s dependence on their parents and then explain the importance of independence.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
三、范文及点评
自测一
框架搭建：由所给主题和指示内容可知，本文是关于终生学习的重要性，由此可判断本文应为道理阐释类作文。本文基本段落安排如下：第一段简单分析所给哲言，引出“终生学习”这一主题；第二段结合事例说明终生学习的重要性；第三段总结全文，再次强调终生学习的意义，并提出建议或呼吁。
范文
The Importance of Lifelong Learning（1）It is a popular belief that learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.（2）With the development of science andtechnology，knowledge is being replacedfaster and faster.In this situation，the importance of lifelong learning（3）cannotbe overemphasized.（4）There are too many successful modelsof lifelong learning.（5）Karl Marx，Fatherof Communism，was known for his persistence in language learning throughout his life.In his fifties，he began to study Russian for work，and could read articles in Russian after only six months.（6）It wasthis ability of lifelong learning that helped Karl Marx become a great man.（7）The famous writer Lu Xun was also a diligent learner all his life.Even he was writing the article one hour before he died.（8）Chinese’srichest man Li Ka-shing is undoubtedly anothergood model of lifelong learning.He has a habit of reading the book every night，and he has kept doing it for decades.（9）From the above examples we can see how important lifelong study is to one’s success.Especially in this ever-changing world，（10）only by continuous learning can we keep up with the development of the times.
点评
本文属于典型的三段式结构，段落安排合理，各段详略得当，举例恰当充分；各段之间过渡自然，各句之间衔接紧密，句型丰富多变；句式和用词上有很多闪光点，主要包括：
（1）表示“人们普遍认为”，常用于引出人们普遍认同的观点。
（2）表示“随着科学技术的发展，知识更新速度越来越快”，常被用作观点背景。
（3）表示“再怎样强调也不为过”。
（4）引出例证常用句式。
（5）举出第一个例子。
（6）It was…that…是强调句型，
本句是强调主语this ability of lifelong learning。
（7）举出第二个例子。
（8）举出第三个列子。
（9）通过例子自然得出结论。
（10）“only+状语”提前，引起句子部分倒装，表示“只有……才……”。
自测二
框架搭建：由图画和提示内容可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前有些父母为孩子包办一切的现象，可简要分析其原因或坏处；第二段给家长提出几点建议，指出应该如何帮助孩子学会独立；第三段可对所给建议进行总结，或提出希望。
范文
（1）As is showed in the picture，nowadayssome parents tend to take on everything and make all decisions for their children，（2）including their study，job and even marriage.（3）Of course，most of them do this out of love.They hope they can give their children the best life and the shortest path to success.However，it（4①）doesn’t help children a lot（4②）but make them become too much dependent.
（5）It’s high time for parents to help their chil-dren develop independence.（6①）Some sugges-tions are as follows.（6②）First，parents should give children chances to make their own decisions，（7）which is a necessary step to be independent.（6③）Second，parents should encourage children to（8①）work out a problem by themselves.If chil-dren meet the problem，parents may teach them methods，but should not（8②）solve it for them.（6④）Third，（9①）to give children increasing responsibility is helpful.Children should understand they are givers to the family（10）but not only takers.
（9②）To grow to be independent is the natural way one has to go through.Therefore，I（11）dohope parents can benefit from the suggestions mentioned above and help their children become a self-reliable person.
点评
本文属于典型的三段式结构，段落安排合理，各段详略得当；句型丰富多变，段与段、句与句之间过渡自然、衔接紧密；句式和用词上有很多闪光点，主要包括：
（1）由图画引出问题。
（2）现在分词短语做定语，首句体现语言功底。
（3）承接自然。
（4）not…but表示“不是，而是”，连接并列结构。
（5）“该是……的时候了”，常用于引出解决办法。
（6）先总后分，脉络清晰。
（7）which引导非限制性定语从句。
（8）“解决”采用不同说法，用词富于变换。
（9）不定式短语做主语，句式富于变换。
（10）but not表示“而不是”，连接并列结构。
（11）do用以强调动词hope，加强语气。
四、给考生的复习建议
我们相信，同学们将自己所写作文与所给范文进行对比以后，一定已经对自己在写作方面的弱势有所体会。从所给范文和点评中不难看出，一篇作文要想取得高分，首先，结构和框架必须安排合理；其次，句型要丰富，衔接要得当；最后，句式和用词上要有闪光点。
我们给考生的复习建议是，针对以上三个方面循序渐进，一一攻克：
第一步：掌握四级作文中高频作文类型的结构框架，熟悉高频作文类型的段落安排。
第二步：熟练掌握四级作文常涉段落中的常用句式写法，学会变换使用各类句型和各种过渡衔接词语。
第三步：学会在适当的地方设计闪光点，牢记四级作文中常用的闪光句式和用词。
第四步：把握四级作文的命题趋势，练透四级作文的热点话题，这样，在考场上遇到什么题材你都能够思如泉涌、挥洒自如。
第三周 套用高频公式，驾驭三段结构，轻松拿9分
利用实用有效的结构公式，熟练掌握说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类、阐释道理类、叙事类、应用类6大类高频作文的三段结构模式，考试中碰到什么作文题型都能轻松布局、快速谋篇。
星期一 说明现象类作文结构
一、什么是说明现象类作文
说明现象类作文一般需要考生描述所给文字、图画或图表中反映出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。
例（2013年12月（2））
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.
二、常见结构公式陈列
第一段 描述现象
①Nowadays/In recent years，概述现象。②现象表现。③In addition/Also，进一步描述现象表现或变化。
或 概述图表
①From the chart/graph/table，we clearly learn that总述现象、变化或问题。②图表中初期的数据或情况。③However，图表中数据或情况的变化。
或 描述图画
①From the picture/cartoon，we can see/The picture shows us概述图画内容。②进一步描述图画内容。③（Funny/Exaggerated as it seems，）this picture describes vividly/this picture reflects/this phenomenon总体评述现象。
第一段 描述现象
①主题句：概括指出现象。
②扩展句一：现象的具体表现或变化。
③扩展句二：进一步说明现象的表现或变化。
或 概述图表
①主题句：概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或问题。
②扩展句一：概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情况。
③扩展句二：概述图表中数据或情况的变化。
或 描述图画
①开头句：概述图画内容
②扩展句：进一步描述图画内容
③主题句：总体评述图画所反映的现象
第二段 说明原因
④Many different reasons contribute to该现象。/There are many different factors决定该现象。⑤Among them，第一点原因或因素play/plays a critical role。⑥Moreover，第二点原因或因素。⑦Besides，第三点原因或因素。
或说明影响
④该现象has brought great in-fluence on影响对象。⑤Firstly，第一点影响。⑥Secondly，第二点影响。⑦Finally，第三点影响。
第二段 说明原因
④主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。
⑤扩展句一：说明第一点原因。
⑥扩展句二：说明第二点原因。
⑦扩展句三：说明第三点原因。或说明影响
④主题句：引出下文对影响的说明。
⑤扩展句一：说明第一点影响。
⑥扩展句二：说明第二点影响。
⑦扩展句三：说明第三点影响。
第三段 总结评述
⑧In my opinion/As for me，本人对现象的总结或评述。⑨具体作出评述。⑩进一步评述或提出建议。（11）作出总结。
第三段 总结评述
⑧主题句：可能出现的现象的发展趋势或利弊评述，或是本人对现象的看法。
⑨扩展句一：具体作出评述。
⑩扩展句二：进一步评述或提出建议。
（11）结尾句：总结全文（有时可略去）。
三、结构公式真题演示
例（2013年12月（2））
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.
参考范文
The Overuse of Mobile Phones
①As we can see in the picture，people are crossing the street with the help of walking sticks.②It is not because they are blind but because they are focusing on their mobile phones too much.③Although exaggerated，the picture vividly describes a phenomenon in our society that people are increasingly dependent on their mobile phones.
④The increasing use of mobile phones has brought great influence on people’s life.⑤On the one hand，they make our life and work more convenient and efficient.The popularity of mobile phones symbolizes the progress of our society.⑥On the other hand，it also poses some serious problems.⑦More and more people immerse themselves in mobile phones，always with their heads low，even when walking，just like those in the picture.They ignore the surroundings around them and communicate less with others.
⑧From my point of view，mobile phones are good gifts modern technology has given us.⑨Their enormous functions have brought us infinite fun and convenience.⑩It is decided by how we use them whether they are good or bad.
四、典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Virtual Community.Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Traditional Operas Are Gaining Revival on Campus.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.近年来有越来越多的年轻人对传统戏剧感兴趣。
2.分析产生这一现象的原因。
3.谈谈你对此的看法。
参考范文
练习一
Virtual Community
From the cartoon，we can see that a child is playing happily with his virtual computer friends.This cartoon describes vividly the phenomenon that young people are addicted to virtual network communities.They enjoy doing all kinds of activities in virtual communities such as keeping pets，planting vegetables，making a living，and even getting married.
The reasons for this phenomenon are varied.Among all these reasons，high pressure facing modern people plays a critical role.Virtual network communities provide people a good place to escape from the real problems temporarily.What’s more，in network communities people can experience many things they cannot do in real life and have many different lifestyles.Besides，network communities give people more chance to communicate with others and people can make more friends with common interests.
From my point of view，a network community does bring us much fun and relaxation.However，after all，it is a virtual world.If one is immersed in it too much，it might influence his real life.Therefore，I think we should look for more entertainment in our real life instead of putting ourselves in network communities all day.
练习二
Traditional Operas Are Gaining Revival on Campus
In recent years，traditional Chinese operas are gaining revival among young people.There are more young fans for Peking Opera and other local operas.They enjoy singing and talking about traditional operas.The websites and magazines on traditional operas have become more popular.
There are the following reasons behind this phenomenon.Among them，more publicity and education plays a critical role.More and more lectures and performances on traditional operas begin to go into campus，which provides young students with more chances to know the unique charm of traditional operas.Besides，nowadays traditional operas are put into some modern elements，like colorful stage designs and elaborate costumes，which is more appealing to young people.
As to me，it is no doubt that the development of Chinese traditional operas is of very significance.But nowadays most young people，surrounded by pop culture，cannot accept traditional operas in a short time.Therefore，we should take more effective measures to encourage young people to take up Chinese traditional arts.
五、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Celebration of Western Festivals.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日。
2.产生这种现象的原因。
3.这种现象可能带来的影响。
范文
In recent years many Chinese people like to celebrate western festivals.Even some youngsters are paying（1①）as great attention to Christmas（1②）as to our Spring Festival.（2①）Inaddition，other western festivals，like April Fool’s day and Valentine’s Day，are very popular among Chinese people.
（3）Many reasons contribute to this pheno-menon.Among them，relaxing and comfortable atmosphere from western festivals plays a critical role.（2②）Moreover，more and more Chinese people begin to learn English，（4）which provides them with more chances to（5）be exposed to western culture and festivals.（2③）Besides，many businessmen desperately try to boost the atmosphere of foreign festivals to attract more customers.
（6）As far as I am concerned，our paying too much attention to western festivals will（7）bringsome side effects.The popularity of western festivals（8）to some extent has influenced our traditions.（2④）Therefore，I suggest that people should（9①）not（10）be immersed too much in the western festivals（9②）and ignore Chinese traditional festivals.
点评
（1）意为“和……一样”，同级比较。
（2）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（3）引出原因常用句式。
（4）which引导非限制性定语从句。
（5）意为“暴露于”。
（6）用于引出个人观点。
（7）意为“带来负面影响”。
（8）意为“在某种程度上”。
（9）连接并列结构。
（10）意为“过分沉浸在……中”。
星期二 对策方法类作文结构
一、什么是对策方法类作文
对策方法类作文一般需要考生描述提纲中所反映的问题，说明问题的危害和解决问题的必要性，然后针对该问题提出应对策略或解决方法。
例（2010年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1）如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。
2）出现这种现象的原因是……
3）为改变这种状况，我认为……
二、常见结构公式陈列
第一段 提出问题
①提出问题。②问题的重要性或危害。③Besides/Additionally，进一步阐述问题的重要性或危害。④There-fore/No doubt，it is very important/necessary/urgent for问题涉及的对象to learn how to解决该问题。
第一段 提出问题
①主题句：概括提出问题。
②扩展句一：指出问题的重要性或危害性。
③扩展句二：进一步阐述问题的重要性或危害。
④结尾句：承上启下，表达解决问题的必要性，引出解决方法。
第二段 说明方法
⑤The following ways are effective in解决问题。/There are many ways which can be adopted to解决问题。/The following factors play an important role in解决问题。⑥Firstly，第一点方 法。⑦Secondly，第二点方法。⑧Finally，第三点方法。
第二段 说明方法
⑤主题句：引出问题的解决方法或决定因素。
⑥扩展句一：说明第一点解决方法。
⑦扩展句二：说明第二点解决方法。
⑧扩展句三：说明第三点解决方法。
第三段 总结评述
⑨As far as I am concerned/As for me，本人的观点或选择。⑩具体观点或 选 择 依 据。（11）To conclude/Therefore，总结或建议。
第三段 总结评述
⑨主题句：引出本人对该问题或解决方法的观点或选择。
⑩扩展句：具体阐述观点或选择依据。
（11）结尾句：作出总结或提出建议。
需要注意的是，有时题目中会明确要求说明问题的危害，这时考生就应该先在第二段详细阐述问题的危害，之后再在第三段说明解决问题的方法或对策。总之，考生要学会根据题目要求灵活处理。
三、结构公式真题演示
例（2001年1月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.面试在求职过程中的作用。
2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
参考范文
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
①It is generally accepted that interview is an important part in one’s hunting for a job.②One’s performance in an interview often can decide whether he will be employed.③Additionally，the interview provides a good chance for the interviewee to display his or her ability.④Therefore，it is very necessary for a job hunter to learn how to succeed in a job interview.
⑤The following factors play an important role in a successful interview.⑥Firstly，before an interview，a job hunter should try to know more about the involved position and company.⑦Secondly，an interviewee should dress neatly and properly，which can help leave the interviewer a good first impression.⑧Finally，self-confidence is also very important.With self-confidence，one can show fully his ability.
⑨As far as I am concerned，the importance of successful interview can not overestimated.⑩However，opportunities always favor those who are well-prepared.(11)Therefore，every job hunter must take the interview seriously and try to make full preparation for it.
四、典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Build an Ideal Teacher-student Relationship.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the epidemic of fake diplomas and then explain how to eliminate fake diplomas.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文
练习一
How to Build an Ideal Teacher-student Relationship
The relationship between a teacher and a student is very important to both teachers and students.A good teacher-student relationship will make learning enjoyable and efficient as well as make the teacher’s job worthwhile.In contrast，a bad relationship will discourage the students from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task.
But how to build an ideal teacher-student relationship？First of all，teacher and student should respect each other，which is the precondition of good relationship.Moreover，the teacher’s attitude plays an important role.If the teacher is too strict，he might frighten the student；if the teacher is too permissive，the student may become lazy.As for the student，he should be eager for knowledge and willing to work hard.If he learns from his teacher modestly，he will be able to profit fully from his teacher’s teaching.
In conclusion，a good teacher-student relationship needs common efforts from both the teacher and the student.And it can be mutually beneficial.The student gains knowledge eagerly and enjoyably，and the teacher gains satisfaction from his teaching job.
练习二
How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas
The picture reflects vividly the phenomenon that some people use fake diplomas in the job market.Many people have been defeated unfairly by their rivals with fake diplomas but no real abilities，just like the man in the picture.Besides，many illegal dealers make profits by selling fake diplomas.It is high time that we figured out how to fight against fake diplomas.
The following ways can be adopted to eliminate fake diplomas.Firstly，companies can keep detailed information of the diploma and then check its validity with the help of Certificate Authority.Secondly，those who use fake diplomas should be punished severely.Thirdly，companies and other official departments should give more weight to the candidates’competence rather than their diplomas.
As far as I am concerned，fake diplomas is difficult to be eliminated in a short time.With the development of technology，it’s harder to identify fake certificates.Therefore，greater attention and efforts should be paid to the cause of fighting against fake diplomas.
五、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World outside the Campus.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.大学生了解社会的必要性。
2.了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）。
3.你打算怎么做？
范文
Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus
It（1）is of great significance for a college student to know the world outside the campus.In this（2）fast-developing“Information Age”，college students must（3）keep pace with the progress of the world.（4①）Additionally，by contacting the off-campus world，college students can have chance to get more practical skills.（4②）Therefore，（5）how to know the world outside the campus（6）is worth our attention
Many ways can be adopted by our college students to increase our knowledge of the world.（4③）Firstly，mass media，such as radios，televisions，newspapers and the Internet，are a good choice，（7）by which we can（8）be well informed about what is happening.（4④）Secondly，providing volunteer services is an efficient way to contact and know the society.（4⑤）Thirdly，we can take part-time jobs to increase our practical experience.
（4⑥）As for me，I will try to create and grasp more chances to contact the society.In my opinion，getting to know the off-campus world is（9①）as important（9②）as improving academic performance.（4⑦）Therefore，I suggest every college student should（10①）not（11）confine himself to the campus（10②）but often go outside.
点评
（1）“be of+n.”相当于“be+adj.”。
（2）复合形容词做定语，意为“迅速发展的”。
（3）意为“跟上”。
（4）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（5）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构充当主语。
（6）be worth sth./doing sth.意为“值得……”。
（7）which在定语从句中充当介词宾语。
（8）inform是及物动词，意为“通知，告知”，经常用作被动结构“be informed about/of”。
（9）同级比较结构。
（10）连接并列结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
（11）意为“将自己局限于”。
星期三 对比分析类作文结构
一、什么是对比分析类作文
对比分析类作文主要有两种：一种是需要考生对比阐述两种观点或做法及各自的理由，然后表明自己的观点或做法并说明理由；另一种是需要考生对比阐述某事物的利和弊或优点和缺点，继而表明自己的看法或态度。
两种类型结构类似，接下来的结构公式主要针对第一种类型来讲解，至于第二种类型的结构，考生只需在掌握第一种类型结构的基础上进行适当变形即可。
例（2006年12月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of On the Spring Festival Gala.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会。
2.有些人提出取消春节晚会。
3.我的看法。
二、常见结构公式陈列
第一段 观点或选择A
①简述要讨论的主题，引出对其的不同观点或选择/When it comes to谈论主题，there is no complete agreement among people。②Some people think/prefer to/choose观点或选择A。③观点或选择的第一点理由。④观点或选择的第二点理由。
第一段 观点或选择A
①主题句：提出要讨论的主题，引出两种不同的观点或选择。
②扩展句一：指出一种观点或选择。
③扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。
④扩展句三：阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。
第二段 观点或选择B
⑤However，there are many others who观点或选择B。⑥In their opinions/They maintain/they point out观点或选择B的第一点理由。⑦Besides，观点或选择B的第二点理由。
第二段 观点或选择B
⑤主题句：转折引出另一种观点或选择。
⑥扩展句一：阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。
⑦扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。
第三段 “我”的观点或选择
⑧As for me，I agree“我”的观点或选择。/Weighing up these two arguments/choices，“我”的观点或选择。⑨“我”的第一点理由。⑩“我”的第二点理由。（11）Therefore/To conclude，作出总结。
第三段 “我”的观点或选择
⑧主题句：综合两种观点或选择，表明“我”的观点或选择。
⑨扩展句一：阐述“我”的第一点理由。
⑩扩展句二：阐述“我”的第二点理由。
（11）结尾句：经常是提出建议或作出展望。
三、结构公式真题演示
例（2005年12月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists？You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点。
2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。
3.我认为……
参考范文
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists？
①When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists，there is no complete agreement among people.②Some people think that university campus should welcome the visiting of tourists.③They say that being closed to tourists may make students isolated from the outside world.④Also，they maintain refusing tourists to violate the spirit of openness.
⑤However，there are many others who do not favor the university campus being open to tourists.⑥In their opinions，tourists will destroy the quiet environment and influence students’normal study.⑦Besides，they argue that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university.
⑧Weighing up these two arguments，I think a university should be an open place.⑨By visiting the university campus，tourists can feel the rich cultural atmosphere.⑩In addition，college students can have more chance to contact the people and the world outside the campus.⑪ Therefore，the university campus should be ready to embrace the tourists all over the world.
四、典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Good Marriage More Important than a Good Job for a Woman College Student？You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.随着大学生就业压力的增加，部分女大学生认为干得好不如嫁得好。
2.也有很多女大学生认为女性不能把婚姻当作捷径，实现理想应该靠个人奋斗。
3.你的看法。
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Text Books Be Recycled？You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.一些人认为循环使用教科书非常必要。
2.另一些人则不赞成循环使用教科书。
3.你的看法。
参考范文
练习一
Is a Good Marriage More Important than a Good Job for a Woman College Student？
Nowadays，college students，especially women students are facing the increasingly severe employment situation.Some women college students begin to believe that it is more useful to get a good marriage than to get a good job，while others treat this thought with contempt.As to me，I am in favor of the latter opinion.
Of course，a good marriage can help a woman college student release employment pressure.Also，with a good marriage，a woman might enjoy high-quality material life without paying many efforts.But it doesn’t mean that a good marriage can ensure a real permanent happiness.
In my view，our happiness and the realization of our ideal should depend on individual struggle.Anyone，especially a woman，can not hang about on others，and marriage should not be regarded as a shortcut to happiness.A good example to illustrate is the higher divorce rate in recent years.Besides，happiness obtained by individual efforts a struggle is real happiness.To conclude，modern women should be the architects of their own fate.
练习二
Should Text Books Be Recycled？
Nowadays there is a heated debate as to whether text books should be recycled.It is no doubt that recycling books brings about many advantages.Above all，recycling textbooks can reduce waste.Thus，we can leave more resources to the next generation.Furthermore，students can buy the recycled textbooks at a low price，which means less stress on those relatively less rich parents.
As every coin has two sides，recycling textbooks has also some disadvantages.For one thing，some of the recycled textbooks are very dirty，so parents worry that a health danger may exist in the recycled textbooks.For another，notes on the recycled textbooks may disturb the next user and draw the user’s attention away from the textbooks.
Weighing the advantages and disadvantages，I think textbooks should be recycled under some conditions.Undoubtedly，many people would be in favor of the recycled textbooks if the quality of these textbooks can be guaranteed.But it is worth noting that costs related to the recycling of textbooks should be controlled in an acceptable range.
五、每日佳作赏析
Direction:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed？You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.有人做好事期望得到回报。
2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报。
3.你的观点。
范文
Nowadays，（1）different people holddifferent views about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed.Some people think that a good deed should be given a certain reward.They say it is agreeable with the rule of fairness.（2①）Also，rewards can stimulate people’s enthusiasm to do good deeds.
（3）However，there are many others who take Leifeng as a model and be always ready to help others（4）without expecting any reward.Everyone may be in trouble.（5）Only if you help others unselfishly，you can get others’help when you need it.（2②）Besides，they maintain that one can enjoy happiness in doing good deeds，（6）they think，（7）which is the best return.
（8）Weighing up these two arguments，Iprefer the second one.（2③）First，being happy to help others is one of Chinese people’s traditional virtues.（2④）Second，this virtue（9）is of more significance for the creation of a harmonious society.（2⑤）To conclude，（10①）it is every citizen’s responsibility（10②）to do good deeds without expecting any reward.
点评
（1）用于引出对某事物的不同观点。
（2）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（3）转折引出另一种观点。
（4）意为“不期望任何回报”，介词短语充当状语，注意此处without的用法。
（5）意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
（6）插入语。
（7）which引导非限制性定语从句。
（8）用于引出个人观点，weigh up意为“权衡”。
（9）“be of+n.”相当于“be+adj.”。
（10）固定句式：It is…for sb.+to do sth.其中it是形式主语，不定式短语是实际的主语。
星期四 道理阐释类作文结构
一、什么是道理阐释类作文
道理阐释类作文一般需要考生根据题目要求阐述道理或论点，通过举例等方式对道理和论点展开论述，解释其重要意义或作用，最后再对道理或论点进行总结或强调。从近两年的命题来看，题目指示中往往会给出一句谚语或哲言，需要考生对谚语或哲言进行评论、解释，引出其中的道理，然后展开论述。
例（2011年12月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying，“Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I’ve done it hundreds of times.”You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
二、常见结构公式陈列
第一段 总述道理
①There is a famous saying/remark/proverb about道理的核心：“哲言原文”/You may know the saying“哲言原文”，which reveals哲言的道理。/The saying“哲言原文”reveals道理。②阐述其中的道理或正确性。③进一步强调其中的道理或意义。/The truth of it is deep and profound。
第一段 总述道理
①主题句：通过所给哲言或背景引出论述的道理。
②扩展句一：阐述道理或其正确性。（有时候主题句也可能在这一句）
③扩展句二：进一步阐述或强调其中的道理或意义。
第二段 展开论述
④There are numerous examples supporting this argument./Many remark-able examples contribute to this argument.⑤A case in point is第一个例子。⑥进一步说明例一。⑦For another example，第二个例子。⑧进一步说明例二。
第二段 展开论述
④主题句：引出事例或其他论据，展开论述。
⑤扩展句一：列举第一个例子。
⑥扩展句二：进一步说明例一。
⑦扩展句三：列举第二个例子。
⑧扩展句四：进一步说明例二。
第三段 总结道理
⑨All the above-mentioned tell us that/It is no doubt that/Judging from the evidence offered，we might safely draw the conclusion that重申观点。⑩提出建议或指出注意事项。（11）To conclude/Therefore，总结全文。
或 联系自身
⑨As a college student/As a young man/As for me，阐述自己的情况、感受或做法。⑩进一步阐述自己的情况、感受或做法。（11）总结全文。
第三段 总结道理
⑨主题句：承接上文，重申道理。
⑩扩展句：提出建议或指出注意事项。
（11）结尾句：总结全文，指出正确的做法或态度。
或 联系自身
⑨主题句：联系自身情况，阐述感受或做法，注意结合前面所论述的道理。
⑩扩展句：进一步阐述自己的情况、感受或做法。
（11）结尾句：总结全文，再次重申道理，或表达希望，或提出建议。
三、结构公式真题演示
例（2011年12月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying，“Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I’ve done it hundreds of times.”You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文
Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
①You might hear the humorous saying“Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I’ve done it hundreds of times.”②This is close to suggest that nothing succeeds without a strong will.③The truth of it is meaningful and instructive，especially to modern young people.
④There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑤A case in point is quitting smoking.⑥Many people have more than one attempt to quit smoking，but they might smoke again after a short time of quitting.From this example，we can learn if one’s will is weak，no matter how many times he tries，he might fail in the end.⑦For another example，Edison invented the light bulb after hundreds of failures.⑧It was just a strong will that helped him make the final success.
⑨As for students like us，a strong will is of course very important.⑩If we give up easily when meeting difficulties，we’ll never make any achievements.（11）It is necessary for us to keep the saying in mind“Where there is a will，there is a way”.
四、典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark“Silence is not always gold.”You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Preparation to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln’s famous remark，“Give me six hours to chop down a tree，and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
练习一
Silence Is Not Always Gold
Nowadays there are still many people who take“silence is gold”as a doctrine.They believe silence shows one’s intelligence and inner beauty，and can reduce the possibility of being involved in troubles.However，indeed，in many cases，silence is not gold，especially in modern society.The following reasons can support the argument.
Undoubtedly，when our lawful rights and interests are invaded，we should not keep silence.At this time，what we should do is to open our mouth to protect ourselves.Moreover，under the increasingly fierce social competition，everyone must learn to show himself.If you always wait in silence，the chances will not come to you automatically.In addition，in face of the immoral and illegal behaviors，your silence is timidity and selfishness.
All mentioned above tell us that silence is not always gold.Instead，sometimes silence not only can not help us but brings a negative effect.Therefore，we should decide when and whether to keep silence according to the special circumstances.
练习二
The Importance of Preparation to Success
A great man ever said，“Give me six hours to chop down a tree，and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”This saying tells us it is quite necessary to make full preparation before taking an action.The truth of it is deep and profound.
There are numerous examples supporting this argument.A case in point is an athlete.Without adequate preparation，an athlete couldn’t become a champion.Before every race，he or she must go through hard training of a long time and make good preparation physically and psychologically.For another example，preparation also plays an important role in hunting a job.Before having an interview，the interviewee needs to know as much information about the company as possible.Finally，as far as the students are concerned，good preparation is absolutely necessary for them to get good results in the exams.
All the above-mentioned tell us that good preparation is the way to success.Therefore，all of us should keep Lincoln’s remark in our minds，and be well prepared before doing everything.Only in this way can we have greater chances to make success.
五、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the proverb“Haste Makes Waste.”You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文
The proverb“Haste makes waste”has been widely accepted for many years.It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal we have to do it in a（1）down-to-earth way.（2）The truth of itis deep and profound.（3）There are numerous examples supporting thisargument.（4）A case in point is the ancient Chinese story of（5）“Helping the shoots grow bypulling”.This story proved that the haste caused not only waste but great loss.（6）For anotherexample，some parents and teachers，（7①）inorder to improve children’s academic performancein a short time，tend to put too heavy burden on children.This，（7②）as a result，brings the children（8）nothing but great pressure.
（9）All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldn’t（10）be over anxious for quick results.Everything has its own（11）developing law.Therefore，（12）whatever we do，we should not pay too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.
点评
（1）意为“脚踏实地”。
（2）意为“其中蕴涵着深远的道理”。
（3）用于引出例证。
（4）意为“典型的例子”。
（5）引用“拔苗助长”的故事。
（6）用于引出另外的例子。
（7）插入语。
（8）意为“只是，仅仅”。
（9）常用于得出结论。
（10）意为“急于求成”。
（11）意为“发展规律”。
（12）引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。
星期五 叙事类和应用类作文结构
一、叙事类作文结构公式
四级写作中涉及的叙事类作文一般是要求考生叙述一个事件发生的经过，如车祸、生病或一次难忘的经历，然后谈谈自己的感受或得到的启示。
例（2003年9月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill（or Got Injured）.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况。
2.同学、老师和你是如何帮助他/她的。
3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给你的感受是……
1 常见结构公式陈列
第一段 交代事件背景
①引出事件背景。②进一步描述背景情况或概述事件的特点。③由背景引出具体事件或说明事件的重要性。
第一段 交代事件背景
①主题句：总述事件发生的背景。
②扩展句一：进一步描述背景情况或概述事件的特点。
③扩展句二：由背景引出具体事件或说明事件的重要性。
第二段 叙述事件经过
④Now I still remember clearly引出事件。/There is one thing that is still vivid in my mind until now。⑤事件发生的时间和当时的情形。⑥接下来的情况。⑦进一步发展。⑧As a result/However，事件结果。
第二段 叙述事件经过
④主题句：概括引出要讲述的事件。
⑤扩展句一：交代事件发生的时间和当时的情况。
⑥扩展句二：描述接下来的情况。
⑦扩展句三：描述事件的进一步发展。
⑧结尾句：说明事件的结果或影响。
第三段 谈谈个人感受
⑨Every time I recall该事 件，“我”的感受或得到的启示。/该事件left me in deep thought/gave me a significant lesson.⑩第一点感受。（11）第二点感受。
第三段 谈谈个人感受
⑨主题句：“我”由这件事而引发的感受或得到的启示。
⑩扩展句一：“我”的第一点感受。
（11）扩展句二：“我”的第二点感受。
2 结构公式真题演示
例（2005年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.向老师致以节日祝贺。
2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。
3.我如何报答老师的关爱……
参考范文
Honor for My Teacher
①The once per year’s Teacher’s Day will come soon.②On this special occasion，all of us students should express our respect and love to our teachers.③And I especially want to take this opportunity to show my thanks to my dearest teacher，Mr.Li.
④There is one thing that is still vivid in my mind until now.⑤That was in 2001，when the SARS was on.⑥Unfortunately，I was in hospital for a severe cold.⑦Though the doctor had proved I was just suffering from a normal cold，few students or teachers would like to come to see me.⑧However，Mr.Li came to see me every day and cared about me until I recovered.
⑨Every time I remind that experience，I feel deeply his unselfish love and devoting spirit.⑩I must return him with my practical actions.（11）I will，as he does，give others love and help when they are in trouble.I believe that is what he expects me most.
二、叙事类典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Thanks and Congratulations to My Friend.You should write at least 120 words but on more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.你好朋友的生日就快到了，祝他或她生日快乐。
2.从一件难忘的事回忆朋友对你的关爱。
3.友谊的重要性。
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an eye-witness account of a robbery.You should write at least 120 words but on more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
假设你在某日某时某地目击了一起抢劫事件，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：
1.抢劫发生的时间及地点。
2.你所见到的抢劫情况。
3.你对抢劫发生原因的分析。
参考范文
练习一
Thanks and Congratulations to My Friend
The birthday of Cao Xiao，my best friend，will come soon.There is no more appropriate time than this for us to express our love and good wishes to her.So taking this good chance，I want to show my gratitude towards her for her long-time care and understanding.
Now I still remember clearly that experience of illness.It happened in our freshman year，when we had just entered into college for not a long time.I was in hospital because of suffering from an infectious disease.Being worried about being infected，my classmates would not like to go to the hospital to see me.However，Caoxiao volunteered to care about me almost everyday until I recovered completely，which made me feel deep love and concern from a friend.
Every time I remind this and all love she gave，I can understand the real meaning of friendship.I will cherish our friendship all the time.Furthermore，I will，like her，show my care and love to every friend of mine.I believe the word“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.
练习二
An Eye-witness Account of a Robbery
I am Li Ming，a college student.A week ago I witnessed a robbery on the street.The crime was so reckless and rampant that I was left a deep impression.
It was at about 5 P.M.，June 15th，when I was walking in a lonely road with few pedestrians around.Suddenly I heard a shout，“Freeze！Return my bag！”I found that a young boy was running ahead，and an old woman was exerting to chase him.Obviously it was a robbery.A few people stopped to watch，but nobody would like to help that old woman.As a result，soon the robber disappeared from our view.
Many factors contributed to the happening of this robbery.The robber’s low moral quality and legal consciousness was certainly the main one.But in my opinion，it was more because most people were too indifferent to the crime.If at that time the watchers had lent a hand，I believe，the robber could not have escaped.Therefore，it is high time that we united together to fight against the crimes.
三、应用类作文结构公式
四级写作目前考过的应用类作文包括：感谢信、建议信、投诉信、竞选演说词、景点介绍和海报。另外，拒绝信、求职信、申请信、祝贺信、倡议书等校园生活中常涉及的应用文体也在大纲的考查范围内。下面列举了11种易考的应用类作文结构：
1 感谢信
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，因某事而向对方表示感谢。
第二段：具体说明为什么要感谢对方，阐述对方给自己的帮助及造成的影响。
第三段：再次表达感激之情，并表达祝愿或希望有机会回报对方。
右下角：署名
例（2016年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
June 18，2016
Dear Tom，
I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help in my study of English.
English had been my weak subject since my middle school.I wanted to improve my English ability as soon as possible，but I couldn’t find effective methods.When I was worrying about it，you gave me selfless help.First，you guided me to make self-test and find out my weaknesses.Then，you made a practical and detailed study plan for me according to my level.In addition to these，you told me lots of useful learning methods from your personal experience and sent me many reference materials.With your help，after several months’efforts，I have made encouraging progress in listening，speaking，reading and writing.
If it is not for your help，I couldn’t have get such achievements in such a short time.I am so fortunate to have a good friend like you，and I will treasure our friendship forever.Please keep in touch，and call me whenever you are in need.May everything go well around you.
Your sincerely，
Rose
2 建议信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代建议针对的背景事件，说明写信目的；针对该事提出建议，引出对建议的具体阐述。
第二段：具体阐述自己的建议并说明理由。
第三段：表达良好的祝愿和期望。
右下角：署名
例（2001年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang，a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.You should write at least 120 words following the suggestions given below in Chinese
1.表示欢迎。
2.提出对度假安排的建议。
3.提醒应注意的事项。
参考范文
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 20，2001
Dear Xiao Wang，
I am very glad to learn that you will visit me soon.Here I am writing to give you my advice about the arrangement of your coming holiday in Hangzhou.
In my opinion，West Lake should certainly be your first destination since it is such a famous and beautiful place.Then，I suggest you go to Lingyin Temple，Luhe Tower and Yuewang Shrine.Besides，if you have time，Qiandao Lake is also a good site you could not miss.Of course，besides visiting the places of interest，you should taste the local flavor snacks of Hangzhou，like small steamed buns and West Lake vinegared fish.Finally，I must remind you that you should not leave your belongings unattended since there are so many people on the train and at the railway station.
I am sure you will enjoy your visit in Hangzhou.If you have any questions or requirements，do not hesitate to tell me.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Truly yours，
Zhang Ying
3 投诉信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：表明自己的身份，说明写信目的，因何事投诉何人或机构。
第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的理由。
第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。
右下角：署名
例（2002年1月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境和服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
参考范文
A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
Dec.20，2009
Dear President，
My name is Li Ming.I am a junior from the Civil Engineering School.I venture to write you a letter to make a complaint about the canteen service of our school.
The focus of the complaint is the poor quality and high price of the food.On one hand，the rice is very hard，the steam bread is often cold，and the vegetables are always overcooked.On the other hand，the price of the food is so high that many poor students are burdened heavily.Under these circumstances，I find it impossible for us students to fully concentrate on the study and enjoy the campus life.
I will be very obliged if you can consider my complaint seriously.I do hope the service of the canteen will be much improved as soon as possible.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
4 拒绝信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，委婉表达自己对邀请、请求等的拒绝，并向对方表示感谢。
第二段：具体阐述拒绝对方的理由。
第三段：希望不会给对方带来不便，向对方表示抱歉和祝愿。
右下角：署名
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a company declining a job offer.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.对公司提供职位表示感谢。
2.解释为何不能接受所提供的职位。
3.希望予以谅解，并表示对公司的良好祝愿。
参考范文
A Letter Declining a Job Offer
Jan.12，2008
Dear Mr.Wang，
I am very sorry to tell you that I have to decline your job offer.To be honest，it would be a very good chance for me to work in your company.However，the current situation doesn’t allow me to do this.
This has been a difficult decision for me，but I have to do this.On one hand，I have accepted another job offer before you informed me your decision，which is more in line with my skills and career goals.On the other hand，two hours’commute to your building is really a burden on me.On account of all these，you can understand why I could not accept your offer.
I hope this does not cause you too much inconvenience.Anyway，I do appreciate your kindness to discuss the details of the position with me and give me time to consider your offer.Meanwhile，I wish that your company would find a more suitable talent as soon as possible.
Sincerely yours，
Jane
5 求职信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，申请某职位，说明获得招聘信息的来源，表达申请职位的愿望。
第二段：介绍自己的学习经历、能力和特长，证明自己能够胜任工作。
第三段：感谢对方抽出时间和精力，随信附有自己的简历，并愿意提供进一步信息，希望得到面试机会。
右下角：署名
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a job application letter.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.说明获取该招聘信息的渠道，表达想要申请该职位的愿望。
2.介绍自己的学习经历、专业能力和性格特点。
3.希望能得到面试机会。
参考范文
A Job Application Letter
June 20，2008
To whom it may concern，
I am writing to apply for the post of engineer advertised in China Daily.I believe my qualifications are ideal match of your requirements.
I will graduate on July 1 of this year from Dongbei University.My major in mechanical engineering and my training in this aspect definitely meet your requirements.In addition，to learning the required courses，I have also accepted training in Professional Training Program at spare time.What’s more，I have been an intern in several companies related to my major，which provided me a great deal of experience in computer applications.I believe my training and experience will enable me to perform better than other candidates who are lack of working experience.
I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require，please contact me.I will be very grateful if you can give me a personal interview at your convenience.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
6 邀请信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，邀请某人参加某项活动，说明活动的时间和地点，正式向对方发出邀请。
第二段：介绍事件的具体安排和对方接受邀请的必要性。
第三段：希望对方能够接受邀请，期待对方的尽快答复。
右下角：署名
例
Direction:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an invitation letter.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
下个月你就要大学毕业了，因此你想举办一次同学聚会，特写信邀请你的朋友李亮参加，信件需包含以下内容：
1.告知聚会的时间和地点。
2.介绍聚会中的活动内容。
3.希望对方一定参加。
参考范文
An Invitation Letter
June 15，2008
Dear Li Liang，
This June 30th I am going to graduate，so I am going to hold a party on Saturday evening in my house.It would be pleasant to have you here.
So interesting will this party be that you can’t afford to miss it.For one thing，we can have a big meal，sing the popular songs and play games.For another，it also provides a good opportunity for you to meet many friends that you haven’t seen for a long time.
What an important thing it is to get your participation！First，you are my best friend and bring home to me many things.Second，we haven’t seen each other for quite a long time and I am eager to see you.The party would not be complete without you！
The party will begin at 7∶30 p.m.Is it possible for us to see you at 7∶00 on Saturday evening in my house？I do hope you can come.
Sincerely yours，
Sun Li
7 道歉信结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，因某事向某人道歉，恳请对方接受自己的歉意。
第二段：向对方解释导致自己所犯过失或错误的原因。
第三段：希望能够得到对方的理解和原谅，希望有机会补救，并提出补救措施。
右下角：署名
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an apology letter to one of your friends，who yesterday came to see you when you were out.You should write at least 120 word following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.对朋友表示歉意。
2.解释昨天不在家的原因。
3.约定时间，再次见面。
参考范文
An Apology Letter
Jan.24，2009
Dear Mary，
I am excessively sorry for my absence yesterday when you come to see me during your trip.Now，I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.
I hope you will understand me and excuse me for my absence.The reason for my absence was that I had an engagement with some friends and，ignorant of your visit，accompanied them to the cinema.Besides，not until nine o’clock in the evening did I come back.Therefore，it’s not in my power to arrange time to meet you.
Naturally，I hope you won’t leave the city this week so that I can call on you.I shall be obliged if you will kindly tell me when and where you are at convenient.In that case I can take you to some places that may interest you.I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
8 倡议书结构公式
右上角：日期
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：交代写信目的，倡议的人群和倡议的主题。
第二段：介绍倡议针对对象的具体情况（如需要帮助的人的具体困难）和倡议的具体内容（如捐钱、捐物）。
第三段：提供联系方式，再次发出倡议，呼吁大家参与，并表示感谢。
右下角：署名
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况。
2.目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理。
3.希望社会各界捐助，并留下联系方式。
参考范文
Your Help Needed
Nov.15，2008
Dear fellow students，
I am writing this letter to call on all the students in our university to do something for Li Ping，one of our schoolmates，who is suffering from the serious disease.
As some of you may know，Li Ping is one of the freshmen of the English Department.She is longing for the bright future like you and me.Unfortunately，last month，she was struck by Leukemia.Now she is hospitalized and in a serious condition.What is worse，Li Ping comes from a poor village family and it is impossible for her family to raise such a large sum of money in such pressing time.
As you see，now Li Ping is in great need of financial aid and daily caring.So it is high time for you to extend your helping hands to her.If you would like to provide your love and care to Li Ping，especially in the form of donation，please call at 12345678 or 23456789 at any time.
Thank you！
Sincerely yours，
The Student Union
9 海报结构公式
标题：活动主题或直接用Poster
正文：第一段：概括引出活动，交代活动主办单位、活动的时间和地点。
第二段：阐述活动的主要目的和具体安排。
第三段：说明参加活动的条件和方式，交代联系或咨询方式，呼吁大家踊跃参与。
右下角：落款写主办单位名称
例（2006年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。
2.本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等。
3.报名条件及联系方式。
参考范文
Volunteers Needed
The Student Union of our university will organize a volunteer activity in the rural areas during the summer holidays.Now we are recruiting the volunteers.
This activity aims to help the children in rural areas improve their computer and English level，and meanwhile provide a platform for our college students to show and prove our abilities.It is planed to begin on July 5th and last 10 days.The volunteers will be assigned to different country primary schools to teach children how to use the computer and how to learn English well.
Any student who is good at English and computer is warmly welcomed.Those interested are expected to come to the office of the Student Union to fill in an application form before July 1st.Please call 62511123 for further information.We are looking forward to your active participation.
The Students’Union
10 竞选演说词结构公式
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：表达自己的喜悦和荣幸之情，简要介绍自己，表明自己要竞选的职位。
第二段：说明自己具备的条件和优势，证明自己能够胜任。
第三段：承诺当选后会采取哪些措施，表明自己的决心，最后向听众表达祝愿和感谢。
例（2005年1月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.你认为自己具备了可以胜任学生会主席的哪些条件（能力、性格、爱好等）？
2.如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么？
参考范文
A Campaign Speech
Ladies and gentlemen，
I am Wang Lin from the Computer Science Department，and I am honored to stand here to give my speech.I will show you that I am the best candidate to the post of Chairman of the Students’Union.
I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as the monitor.Moreover，I am warm-hearted and always ready to help others.Besides，I am good at organizing activities and have experience in holding contests and sports meetings.
Looking into the future，I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the president of the Students’Union.On one hand，I will organize more activities to color our campus life.On the other hand，I’ll reform the Student Union，changing it from a problem-solving one into a service-providing one.And more channels will be opened for our students to voice opinions and needs.
I，Wang Lin，am worth your trust.Don’t hesitate to vote for me.Thank you！
11 景点介绍结构公式
左上角：称呼
正文：第一段：向大家表示欢迎，简要介绍自己的身份和任务，并表达自己的喜悦和荣幸之情。
第二段：具体介绍景点的内容和特点以及具体的行程安排。
第三段：提醒相关注意事项，并表示如有疑问欢迎咨询。祝愿大家玩得愉快，感谢大家的倾听。
例（2004年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction.You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role a tour guide
Your audience a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include
1.Some welcoming words
2.The schedule for the day
3.A description of the place the tourists will be visiting（e.g.a scenic spot or a historical site，etc.）
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
参考范文
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to China and thank you for your trusting our travel agency.I am Lisa.It’s my pleasure to be your guide.
The following is the schedule of the day.In the morning，the first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall，the grandest fortification in ancient China.Then I will take you to the Ming Tombs，which is one of the best-preserved tombs in China and the last home for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty.In the afternoon，we will go to the Summer Palace，the royal park for ancient Chinese emperors.That’s the end of our visiting of today.
By the way，please bring a plastic bag with you to hold the rubbish you will make so as to protect our environment.If any of you have questions，please feel free to ask me at any time.I hope that you will enjoy your day.Thank you very much for your attention.
四、应用类典型作文操练
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.建议报考的专业及理由。
2.报考该专业的基本条件。
3.应当如何备考。
练习二
Direction For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of gratitude expressing your thanks for your friend.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
一位朋友在你准备四级考试的过程中给了你一些好的建议，写一封信表示感谢。
1.简单说明事因。
2.说明对方的帮助对你的意义。
3.表示感谢并希望有回报机会。
练习三
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster.You should
write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.校学生会将组织参观历史展览，现接受报名。
2.本次活动的目的、活动安排等。
3.报名条件及联系方式。练习四
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Complaint Letter to the Manager.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and you should base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
假如你是李明，陪朋友去买纪念品，但服务员态度恶劣，请你就服务员的态度给经理写一封抱怨信。
参考范文
练习一
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
March 18，2011
Dear John，
I am very glad to know that you are going to apply for admission to our university.Here I will try to give you some suggestions about your application.In my opinion，English major is a good choice.On one hand，that is the subject you have been good at and interested in.On the other hand，our English department has excellent teachers and modern teaching facilities.
As to the requirements for applying for the English major，I would like to suggest that you pay more attention to spoken English.If you don’t make a good performance in oral test，you maybe have to choose another major.A good mental state would be necessary if you want to leave a good impression on the examiners.In addition，you should do more model tests when making preparation for the test.I am sure you will succeed in the exam if you follow my advice.
Please inform me if there is something else I can do for you.I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus.
Sincerely yours，
Yao Ming
练习二
A Letter of Gratitude
April 15，2011
Dear Pang Li，
I am now writing these few lines to extend my sincere gratitude for your suggestions concerning my preparations for the CET-4.I’d like you to know how much your valuable suggestions meant to me.Your suggestions not only offer me a lot of study methods which enable me to make a full-range preparation，but also lead me to the great success in passing the CET-4.I shall ever remember your suggestions as the most valuable advice.
I hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating.Lately，I will not be very busy.I will feel very honored and pleased if you have time to have a dinner with me.Would you kindly let me know what time you are at convenience？I am looking forward to seeing you next time！
Again，I would like to express my thanks to you.Please accept my gratitude and give my kind regards to your family.Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly，
Wang Nan
练习三
A Visit to the Historical Exhibition
Under the auspices of the Student Union of our university，a visit to the historical exhibition will be made next Sunday.We will go to the Capital Museum and attend the exhibition of Ancient China Civilization.This activity aims to enhance the understanding of the bright civilization of our great country.The arrangements are as followed.
This activity is arranged to begin at 8∶00 am and end at 4∶00 am.First，we will see a digital movie about the history of China，which lasts about half an hour.Then we will see many priceless relics following the explanation of the guide.Besides，we can look around the shops in the museum and buy what we like.
Anyone who is interested in history is warmly welcomed.You are expected to come to the office of the Students Union to fill in an application form.Please call at 3489565 for further information.I am looking forward to your active participation.
The Student Union
练习四
A Complaint Letter to the Manager
May 28，2011
Dear Manager，
I am a college student from Peking University.I venture to write you a letter about your bad service.
The focus of the complaint is the impatience of your shop-assistant whose badge number was 15.For one thing，the assistant turned a deaf ear to our request and walked away.For another，she murmured in a sarcastic manner that my friend was foolish in making such a request.Under these circumstances，I found it so unbearable to face such an awkward situation.Honestly speaking，the products in your shop are of good quality.But you should make great efforts to look into your service and take steps to prevent a similar recurrence of such offensive behavior in the future.All in all，there is still much room for improvement.
I do hope you can pay great attention to my complaints.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
Sincerely yours，
Yan Ni
五、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of apology to your teacher.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.表达自己对未能按时交论文一事的歉意。
2.说明未能按时交论文的原因。
3.表示自己将尽快补交论文并保证以后按时交作业。
范文
March 10，2011
Dear Mr.Wang，
（1）I am writing you this letter to apologizefor my failing to hand in the paper on time.I am very sorry for（2）the inconvenience brought by my delay.（3）Please accept my sincere apologywith gratitude.
（4）The reason for my delay was that I was knocked down by a cold.（5①）Moreover，I had a fever and was too weak to write a single word.（5②）Therefore，it’s not（6）in my power to finish the paper on time.I hope you could understand me and excuse me for my delay.
I will（7）do my utmost to finish my paper and hand it in（8）as soon as possible.（5③）In my opinion，the importance of punctuality（9）cannot be emphasized too much，so I assure you that I will hand in my homework on time from now on.
Sincerely yours，
Yu Ming
点评
（1）道歉信开头常用句式。
（2）意为“由……带来的不便”。
（3）意为“请接受我诚挚的歉意”，表示道歉的常用句式。
（4）列举原因常用句式。
（5）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（6）意为“在能力范围之内”。
（7）意为“尽最大的努力”。
（8）意为“尽可能快”。
（9）意为“再怎么强调也不为过”，表示非常重要。
星期六 一周复习效果检验
Test 1
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the problem of information security and then explain how to strengthen information security.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 2
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the popularity of network literature and then explain the advantages and disadvantages of network literature.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 3
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledRush for Postgraduate Study based on the statistics provided in the table below.Please give a brief description of the table first and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 4
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Act Early by commenting on famous proverb“Early Bird Catches the Worm”.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 5
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Talent-search Show on Campus.You should start your essay with a brief description of the phenomenon and make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 6
Direction:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an apology letter to your brother and explain why you cannot attend his graduation ceremony.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 7
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a quarrel you witnessed.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 8
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether we should explain or not when facing rumors.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文
Test 1
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段由图画引出信息安全问题并描述其主要表现；第二段说明信息安全事故可能导致的危害；第三段说明应该如何解决信息安全问题。
Information Security
The purpose of the picture is to show us the problem of information security.With our stepping into information society，computer crimes keep rising and information security incidents occur frequently.The hackers like the man in the picture emerge on the Internet in an endless stream.
It is very clear that information security incidents are bringing great harm to the victims，including government departments，organizations，institutions and individuals.First of all，government may suffer from national security threats.With the help of computers and the Internet，spies and some weak-minded officials can disclose state secrets via more advanced skills.Furthermore，companies may lose important trade secrets；the public’s and users’confidence will be damaged.
Considering seriousness of the problem，we should pay more attention to in-formation security.Firstly，technology plays a vital role in solving this problem.Since no system can ever be absolutely safe，both prevention and detection tech-niques are necessary to information security management.Finally，organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff.Only in this way can information security be guaranteed.
Test 2
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画简要介绍网络文学的流行；第二段分析网络文学的优点；第三段分析网络文学的缺点；第四段谈谈个人对网络文学的看法。
Network Literature
From the picture，we can see a man who is writing on the Internet.Nowadays there are many web writers like him.With the widespread of Internet，network literature，as a new literature form，has gained much popularity.
Compared with traditional literature，network literature has many advantages.Above all，it is easier to become popular，whether in terms of its form or its contents.In addition，with Internet as its media，network literature has a stronger expressive force and a quicker spreading.
As every coin has two sides，network literature has also some disadvantages.For one thing，the creation of network literature goes towards fawning on common， of which we can find limited classic ones.For another，the administration and supervision on network literature are still not very sound and effective.
Weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of network literature，I think it is a beneficial supplement to traditional literature.Undoubtedly，Internet，as the media of network literature，provides a wider space for spreading and developing literature.But it is worth noting that many network literature works are written in a rough way.Therefore，people should have a good selection when reading literature works on line.
Test 3
框架搭建：由图表内容题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段根据图表简要描述近几年报考研究生人数的变化；第二段说明报考研究生人数发生变化的原因；第三段谈谈个人对考研热的看法。
Rush for Postgraduate Study
According to the table，it is clear that there is a sharp increase in number of postgraduate candidates in X Province from 2000 to 2008.In 2000，there were only 1，600 candidates participating in the exam.However，2 years later，the number increased to 5，600，and by 2008 it has reached 52，000.
There are many reasons accounting for the great change.Firstly，the tough competition in the job market is an important one.The enrollment expansion of universities places a great pressure on the job market，which stimulates many students to turn to further education.Secondly，many students with equivalent education background to college graduates are allowed to apply for postgraduate study.Finally，the society has a greater demand for the postgraduates with the economic development.
As far as I am concerned，college students should take full account before deciding to further their education.For one thing，postgraduate study does not necessarily ensure a bright future.For another，it’s a tough process to prepare for the exam for postgraduate study and not everyone can stick it out.
Test 4
框架搭建：由标题和题目内容可知，本文应为一篇道理阐释类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段解释“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”这一谚语包含的道理；第二段论证其中的道理；第三段重申该谚语中的道理，提出建议或期望。
Act Early
The proverb“Early bird catches the worm”has been generally accepted.It tells us that if you act early or before anyone else，you will have an advantage and be successful.The truth of it is self-evident.
There are numerous examples supporting this argument.A case in point is that students usually make two to three years’preparation before their overseas study.This is close to suggest an early preparation increases the possibility of success.For another example，DHL，an express company，was the first company in its field to extend its business to China.The proverb“Early bird catches the worm”works on DHL which now holds a larger market share.
Judging from the evidence offered，we might safely draw the conclusion that the earlier one takes action，the more chances one will succeed.But what is worth noting is that we should set a correct goal before our early preparation.To conclude，we should take the idiom“Early bird catches the worm”as our guidance in the daily life and work.
Test 5
框架搭建：由标题和提纲所列内容可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述大学校园内举办“选秀”活动 的情况；第二段说明校园“选秀”活动带来的影响；第三段谈谈个人对“选秀”活动的看法。
Talent-search Show on Campus
In recent years，there has been a talent-search craze on college campus.Various talent-search shows，like“Campus Superstar Competition”，“Happy Boy”，have emerged one after another on campus.Moreover，these activities are almost the copies of those social talent shows from the form to the contents.
As everyone sees，talent shows are bringing great influence on college students.Above all，these activities enrich students’after-class life and provide a good stage for students to show themselves.Also，by attending these activities，college students can improve their abilities in social communication.However，talent shows have brought some negative effects.For instance，most activities have monotonous form and lack creativity，which influence to some degree the whole culture atmosphere on campus.
From my point of view，college students need cultural and amusement activities like talent shows，but the overall quality of these activities should be improved.The activity organizers should increase the activity feature and take full account.With the improvement in quality，I believe，talent shows will go on playing an important role in college students’life.
Test 6
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一封道歉信，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段说明道歉缘由（没能参加弟弟的毕业典礼）并向弟弟表达真诚的歉意；第二段详细解释没能参加典礼的原因；第三段再次表达歉意并提出弥补建议。
An Apology Letter
July 5，2011
Dear brother，
I am excessively sorry that I can’t attend your graduation ceremony as I have promised.Now，I am writing you this letter to show my deep regret.Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.I hope you will understand me and excuse me for my being absent.
I will be very grateful if you are kind enough to listen to my explanation.The reason why I can’t attend your graduation ceremony is that I have already been arranged to attend a meeting next week in Nanjing.I have no way out because the things I have to do are of great importance to my company.Therefore，it’s not in my power to comply with your request.
Naturally，I would like to show my apology in person next month.I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you will meet me next month.Once again，I would like to express my sincere apology for any inconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Sincerely Yours，
Liu Yuan
Test 7
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇叙事类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述吵架的背景，引出吵架当天的情景；第二段具体叙述吵架的原因、经过及结果；第三段谈谈个人感受以及从这次吵架中吸取的教训。
A Quarrel I witnessed
Weeks ago，I witnessed a quarrel between my two roommates.It shocked me that two good friends fell out just for a very trifling matter.
It was in the morning at a weekend，when I was washing my face in the bathroom.Suddenly I heard Xu Lan and Wu Xin shouting at each other.I hurried to come out to see what happened.It turned out that the noise of Wu Xin’s closing the door waked Xu Lan.Xu Lan thought Wu Xin deliberately closed the door heavily.Wu Xin didn’t admit her fault.So they had a bitter quarrel.Though later they stopped quarreling under our persuasion，neither of them would like to apologize.
Such a quarrel leaves me to think a lot about dormitory harmony.If either Xu Lan or Wu Xin can be a little tolerant or take a better way to express herself，this quarrel，I think，can be avoided easily.It is no doubt that a harmonious dormitory life benefits all the members，but it needs our common efforts to build it.
Test 8
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段引出应对流言蜚语的两种方式：申辩和保持沉默；第二段对比阐述两种方法各自的理由；第三段表明自己更倾向于哪种方法并说明理由。
Explain or Keep Silence？
Nowadays，it is very difficult to avoid rumors and slanders completely，espe-cially to those celebrities.Some people maintain that when one suffers from rumors，he should come out to make explanation and defense for himself，while others argue that the best way is to keep silence.As to me，I am in favor of the former opinion.
Of course，sometimes silence can help reduce people’s interest in rumors.Also，after a period of time，rumors might disappear naturally in the face of the truth.But it is worth noting that in most cases，silence doesn’t work in getting rid of rumors but increase people’s uncertainty and suspicion.
From my point of view，facing rumors，one should stand up bravely to defend himself rather than say nothing to them.The following reasons can support my argument.First，it is your explanation that helps others learn the truth.Second，rumors often go round very quickly，and your silence will foster its further spread.
第四周 熟悉段落构成，掌握基本功能句，确保11分
熟悉四级写作中常见的10大段落类型（如概述现象段、描写图表段、说明原因段、提出观点段等）的句型构造，学会撰写各类段落的基本功能句。这样，考场上无论碰上何种提纲，考生都能做到快速成段、自然过渡。
星期一 如何写概述现象段和描写图表段
一、段落基本句型构造
1 概述现象段
概述现象段通常出现在说明现象类作文的第一段，其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话概括现象的总体情况，这是段落的主题句；然后具体描述现象的突出表现或具体变化，以支持主题句。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Digital Age.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.如今数字化产品得到了越来越广泛的使用，举例说明。
2.数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响。
第一段：概述现象段
①Nowadays，digital products are extremely popular and play a very critical role in modern society.②Taking a look around，you can find too numerous examples to mention individually，and the best one may be the computers.③In addition，other digital products，like digital camera，digital TVs，etc.，have gradually become indispensable parts of our life.
2 描写图表段
描写图表段通常出现在图表阐释类作文的第一段，其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或问题，这是段落的主题句；然后用2～3句话具体描述图表中数据的对比或变化情况，以支持主题句。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below.The suggested title is Car Accidents Declining in Walton City.Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline:
1.描述图表中反映的车祸发生率的变化。
2.分析该市车祸发生率下降的原因。
3.你对该市今年车祸发生率走势的预测。
第一段：描写图表段
①As is indicated in the above graph，the rate of car accidents in Walton City rises and falls with the change of months.②From January to March，the number of car accidents rises from 22 to 32，and then drops to 26 in the next three months.After that，it climbs up again to 39，increasing by 50%.③However，from then on，the curve descends all the way to the lowest point，16 to be exact.
二、各类功能句常规写法
1 概述现象段
1）概述现象
①Nowadays，there follows a craze for diplomas and certificates in our society.
现在，社会上流行一股文凭热。
②Nowadays，we often hear people’s complaints about dishonesty.
现在，我们经常听到人们抱怨不诚实的现象。
③With the development of market economy，fake commodities are becoming a more and more serious problem.
随着市场经济的发展，假冒伪劣商品越来越成为一个问题。
④In the past two decades，China has experienced an alarming increase in teenage smoking.
在过去的20年中，中国青少年的吸烟人数有了惊人的上升。
⑤In recent years，there has been a dramatic increase in the number of school dropouts in the countryside.
近年来，农村辍学人数急剧上升。
⑥As the socialist market economy in China is expanding，education is becoming more closely related to the market.
随着社会主义市场经济在中国的发展，教育与市场的关系正变得越来越密切。
⑦The early 90’s saw an unprecedented tide of the workers flooding into big cities.
90年代初期出现了涌入城市的民工大潮，其势头前所未有。
⑧In the past three decades，China has witnessed dramatic improvement in the living standard of people.
在过去的30年里，中国人的生活水平有了巨大的改善。
⑨Ever since the beginning of market economy，advertisements has become an essential part of our daily life.
从市场经济初期开始，广告就已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。
⑩Nowadays many young people prefer to stay single instead of getting married.
现在，许多年轻人宁愿单身而不愿意结婚。
（11）With banks’more focus on college market，an increasing number of college students have applied for a credit card and begun to consume by it.
随着银行对大学市场给予更多的关注，越来越多的大学生申请并开始使用信用卡。
（12）As more people focus on health diet，green food has begun to draw more and more attention from the public.
随着更多的人开始关注健康饮食，绿色食品已经引起了越来越多公众的注意。
2）具体描述现象表现
①Nowadays，we can easily find all kinds of computers everywhere，especially in large cities.
现在，我们随处都可以很容易地找到各种各样的计算机，尤其是在大城市。
②In the old days only national leaders visited foreign countries.Nowadays mutual visits between nations have been extended to the provincial or municipal level.
过去只有国家领导人之间会互访，现在国家间的互访已经扩展到省、市级别。
③Grain，which used to be the main food of most people in China，is now playing a less important role in people’s diet.
谷物过去是中国大多数人的主要食物，如今在人们的饮食结构中所占的地位正在下降。
④On the other hand，the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly.
另一方面，人们对牛奶、肉类等高营养食物的消费却迅速增加。
⑤Sports are so popular on campus that they have become an indispensable part of college education.
体育运动在校园里非常受欢迎，已经成为大学教育不可或缺的一部分。
⑥Almost every day we can see flashing fire engines rushing through the streets with their horns blaring.
几乎每一天我们都能看到灯光闪动的消防车鸣着笛冲过街道。
⑦Miss Li’s case is not unique，and now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at night school or college.
李小姐的情况并不是特例，现在越来越多城里的成年人利用他们的业余时间参加夜校来提高自己。
⑧We are surprised to learn that a pop singer can make over 100 thousand for one performance，while an average farmer may take several years to earn that much.
我们很惊奇地发现，一个流行歌手一次演出就能够赚到10万块，而一个普通的农民需要几年才能赚到这些钱。
⑨What amazes us most is that some fake commodities are quite similar to the real ones.
让我们感到非常惊奇的是，一些假货造得和真货很像。
⑩The schoolbags on their shoulders are getting heavier and heavier，and the hours spent on homework longer and longer.
他们肩上的书包越来越重，他们花在作业上的时间越来越多。
⑪ Nowadays there are more and more secondhand goods in the market，such as secondhand books，furniture，appliances，cars，and so on.
现在，市场上有越来越多的二手商品，例如二手书、二手家具、二手电器、二手车等。
2 描写图表段
1）概述图表
①As is indicated/revealed/showed in the（above）graph，there have been some obvious changes in the diet of the Chinese.
正如图表所示，中国人的饮食结构已经发生了明显的变化。
②According to the figures given in the table，online shopping is becoming more and more popular/gaining more and more popularity.
根据表格中给出的数据，网上购物正变得越来越流行。
③As the survey results show，life expectancy in developing countries has increased a lot in the past 3 decades.
正如调查结果显示，在过去的30年里，发展中国家的人均寿命已经提高了很多。
④This two charts give us a general illustration of the distribution of family income in country A and country B.
这两张图为我们概括地描述了A、B两国的家庭收入分配情况。
⑤It can be seen from the statistics that the world’s population is growing steadily at a tremendous rate.
从统计数据可以看出，世界人口正在稳定地持续大幅度增长。
⑥From the above chart，we can see clearly that the enrollment of Chinese universities has been on the rise in recent years.
从上图我们可以很明显地看出，近年来中国大学的招生人数一直在增长。
2）概述图画
①As is described/showed in the picture，a group of students are raising their hands to give answers to the question in a joyful and active way.
正像图画中描述/显示的那样，一群兴高采烈的学生正在积极地举手回答问题。
②As is vividly depicted in the picture，lots of people suffer from“smart phone addiction”.
正如图片中生动描述的那样，许多人患有“智能手机成瘾症”。
③As can be seen from the picture，a girl receiving the university admission notice is stopped by her father.
正像我们从图画中所看到的，一个女孩收到了大学录取通知书，却被自己的父亲阻止。
④Just as is revealed in the picture above，many people are so addicted to the Internet that they neglect the real world.
正如上图所揭示的那样，许多人十分沉迷网络，达到忽略现实世界的地步。
⑤The purpose of the picture is to show us the importance of cooperation.
这幅图的目的是为了给我们展示合作的重要性。
⑥We can see from this picture that/From the picture above，we can see that two teachers are talking about how to get students’attention.
从这幅图中我们可以看到，两个老师正在就如何引起学生的注意展开讨论。
⑦The cartoon vividly illustrates/demonstrates the fact that today’s children lack independence.
这幅卡通画生动地揭示了如今的孩子们缺乏独立性的现实。
⑧The picture describes a prevailing phenomenon that some people simply go online for the answer to everything，and neglect the importance of independent thinking.
图片描述了一个当前流行的现象：一些人一味地通过上网寻找解答任何问题的方法，忽视了独立思考的重要性。
⑨In this picture，we are surprised to see a bird is standing firmly and erectly against the snowstorm.
在图画中我们惊奇地看到，一只小鸟在暴风雪中屹立不动。
⑩Looking at the picture，we can’t help thinking of more and more serious problem of food safety.
这幅图片让我们不禁想到越来越严重的食品安全问题。
（11）The drawer reminds us of a common social phenomenon.
图画的作者提醒了我们一个普遍的社会现象。
（12）This picture sets me thinking for a long time.
这幅图让我思考良多。
3）具体描述图表数据
①From 1997 to 2002，there is a rapid/dramatic/abrupt rise/increase in the use of the computers.
从1997年到2002年，在计算机的使用方面有了快速/巨大/急剧的增加。
②During the past decade，the price of computers has declined/decreased/fell/dropped markedly.
在过去的10年里，计算机的价格明显下降了。
③Only 5 years later，the number increased to 100，000.
仅仅5年，这个数字就上升到了10万。
④The figure has nearly doubled/tripled，as against that of last year.
与去年相比，这个数字几乎上涨到去年的两倍/三倍。
⑤The number is 3 times as much as that of last year.
数量是去年的3倍。
⑥According to the figures given in the table，since 1996，the amount of money spent on food had decreased gradually，accounting for 35 percent in 2000.
根据表格中的数据，从1996年起，人们在食品上的消费开始逐渐下降，到2000年已经下降到了35%。
⑦From the chart，an increasing number of people would rather choose self-help tour than follow a tour group.
从图表中来看，越来越多的人宁愿选择自助游而不愿跟团旅行。
⑧In 1995，the number of people traveling abroad was only about 10，000.However，5 years later，it increased to nearly 40，000，and by 2005，the number had reached over 120，000，which was more than ten times than ten years ago.
1995年，出国旅行的人数只有1万人，然而，5年以后，这个数字就增加到了4万，到了2005年，出国旅行的人数已经超过了12万，比10年前的10倍还要多。
⑨The proportion of grain which used to be the main food of the Chinese people has decreased by 4%.In contrast，the proportion of milk and meat in people’s diet has increased.
过去在中国人的饮食中占据主体地位的谷物的比例下降了4%，与之形成对比的是，牛奶和肉类在人们饮食中的比例却增加了。
⑩By comparison with/Compared with 2 years ago，this figure has increased from less than 1.5 million to nearly 3.4 million.
与两年前相比，这一数字已经从不到150万增加到了将近340万。
（11）It is obvious that there is a sharp rise in TV-watchers from about 60 thousand to 90 thousand，while a great fall in filmgoers during the same period.
很显然，看电视的人数迅速增加，从大约6万人上升到9万人，然而，在同一时期看电影的人数则有了大幅度的下降。
（12）An average family in country A has to spend 87%of its yearly income on housing and food while a family in country B only spends 58%.
A国普通家庭年收入的87%都用于住房和食品，而在B国这一部分的消费只占58%。
（13）As indicated by the date given in the graph，life expectancy in developing countries has climbed from about 40 years in the 1960’s to about 60 in the 1990’s，increasing by 20 years within 3 decades.
正像图表中数据所显示的，发展中国家的人均寿命已经从20世纪60年代的40岁攀升到20世纪90年代的60岁，也是说，在30年间提高了20岁。
（14）It can also be seen，as a sharp contrast，that there was a sharp drop in infant mortality，by 15%，from 250 deaths per 1000 births to about 100 deaths per 1000 during the same period.
我们也能够看出，与此形成鲜明对比的是，同一时期的婴儿死亡率却下降了15%，从每1000个婴儿中死亡250个下降到大约100个。
三、典型段落操练
要求：请撰写下列作文，注意其中概述现象段和描写图表段的写法。
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Losing Weight.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.越来越多的人，尤其是女性热衷于减肥。
2.分析人们减肥的原因。
3.盲目减肥可能会产生副作用。
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Ownership of Houses.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the chart and the outline given in Chinese below
1.根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化。
2.分析产生这些变化的原因。
3.说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。
参考范文
练习一
Losing Weight
第一段：概述现象段
Nowadays，more and more people，especially young females，are trying to lose unwanted weight.The number of people taking part in all kinds of fat farms or fitness clubs has been on the rise in recent years.Besides，more and more people are joining the army of being on diet.In order to keep fit，many young girls eat only one meal every day，and some even do not eat anything.
第二段：说明原因段
There are three main reasons behind this craze in losing weight.Firstly，as we see，most young people，especially women，want to have a better figure.They try to lose weight to look more beautiful.Secondly，quite a few people want to reduce excessive fat for their health since obesity is often very harmful to health.Thirdly，still some people are out of consideration for work reguirements，the majority of whom are actors and actresses.In order to meet the role requirements，sometimes they have to lose much weight in a short time.
第三段：说明害处段
However，dieting might bring great negative effects on people.For one thing，quite a lot of people don’t really need dieting to keep healthy，and they diet just because they want to keep slim.For them，dieting not only is useless but also might damage their health.For another，some people lack enough knowledge on how to diet scientifically.As a result，they are likely to suffer from malnutrition.Considering the serious damage of unhealthy dieting，we need professional guidance in dieting.
练习二
Changes in the Ownership of Houses
第一段：描写图表段
According to the chart，we can see clearly that in the past decade the ownership of houses in this city has changed greatly.In 1995，the proportion of state-owned houses is far higher than that of private houses，taking up respectively 75%and 25%.However，5 years later，the proportion of private-owned houses rose to 40%，and by 2000，it has reached 80%.It is obvious that more and more individuals have owned their private houses.
第二段：说明原因段
The following three reasons can account for the rapid growth of private housing ownership.Firstly，state subsidies for public housing are gradually eliminated.That is to say，without the housing subsidy，people are encouraged to buy their own private houses.Secondly，with the rapid development of economy，people’s income has risen significantly.Thirdly，various forms of mortgage loans with reasonable interest permit people to improve their housing condition in advance.As a result，people gradually have a strong desire to own a house of their own.
第三段：说明影响段
The change of the ownership of houses exerts a positive influence on the society.For one thing，this market-driven housing policy can lead to better resource allocation.For another，since more and more citizens are using mortgage and installments to buy their apartments，they form a new industry，broad the business of banks，and promote the whole economy.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Green Food.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.近年来，“绿色食品”变得越来越流行。
2.分析这种现象产生的原因。
3.你对该现象的看法。
范文
As more and more people focus on health diet，green food has begun to（1）draw more andmore attention by the public.In recent years，the market demand for green food has（2）increaseddramatically，and all kinds of green food have（3）emerged in an endless stream.（4）Why doesgreen food become so popular in China？（5①）Above all，（6）compared with ordinary food，green food is healthier，safer and more nutritious.（5②）Moreover，nowadays，many vegetables are polluted because of the usage of agricultural chemicals，（7）while green food is free of pollution.（5③）Besides，（8）with theimprovement of the living standards，more people can afford a healthier but more expensive lifestyle.So green food，（9）despite its higher price，still becomes people’s favorite food.
（5④）However，nowadays the market is full of real and fake green food，（10）making manyconsumers confused.（5⑤）Therefore，the government must strengthen the supervision and administration of green food market.（5⑥）Besides，consumers should increase the knowledge of green food.（11）Only in this way can greenfood play a more positive role in people’s life.
点评
（1）意为“引起越来越多的公众注意”。
（2）意为“显著地增加”。
（3）意为“层出不穷”。
（4）引出原因时常用的句式。
（5）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（6）过去分词短语做状语，意为“与……相比”。
（7）while表示对比。
（8）意为“随着生活水平的提高”。
（9）插入语，意为“尽管价格较高”。
（10）现在分词短语做状语。
（11）倒装句，“only+状语”提前引起部分倒装。
星期二 如何写说明原因段和说明方法段
一、段落基本句型构造
1 说明原因段
说明原因段一般出现在图表阐释类和说明现象类作文的第二段，其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话引出下文对现象或问题原因的说明，这是段落的主题句；然后用3～5句话列举2～3点具体的原因，以支持主题句。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课。
2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课。
3.以你自己为例……
第二段：说明原因段
①There are many different factors deciding what electives the students choose.②Among all these factors，the interest of the students plays a very important role.③The students，of courses，would like to learn what he or she is interested in.④Moreover，many students will consider whether they could learn some practical skill by the elective，because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidate’s practical skills.⑤Besides，the ability and the prestige of the teacher is also an important factor influencing the student’s choice.
2 说明方法段
说明方法段一般出现在方法对策类作文的第二段（偶尔也会出现在第三段，具体根据提纲），其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话引出下文对解决办法、应对措施或决定因素的说明，这是段落的主题句；然后用3～4句话列举2～3点具体的方法、措施或决定因素，以支持主题句；最后再用一句话对前面的方法做出总结（这句话有时可省略）。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.目前有些校园内浪费现象严重。
2.浪费的危害。
3.从我做起，杜绝浪费。
第三段：说明方法段
①Considering the seriousness of the problem，it is an urgent thing for us to take effective measures to eliminate waste on campus.②Firstly，we college students must stop wasting water，electricity and food in our daily life.③Secondly，we should learn to be economical and try to avoid spending money on something useless.④Thirdly，we have responsibility to call on all our schoolmates to fight against waste.⑤Only in this way can waste on campus be eliminated in the near future.
二、各类功能句常规写法
1 说明原因段
1）引出原因
①There are many factors explaining/accounting for/contributing to this phenomenon.（First of all/Above all，…Moreover，…Besides…）
许多因素导致了这一现象。（首先，……其次，……另外，……）
②There are several reasons which may account for my preference of the program.
以下一些原因可以解释我对这一课程的偏好。
③There are a large number of reasons for this social phenomenon，but in general，they come down to three major ones.（Firstly，…Secondly，…Finally，…）
导致这种现象的原因有很多，但总体来说，主要有三点。（首先，……其次，……最后，……）
④There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon.（First，…Second，…）
在这一现象背后主要有两点原因。（首先，……其次，……）
⑤There are mainly three different reasons for college students to take a work-study program.
大学生参加勤工俭学主要有三个方面的原因。
⑥There are many factors deciding/influencing my choosing future job.
有许多因素决定/影响我对将来工作的选择。
⑦The reasons for this phenomenon mainly lie in the following two aspects.
产生这一现象的原因主要有以下两个方面。
⑧The reasons for education to enter the market are obvious.
教育走向市场化的原因是显而易见的。
⑨This extravagant spending is mainly caused by/due to the following reasons/factors.
这种过度消费主要是由以下因素/原因引起的。
⑩The following reasons are responsible for the boom in continuing education.
下列原因导致了继续教育的热潮。
（11）The following three factors contribute to the conflict.
以下三点因素导致了这个冲突。
（12）The following reasons can account for the popularity of green food.
下列原因能够解释绿色食品流行的原因。
（13）Why does“blog”become so popular in such a short time？
为什么“博客”在这么短的时间内会如此流行呢？
（14）But what lead to the conflict between parental hopes and personal ideals？
但是，是什么导致了父母的期望和孩子的理想之间的冲突呢？
2）列举原因
①One of the main reasons for this change is that the living standard of Chinese people has been improved greatly.
产生这个变化的一个主要原因是中国人的生活水平得到了很大改善。
②Among these reasons，the enrollment expansion of universities plays a very vital role.
在所有的原因中，大学扩招是很重要的因素。
③First，the interest plays an important role in one student’s choosing an elective class./The interest is an important factor which influences/decides one student’s choosing an elective class.
首先，兴趣在学生选择选修课时起到至关重要的作用。/兴趣是影响/决定一个学生选择一门选修课的重要因素。
④The weak supervision and management of traffic control sectors is（also）a noticeable reason.
交管部门的监管不力（也）是一个值得关注的原因。
⑤Poor parents in rural areas cannot afford the high education for children，which becomes a main reason for their children’s getting poor in the future.
在农村，贫穷的父母没有钱让他们的孩子接受高等教育，这是日后这些孩子变穷的主要原因。
⑥More and more vehicles on road increase the chances of accidents.
汽车数量的增多增加了发生交通事故的几率。
⑦The high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to choose it.
公务员有较高的社会地位，这是吸引人们选择它作为职业的一个重要因素。
⑧More and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.
越来越多的人开始意识到，这些灾难的发生和我们人类对地球的所作所为有很大的关系。
⑨Secondhand goods transactions make it possible for people to make good use of the goods which may be useless in their hands.
二手货交易使人们可以充分利用手里那些闲置的东西。
⑩A part-time job can help release financial burdens on those poor students，and hence reduce the risk of their dropping school for lacking money.
兼职工作可以缓解贫困学生的经济负担，继而减少了他们因为缺钱而辍学的危险性。
（11）This results in/leads to/produces a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.
这使得大学毕业生找到工作的机会减少了。
（12）Some teachers’classes could not attract students’interests so that some students would rather skip classes to study what they are interested in.
一些教师的课不能引起学生的兴趣，以至于一些学生宁愿选择逃课去学习他们感兴趣的东西。
（13）Nowadays college students get so much love that they are insensitive to others’care and help.
现在的大学生受到了太多的关爱，他们已经对其他人的关心和帮助变得麻木不仁了。
（14）Because of/Due to/Thanks to the poor Internet administration and weak network security，our information might be open，stolen or sold.
由于网络管理的欠缺和网络安全的薄弱，我们的信息可能被公开、偷窃或出售。
2 说明方法段
1）引出方法
①But/Then how to build an ideal teacher-student relationship？
但是/那么，如何才能建立一种理想的师生关系呢？
②However，how should a college freshman adapt himself to these differences？
然而，大学新生应该怎样适应这些不同呢？
③The following measures can be taken to reduce campus waste.
下列措施可以用来减少校园浪费。
④Therefore，it’s high time for us to take/that we took effective measures to fight against cyber crimes.
因此，该是我们采取有效措施来抵制网络犯罪的时候了。
⑤Obviously，it is necessary to take some effective measures to reduce this phenomenon.
显然，有必要采取有效的措施来减少这种现象。
⑥In order to solve the conflict，both parents and children should pay their efforts.
为了解决这一冲突，父母和孩子双方都要付出努力。
⑦Considering the seriousness of the problem，it is necessary for college studentsto learn how to keep psychologically healthy.
考虑到问题的严重性，了解如何保持心理健康对于大学生来说是十分必要的。
⑧Considering the seriousness of the problem，effective measures should be taken to protect us against noise.
考虑到问题的严重性，应该采取有效措施来保护我们免受噪声的干扰。
⑨Considering the above factors/the above-mentioned，we should/must be careful in selecting and using references books.
考虑到以上因素/综上所述，我们应该/必须谨慎地选用参考书。
⑩Considering the bad effects of depression，it must be taken more seriously.
考虑到抑郁症的负面影响，我们必须更加重视它。
（11）Taking the above-mentioned into consideration，I think，it is high time that we took effective measures to improve public morals.
考虑到以上因素/综上所述，我认为，是时候采取有效措施提高公共道德了。
2）列举方法
①First of all，the teacher and the student should respect each other，which is the precondition of good relationship.
首先，老师和学生应该互相尊重，这是建立良好关系的前提。
②Second，attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure.
第二，参加集体活动是缓解压力的一个有效方法。
③To communicate with each other actively is necessary to their understanding each other.
积极地与对方沟通，这对于彼此间的相互了解是必需的。
④Third，you should learn to relax yourself by taking exercise or other recreational activities.
第三，你应该学会通过体育锻炼和其他娱乐活动放松自己。
⑤We should learn to be tolerant and consider more for others，which is necessary for group living.
我们应该学会容忍和多为他人考虑，这对于集体生活来说是必需的。
⑥In addition，we can turn to the recommendation of teachers and students around us.
此外，我们可以让老师和同学帮忙推荐。
⑦Second，society and schools must increase input in moral education and try to build the atmosphere of being grateful.
第二，社会和学校必须增加对道德教育的投入，并努力营造一个感恩的氛围。
⑧Whatever your ideal is，careful plan and preparation is vital to realizing it.
无论你的理想是什么，要想实现它，仔细的规划和准备都是至关重要的。
⑨An optimistic，positive mind is indispensable in the process of your pursuing your ideal.
乐观、积极的心态在你追求理想的过程中是不可或缺的。
⑩To those patients with depression，first of all，it is important to accept treatment timely instead of covering or ignoring the disease.
对于抑郁症患者，首要的是要及时接受治疗，而不能掩盖或忽视它。
（11）Actually，the best treatment is a combination of medication and psychological help.
实际上，最好的方法是将医学治疗和心理辅导相结合。
（12）Secondly，more advanced technology should be developed to reduce industrial noise and traffic noise.
第二，应该开发更多先进的技术以减少工业和交通噪声。
（13）Besides，more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the Net immune to all kinds of viruses.
此外，应该培养更多优秀的人才并建立更有效的防护墙，以便使网络不受各种病毒的侵害。
（14）To reverse the trend is not a light task，and it requires the common efforts of all citizens.
要扭转这一趋势并不容易，它需要所有公民的共同努力。
（15）We must look for all immediate methods，because the present situation，if permitted to continue，will sure lead to serious results.
我们必须立刻寻找解决办法，因为现在的形势如果持续下去的话势必会导致严重的后果。
（16）There is no immediate solution to the problem of energy shortage，but our small economical behaviors in daily life might be quite helpful/beneficial.
能源短缺问题并没有立竿见影的解决办法，但是在我们日常生活中很小的节约行为可能会对解决这个问题带来很大的帮助。
（17）No easy method can solve the problem of pollution in a short time，but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of environmental protection might be the first step on the right way.
目前还没有简单的办法能够在短期内解决污染问题，但是，使人们普遍认识到保护环境的必要性/重要性或许是有效的第一步。
3）总结方法
①Only in this way can we make full use of reference books.
只有这样，我们才能充分地利用参考书。
②Only through these methods/measures could noise problem be solved funda- mentally.
只有通过这些方法/措施，噪声问题才能够从根本上得到解决。
③Only in this way can people reduce the chance of suffering from depression.
只有这样，人们才能够减少患上抑郁症的机会。
④Only when campus newspapers are allowed to voice the feelings and ideas of students，can they become more popular among students.
只有当校报能够反映学生的感情和想法时，它才能够更受学生的欢迎。
⑤As long as both parents and children learn to think from the other side’s point of view，the conflicts between them can be avoided.
只有父母和孩子都能够从对方的角度考虑时，他们之间的冲突才能够避免。
⑥In a word，the improvement of public morals depends on all of us in this society.
总之，公共道德的提高要靠我们所有人。
⑦In a word，it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.
总之，战胜网络犯罪需要我们共同的努力。
⑧In a word，only if you have an ideal，you can have the chance of realizing it.
总之，只要有理想，你就一定有机会实现它。
三、典型段落操练
要求：请撰写下列作文，注意其中说明原因段或说明方法段的写法。
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Pets’Services.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below
1.如今宠物服务十分流行。
2.分析宠物服务流行的原因。
3.谈谈你的看法。
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Sub-health.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below
1.现代社会很多人都处于“亚健康”状态。
2.分析造成“亚健康”的原因。
3.应该如何解决“亚健康”问题？
参考范文
练习一
Pets’Services
第一段：概述现象段
Nowadays，more and more pets’services emerge in the markets，which have aroused great concern.Many people send their pets to the related shops to accept the pets’service and the pets do become more beautiful and healthier than ever before.In addition，pets’services are diversified，such as pets’barbershops and pets’canteens.The reasons for this phenomenon are varied.
第二段：说明原因段
Among all these reasons，the owner’s love for pets plays a critical role.Regarding pets as friends and family members，people would like to spend some money on their pets.Moreover，with the improvement of people’s living standards，the pets’service，a new and profitable business attracts a lot of people’s attention.Besides，large investment in pets’services makes the popularity of these services possible.
第二段：总结观点段
In my opinion，pets’services do good to both the society and the individual.For one thing，it can offer more job opportunities and stimulate the development of economy.For another，it makes the pets more pleasing to both the eye and the mind，thus people becoming happier when stay with their beautiful pets.Therefore，the development of pets’services should be encouraged.
练习二
How to Deal with Sub-health
第一段：概述问题段
Nowadays，quite a few people are suffering from sub-health.Indeed，sub-health can result in both physical and mental diseases.Even worse，people who suffer from sub-health are more easily to die prematurely.
第二段：说明原因段
There are many factors resulting in sub-health.Among these，the pace of modern life plays a vital role.The fast pace of modern life exerts great pressure on people and pressure is the ultimate cause of sub-health.What’s more，modern people spend too much night time working or entertaining，which seriously affects their health.
第三段：说明方法段
Considering the great harm brought by sub-health，I think it is high time that we took effective measures to prevent sub-health.Firstly，people must have enough sleep to ensure that they can regain energy and physical strength.Secondly，people should have a rational diet under the instruction of doctor in order to avoid the diseases caused by malnutrition or super nutrition.Thirdly，people should regularly do some exercise to keep healthy.To conclude，it is an urgent thing to take flexible measures to avoid the threat of sub-health.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Improve Public Morals.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.目前社会上违反公德的行为仍然时有发生。
2.这些行为带来的危害。
3.你认为应该如何提高社会公德？
范文
Nowadays there are still many behaviors against public morality，（1）such as spitting or littering in public，cutting in line.（2①）One ofthe main reasons for these（2②）is that some people lack personal manners and public conscious-ness.（3①）In addition，（4）weak implementa-tion of the administration measures（5）contributea lot to these uncivilized behaviors.
（3②）Indeed，these small things in many people’s eyes（6）have brought great bad effects.（3③）Above all，these immoral behaviors disturb social orders and disrupt social stability.（3④）Moreover，one’s violating public morals not only invades others’benefits but also does harm to himself.For example，if most people buy pirated products，those original producers might lose the enthusiasm to continue their producing.
（7）Taking the above-mentioned intoconsideration，I think，it is high time that we tookeffective measures to improve public morals.（3⑤）On one hand，we must use education to（8）enhance their moral consciousness.（3⑥）On theother hand，the government should improve the administration system and ensure the（9）efficientimplementation of administration measures.（3⑦）In a word，the improvement of public morals depends on all of us.
点评
（1）意为“例如”，用于表示列举。
（2）列举原因时常用的句式。
（3）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（4）意为“管理措施执行不力”。
（5）列举原因时常用的句式。
（6）引出危害时常用的句式。
（7）引出解决办法时常用的句式。
（8）意为“提高公共意识”。
（9）意为“管理措施的有效执行”。
星期三 如何写说明危害段和说明好处段
一、段落基本句型构造
1 说明危害段
说明危害段一般出现在对策方法类作文的第二段或是利弊分析类作文的第二段，其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话总述问题的危害或弊端，这是段落的主题句；然后用3～4句话列举2～3点具体的危害或弊端，以支持主题句；最后再用一句话对这些危害或弊端作出总结，引出下面对解决方法或观点的阐述（本句也可能放在下一段的开头）。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.目前有些校园内浪费现象严重。
2.浪费的危害。
3.倡导从我做起，杜绝浪费。
第二段：说明危害段
①As everyone sees，this phenomenon produces harmful effects in many aspects.②Above all，the waste of those precious resources，such as water and electricity，will bring great economic loss to our country.③Also，as these resources are not inexhaustible，wasting them will be a treat to human’s future survival.④Besides，our waste will undoubtedly burden our family and society heavily.⑤Therefore，it is high time for us to take effective measures to eliminate waste on campus.
2 说明好处段
说明好处段一般出现在说明现象类作文的第二段或是利弊分析类作文的第一段或第二段（具体根据提纲），其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话总述问题的好处或优点，这是段落的主题句（如果出现在第一段，该句前面一般还有一句对主题的总述）；然后用3～4句话列举2～3点具体的好处或优点，以支持主题句。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Pros and Cons of College Students’Taking Part-time Jobs.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.分析大学生做兼职的利与弊。
2.谈谈你的看法。
第一段：说明好处段
①Nowadays many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time.②It is no doubt that taking a part-time job brings about several advantages to college students.③Above all，part-time jobs provide students with a valuable chance to put their knowledge into practice.④Moreover，the experience they get from part-time jobs will prepare them for the future job market.⑤Besides，students can get some money to help unload the burden on their families.
除了说明危害段和说明好处段以外，四级作文中还经常涉及说明影响段（大多出现在说明现象类作文中），其结构与说明危害段和说明好处段基本相同，影响的内容可能有好有坏，也可能属于中性（无所谓好坏），考生在具体写作时要注意灵活处理。
二、各类功能句常规写法
1 说明危害段
1）引出危害
①However，problems may also arise.
然而，也可能会出现问题。
②These immoral behaviors have brought great bad/negative effects on our society.
这些不道德的行为已经给我们的社会带来极大的负面影响。
③Depression can bring great bad influences/effects on one’s study，work and life.
抑郁会给人的学习、工作和生活带来极大的不良影响。
④Noise brings great harm to our daily lives.
噪声给我们的日常生活带来很大的危害。
⑤However，the use of the so-called“convenience goods”is extremely harmful in many ways.
然而，使用这些所谓的“便利品”有很多害处。
⑥It is very clear that this phenomenon produces harmful effects in many aspects.
很显然，这种现象会产生很多危害。
⑦Psychological problems are likely to lead to very serious results.
心理问题可能会导致非常严重的后果。
⑧On the other hand，private tutoring has also some disadvantages.
然而，私人家教也有一些缺点。
⑨As every coin has two sides，recycling textbooks has also some disadvantages.
正如每个硬币都有两面一样，循环使用教科书也有一些弊端。
⑩However，many others hold that the holiday economy does more harm than good.
然而，也有许多人认为，假日经济弊大于利。
（11）However，relaxing the limit of age and marriage might bring some problems.
不过，放宽年龄和婚姻方面的限制可能会带来一些问题。
（12）In fact，depression affects not only one’s mind but also his body.
实际上，抑郁既会影响人的思想也会影响人的身体。
（13）However，deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways.
然而，为孩子决定一切不但对他们没有帮助，反而会有很多害处。
（14）Though most of students’taking seats in advance are for the purpose of better study，this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects.
尽管大多数学生提前占座是为了更好地学习，但是这种现象还是有很大的负面影响。
（15）A smart use of reference books is certainly beneficial，but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
明智地使用参考书当然有益，但是误用或过度使用这些书就可能会带来很多问题。
（16）If this trend continues，it will exert undesirable/disastrous effect/influence.
这种趋势如果持续下去的话，将会带来不良的/灾难性的影响。
2）列举危害
①First，the travel craze puts a heavy burden on the traffic system.
首先，旅游热潮给交通系统造成了沉重的负担。
②Second，thousands of tourists flood into scenic spots，causing over-crowdedness and safety problems.
第二，成千上万的游客涌向各个景点，带来过度拥挤和安全问题。
③Secondly，some students rely on the reference books too much，which is unfavorable to the improvement of their ability to work out the solutions by themselves.
第二，一些学生过分地依赖参考书，这不利于培养他们独立解决问题的能力。
④Thirdly，there are some reference books filled with mistakes，which might mislead students.
第三，一些参考书中错误连篇，可能会误导学生。
⑤Finally，disposable products make people develop a throwaway habit，which is harmful to our social atmosphere.
最后，一次性产品可能会让人们养成随手扔东西的习惯，这将对整个社会的风气造成不利的影响。
⑥On the hand，it is a selfish behavior，which damages other students’interests.
一方面，这是一种自私的行为，会损害其他同学的利益。
⑦For one thing，married students have to take care of their family，which brings more difficulties for school management.
一方面，已婚学生必须要照顾家庭，这会给学校管理带来更多的困难。
⑧For one thing，it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that he can hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment.
一方面，这会占用学生太多的时间，导致学生几乎没有足够的时间休息和娱乐。
⑨Moreover，one’s violating public morality not only invades others’benefits but also does harm to himself.
而且，违反公共道德不仅侵犯他人的利益也会伤害到自己。
⑩Furthermore，disposable products cause serious pollution to our environment.
而且，一次性产品会给环境造成严重的污染。
（11）More seriously/Even worse，some students might lose control of their emotions and behaviors.
更糟的是，一些学生可能会无法控制自己的情绪和行为。
（12）What’s worse，depression is one of the main reasons that people kill themselves.
更糟的是，抑郁是导致人们自杀的主要原因之一。
（13）These disasters have killed millions of people，destroyed countless homes，and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.
这些灾难已经夺走了数百万人的生命，摧毁了无数的家园，还吞噬了大量肥沃的土地。
（14）Long exposure to noise will lead to the loss of hearing and possibly drive people mad.
长期接触噪声会导致失聪，还可能使人发疯。
（15）For example，if most people buy pirated products，those original producers will suffer great damage and might lose the enthusiasm to continue their producing，which in turn influences consumers.
例如，如果大多数人都购买盗版产品，那些正版产品的生产者将遭受极大的损失，而且可能会失去继续生产的热情，这反过来会影响到消费者。
（16）Many college students are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are seriously affected.
许多大学生过分迷恋这些游戏，导致他们的健康和学习成绩受到了严重的影响。
2 说明好处段（或说明影响段）
1）引出好处（或影响）
①The advantages of this policy are obvious.
该项制度的好处十分明显。
②Telecommuting system has many advantages.
远程办公系统有很多优点。
③Compared with traveling alone，traveling with a companion also has its advantages.
和独自旅行相比，结伴旅行也有自身的优点。
④Undoubtedly，college students can benefit a lot from physical exercise.
毫无疑问，大学生能够从体育锻炼中得到很多好处。
⑤These cultural activities have brought many benefits for college students.
这些文化活动已经给大学生带来了很多好处。
⑥Pets’service does good to both the society and the individual.
宠物服务既有益于社会也有益于个人。
⑦No doubt，digital products have brought us great convenience and pleasure.
毫无疑问，数码产品已经给我们带来了极大的便利和快乐。
⑧The increasing number of people traveling abroad might have both its advantages and disadvantages.
出国旅行人数的增加可能有利有弊。
⑨As everyone sees，this phenomenon has brought considerable effect/influence on people’s work and life.
正如大家所看到的，这种现象已经给人们的工作和生活带来了极大的影响。
⑩Undoubtedly，it will produce profound/far-reaching/remarkable effect/influence on people’s life.
无疑，它将会对人们的生活产生深远的/显著的影响。
（11）It is obvious that physical exercise is very beneficial/favorable to the healthy development of college students.
显然，体育锻炼对大学生的健康发展非常有益。
2）列举好处（或影响）
①Firstly，it provides more people with chances to receive higher education.
首先，它为更多的人提供接受高等教育的机会。
②First of all，these lectures broaden the students’knowledge horizon and cultivate their interests in different fields.
首先，这些讲座拓宽了学生的知识面，培养了他们对不同领域知识的兴趣。
③Moreover，traveling alone tends to bring the traveler unexpected surprise，such as making a new friend and enjoying a different scenery.
而且，独自旅行往往会带给旅行者意外的惊喜，例如结交到新朋友，欣赏到别样的风景。
④Moreover，physical exercise is an effective way to release pressure.
而且，体育锻炼是缓解压力的一种有效方式。
⑤Besides，by attending practical activities，students can have more chances to contact others，which can help them improve their social skills.
此外，通过参加实践活动，学生可以获得更多和其他人接触的机会，这有助于提高他们的社交能力。
⑥Besides，social practice helps strengthen students’sense of social responsibility.
此外，社会实践有助于增强学生的社会责任感。
⑦Besides，lectures make the life of the students colorful.
此外，讲座使学生的生活变得丰富多彩。
⑧Thanks to these cultural activities，our college life has become more colorful and enjoyable.
由于有了这些文化活动，我们的大学生活变得更加丰富和愉快。
三、典型段落操练
要求：请撰写下列作文，注意其中说明危害段或说明好处段的写法。
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Make Full Use of Reference Books.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline（given in Chinese）below:
1.参考书泛滥已成为师生共同关注的问题。
2.参考书泛滥带来了哪些危害？
3.作为大学生，应该如何正确选择和使用参考书？
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Social Practice.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below:
1.近年来各大学纷纷开展社会实践活动。
2.社会实践能给学生带来哪些好处？
3.“我”对社会实践的看法。参考范文
练习一
How to Make Full Use of Reference Books
第一段：概述问题段
Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for both teachers and students.There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market.A smarter use of these books is certainly beneficial，but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of harm.
第二段：说明危害段
First of all，teaching reference books might make the students less attentive in class.Armed with reference books，many students may think that they know what the teacher is going to talk about.So they may not listen to the teacher in class at all.Secondly，some students rely on the reference books too much，which is unfavorable to the improvement of their ability to work out the solutions for themselves.Thirdly，there are some reference books filled with mistakes，which might mislead students.
第三段：说明方法段
Considering the above-mentioned，we should be careful in selecting and using references books.Firstly，we should check the contents of the book carefully but not only pay attention to the brand of publishing house.In addition，we can turn to the recommendation of teachers and students around us.Besides，reference books are just an assistant，so we couldn’t rely on them too much.Only in this way can we make full use of reference books.
练习二
Social Practice of College Students
第一段：概述现象段
Nowadays many universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activities.During the holidays，more and more students choose to be volunteers，take part-time jobs，or take part in other practical activities alike.It’s obvious that social practice is playing a more and more important role in China’s college education.
第二段：说明好处段
Undoubtedly，college students have benefited a lot from social practice.Above all，they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside the campus.Moreover，in social practice activities，students can apply their knowledge to the solution to the practical problems.So their practical skills are improved greatly.Besides，social practice helps strengthen students’sense of social responsibility.
第三段：总结观点段
Considering the above-mentioned，I think，it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice.However，social practice may bring some problems.For example，some students spend too much time in taking part-time jobs so as to ignore their study.Therefore，we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Students Should Attend Physical Exercise.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.有些大学生不喜欢参加体育锻炼，这种做法是相当不可取的。
2.大学生参加体育锻炼的好处。
3.你喜欢参加何种体育锻炼？
范文
Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life.（1①）However，still some college students do not like to attend sports activities.They think those activities waste their time and influence their study.（2）Indeed，（3）it is very unwise for collegestudents to keep distance from physical exercise.
Physical exercise（4）is very beneficial to college students.（1②）First of all，（5）attend-ing sports activities can help college students build a strong body and keep abundant energy.（1③）Moreover，physical exercise is（6）an effectiveway to release pressure and keep a pleasant mood.（1④）Besides，（7）by attending physical activities，students can have chances to contact and communicate with others，（8）which can help them improve their social skills.
Nowadays colleges and universities provide many sports facilities for students to do physical exercise.Students can choose freely（9）accord-ing to their interests and needs.（10）As for me，I am keen on all kinds of ball games，（11）especially football and basketball.From these games，I have gained great pleasure and made many friends.（1⑤）To conclude，every college student（12） should not hesitate to attend sports activities.
点评
（1）衔接词语使文章条理清晰，意思连贯。
（2）意为“实际上，事实上”，相当于in fact。
（3）固定句式：It is…for sb.to do sth.其中it是形式主语，不定式短语是实际的主语。
（4）意为“对……有益”。
（5）动名词短语做主语。
（6）意为“缓解压力的一种有效的方式”。
（7）by表示方式、方法。
（8）which引导非限制性定语从句。
（9）意为“根据自己的兴趣和需要”。
（10）用于引出个人喜好。
（11）意为“尤其是，特别是”。
（12）意为“应该毫不犹豫地做某事”。
星期四 如何写提出观点段和总结观点段
一、段落基本句型构造
1 提出观点段
提出观点段分为两种：
第一种是提出一种正确的观点，一般出现在论证观点类作文的第一段。其基本的句型构造是：先用两句话引出要论证的观点；然后用2～3句话阐述观点蕴涵的道理。
第二种是提出两种对立的观点，一般出现在对比分析类作文的第一段。其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话引出要讨论的主题；然后用1～2句话提出关于该主题的两种不同的看法。
需要注意的是，第二种提出观点段有时也可以是先提出对立观点中的一种观点，然后简单进行论证，之后第二段再提出另外一种观点并进行论证，考生在写作时可根据具体情况灵活处理。
2 总结观点段
与提出观点段一样，总结观点段也分为两种：
第一种是对一种观点进行总结，一般出现在观点论证类作文的第三段。其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话重申所论证的观点的正确性或其中的道理；然后用2～3句话提出建议、倡议或正确的做法，呼应论点。
第二种是对两种对立的观点进行总结，一般出现在对比分析类作文的第三段。其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话表明自己的倾向或选择；然后用2～3句话说明自己的倾向或选择的理由；最后用一句话提出建议或正确的做法，与前面的内容呼应。
需要注意的是，总结观点段也有可能出现在其他类型作文的第三段，比如说明现象类作文的提纲中就经常会要求考生谈谈对现象的看法，考生在写作时应根据提纲灵活处理。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Knowledge Is Power.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.知识就是力量。
2.试举例论证。
第一段：提出观点段
①It is generally accepted that knowledge is power.②The truth of it is self-evident.③With knowledge，one can find his position in the society.④And the history of the human civilization is the process of accumulation of knowledge.
第二段：总结观点段
①All mentioned above tell us that the power of knowledge is infinite.②It is knowledge that has brought us such a prosperous and strong country.③Therefore，we must try hard to acquire as much knowledge as we can to build a beautiful world.
例（2008年6月）
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Making Friends Similar or Different？You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.很多人认为结交性格相似的朋友比较好。
2.另一些人则认为还是结交性格互补的朋友比较好。
3.你的看法。
第一段：提出观点段
①When it comes to choosing friends，there is no complete agreement among people.②Some people take it for granted that it’s better to make friends with similar characters.③However，others maintain that friends with complementary characters seem advantageous.
第二段：总结观点段(https://www.daowen.com)
①Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer to have both types of friends.②For one thing，everyone has his strong points，and we can learn more from each other.③For another，friendship has something to do with fate，and it shouldn’t be arranged in advance.④Taking the above-mentioned factors into consideration，I may reasonably conclude that friendship is so valuable in our life that we should treasure it regardless of characters.
二、各类功能句常规写法
1 提出观点段
1）概述引出观点
①“Practice makes perfect”is a proverb full of logic.“熟能生巧”是一句充满哲理的谚语。
②The proverb“Where there is a will，there is a way”has been generally accepted for many years.
许多年来，“有志者，事竟成”这句谚语一直得到人们的普遍认可。
③There is a widespread proverb，“Man proposes，God disposes”，which means that the planning lies with man，the outcome with Heaven.
有一句广泛流传的谚语：“谋事在人，成事在天”，意思是说，事情是由人来规划的，但是结果却不是人能控制的。
④There is an old/popular saying/proverb which goes that“Practice makes perfect.”
有这样一句古老的谚语：“熟能生巧。”
⑤It has been widely accepted that union is strength.
人们一直相信：团结就是力量。
⑥Economy is a traditional Chinese virtue，which is very important to the healthy development of our whole society.
节约是中华民族的一项优良传统，它对于我们整个社会的健康发展至关重要。
⑦Nowadays there are still many people who take“Silence is gold”as a doctrine.However，indeed，in many cases，silence is not gold，especially in modern society.
现在，仍然有很多人把“沉默是金”当做信条。然而，事实上，在很多情况下，沉默并不是金，尤其是在现代社会。
⑧No doubt，opportunity can bring one’s abilities and skills to full play.However，one’s success is not decided only by opportunity but depends on many other factors.
无疑，机会可以让一个人的技能得到充分发挥，但是，一个人的成功并不只是由机会决定的，而是取决于许多其他因素。
2）阐述观点中的道理
①It tells us that after practicing doing something again and again，one can do it perfectly.
它告诉我们，经过反复实践以后，人能够熟练地完成某项工作。
②It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal，we have to do it in a down-to-earth way.
这提醒我们，如果要想实现最终的目标，我们就必须脚踏实地。
③It means that as long as a person possesses a strong will，he will certainly accomplish a task no matter how difficult it is.
这意味着，一个人只要拥有坚强的意志，不管多么困难的任务都能够完成。
④This proverb reflects a relation between success and luck，that is，we should always work hard in order to achieve our goal，though in many cases our final outcome may be unsatisfactory.
这句谚语反映了成功和运气之间的关系，也就是说，我们应该努力去实现自己的目标，尽管许多时候我们可能得不到令人满意的结果。
⑤The truth of this saying is not to give up comfort but to enhance efficiency.
这句话的意思并不是要我们放弃舒适，而是要提高效率。
⑥The truth of it is deep and profound.
其中的道理是深远的。
⑦Indeed，whether in the past or at present，economy is praiseworthy and should be popularized in our society.
事实上，无论过去还是现在，节约都值得称颂，应该在全社会普及。
3）引出有争议的话题
①Recently，China has banned all supermarkets，department stores and shops offering plastic bags for free，which has caused wide attention.
最近，中国已经禁止了所有超市、商场和商店免费提供塑料袋，这引起了广泛的关注。
②In recent years，more and more celebrities have been admitted to famous universities even without an entrance examination.This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.
近几年，越来越多的名人甚至没有经过入学考试就被著名的大学录取，这一现象引起了广泛争议。
③Many people like reading books.However，how to get the book to read，buy it or borrow it，differs from one to another.
许多人喜欢读书，然而，关于书究竟是应该买来读还是应该借来读，人们看法不一。
④Some people propose such a question Will traditional newspapers be replaced by electronic newspapers？
一些人提出这样一个疑问：传统的报纸会被电子报纸取代吗？
⑤Different people hold different views about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed.
现在，对于做好事是否应该得到回报这一问题，不同的人有不同的看法。
⑥Nowadays，there is a heated debate as to whether textbooks should be recycled.
现在，关于教科书是否应该循环使用的问题，存在着广泛的争议。
⑦Nowadays there is no complete agreement on the relation between diploma and ability.
现在，关于文凭和能力的关系，人们看法不一。
⑧When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists，there is no complete agreement among people.
当谈到大学校园是否应该对游客开放这一话题时，人们持有不同的观点。
⑨When it comes to school activities，there is no consensus of opinions among people.
当谈到学校活动时，人们看法不一。
⑩As to the employment orientation，different students have different opinions/ choices.
关于就业方向，不同的学生有不同的想法或选择。
（11）Opinions vary from individual to individual，from culture to culture. 不同的人，不同的文化，对这一问题的看法都不相同。
（12）When asked which mode of travel they like，different people will offer different preferences.
当被问及喜欢哪种旅行方式时，不同的人有不同的偏好。
（13）Under the influence of these changes，some people come to the conclusion that traditional virtues，like thrift，honesty，and being happy to help others，are out of date，to which I could not give my consent.
在这些变化的影响下，一些人得出这样的结论：节俭、诚实、乐于助人等传统美德已经过时了。对此，我不能同意。
（14）Some people think college students should often take part in school activities，while others argue the main task for students is learning，so they shouldn’t pay too much attention to school activities.
一些人认为大学生应该经常参加学校活动，而另外一些人则认为学生的主要任务是学习，不该过分关注学校活动。
（15）Faced with the phenomenon of“DINK”，quite a few people think that it is a fashion，but other people conceive differently.
面对“丁克”现象，相当一部分人认为这是一种时尚，但是也有很多人并不认同。
（16）There are always many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of examination.Some people think examination is the only best way to test how examinees have mastered what they have studied.However，still others do not agree with this.
关于考试的利弊一直存在许多争议，一些人认为考试是测试知识掌握程度的最好方式，然而，也有很多人并不同意这种说法。
（17）There are more and more people looking for jobs every year，but they have different views about what kind of job they should choose.Some of them focustheir attention on the jobs that promise high salaries.Others show a preference for those jobs that offer chances to learn skills and advancement possibilities.
每年都有越来越多的人在找工作，但是他们对于应该选择什么样的工作却有着不同的看法，一些人看重能够提供高薪的工作，还有很多人倾向于那些能够提供学习和提升技能的空间的工作。
2 总结观点段
1）总结观点
①All the above-mentioned tell us that practice plays a very vital role in our study and work.
综上所述，实践在我们的学习和工作中发挥着极其重要的作用。
②Therefore，we should combine theory with practice in realizing our goals.
因此，我们在实现目标的过程中，应该把理论和实践相结合。
③Judging from the evidence offered，we might safely draw the conclusion that if we wish to succeed，we must firstly have a resolution and remember the saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
综上所述，我们可以得出这样的结论：如果想要成功，我们首先必须要有决心，并且铭记“有志者，事竟成”这句话。
④From the above-mentioned，we can conclude that it is not the opportunity itself that can decide one’s success or failure.
综上所述，我们可以得出这样的结论：机会本身并不能决定一个人成功与否。
⑤Therefore，whatever we do，we should not pay too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.
因此，无论做什么，我们都不应该过分追求速度而忽视了这些法则。
⑥Therefore，I think it is a trend that traditional newspapers will be replaced by electronic newspapers.
因此，我认为，传统报纸被电子报纸取代是一个趋势。
⑦To conclude/In a word，it is every citizen’s responsibility to do good deeds without expecting any reward.
总之，做好事不求回报是每一个公民的责任。
⑧In general，the advantages of science far outweigh its disadvantages.总体来说，科学的利远远超过它的弊。
⑨But，in sum，the examination does more good than harm.Therefore，I think the correct attitude towards examination should be to take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantage.但是，总体来看，考试肯定是利大于弊。因此，我认为，对待考试的正确态度应该是“扬长避短”。
2）表明观点、倾向或选择
①Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer the first/former/second/latter one.
权衡两种观点，我宁愿选择前者/后者。
②Weighing up these two arguments，I think a university should be an open place.
权衡两种观点，我认为大学应该是一个开放的地方。
③Weighing up the advantages and disadvantages，I think textbooks should be recycled.
权衡利弊，我认为，教科书应该循环使用。
④Considering the above-mentioned，I think，traditional virtues remain indispensable elements in the Chinese character in modern society.
综上所述，我认为，传统美德仍然是现代中国不可缺少的元素。
⑤In my view，our happiness and the realization of our ideal should depend on individual struggle.
我认为，我们的幸福和理想的实现应该靠我们的个人奋斗。
⑥As for me/Personally，I am in favor of charging for plastic bags.
至于我，我非常赞成塑料袋收费。
⑦As for me，I will give my vote to the development space first and then high salaries.
至于我，我会把发展空间放在首位，然后再考虑高工资。
⑧As far as I am concerned，I think the examination is very useful to both teachers and students.
就我而言，我认为，考试对于老师和学生都非常有用。
⑨From my point of view，luck does influence us sometimes，but in any case we are the master of our own fortune.
在我看来，运气有时候的确会影响我们，但是不管在什么时候，我们才是命运的掌控者。
⑩However，compared with the negative aspects，I think，the blessing of science is more evident.
然而，和其负面影响相比，我认为，科学所带来的好处更加显而易见。
3）引出注意事项
①But it is notable/worth noting that costs related to the recycling of textbooks should be controlled in an acceptable range.
但是值得注意的是，循环使用教科书的成本应该控制在可以接受的范围内。
②But of course，we shouldn’t neglect our studies.
但是，当然，我们不应该忽视学习。
③However，we must keep it in our mind that study is the most important thing for us.
然而，我们必须记住，对我们来说学习是最重要的事情。
④However，sometimes，some professors are too indulged in their scientific research projects for fame or higher position so as to ignore their teaching.
但是，有时候，一些教授为了名利过分专注于科研，忽视了教学。
三、典型段落操练
要求：请撰写下列作文，注意其中提出观点段或总结观点段的写法。
练习一
Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“The love of economy is the root of all virtue.”You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet or Newspapers？You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.现在许多人认为通过网络上获取消息更好，理由是……
2.而另一些人依然认为报纸是获取消息的更好来源，理由是……
3.“我”的看法。参考范文
练习一
The Importance of Economy
第一段：提出观点段
The saying“The love of economy is the root of all virtue.”shows the importance of economy.The truth of it is deep and profound.Indeed，whether in the past or at present，economy is praiseworthy and should be popularized in our society.
第二段：论证观点段
There are many reasons supporting this argument.As we know，it was just the virtue of economy that helped our country to get through the difficult periods in the days of founding of the new China.In modern society，though our economic level has been improved greatly，our rapid development to a great extent is at the cost of the overdue consumption of material resources.Besides，our country has a large population base，and our per-capita average of natural resources is low.Therefore，economy is still a necessity to our country.
第三段：总结观点段
We，as college students，should take our responsibility and learn to be economical in our daily life.Indeed，in terms of our clothing，food，sheltering，and transport，much work can be done to save valuable energy and natural resources such as power，water，coal，gas.What’s more，we should put paper and second-hand textbooks into wise use.In sum，our daily life should be permeated with the sense of economy.Only in this way can we create a conservation-oriented society as soon as possible. 练习二
Internet or Newspapers？
第一段：提出观点段
When it comes to what is the better way to get the daily news，there is no complete agreement among people.Some people take it for granted that internet has become their main source of daily news.However，others maintain that newspapers should be regarded as a better source.
第二段：对比论证段
Those people who hold the first opinion believe internet news can vividly bring dramatic events of singular importance before our eyes.In addition，they can actively search for the information they want.However，still others do not agree this.In their opinions，newspapers have incomparable advantages in terms of convenience.Besides，they argue that the news on newspaper has stronger authority than on the internet.
第三段：总结观点段
Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer to the latter one.For one thing， newspapers can be read at any time in any place.For another，newspaper is so cheap that nearly everyone can afford it.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration，I may reasonably conclude that newspapers are the better source to know daily news.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Become a Specialist or a Generalist？You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.有人认为一个学生应该努力成为一个“专才”。
2.然而其他人则认为学生应该成为“通才”才能在现代社会立足。
3.你的看法是……
范文
（1①）When it comes to whether a student should become a specialist or a generalist，（1②）there is no complete agreement among people.（2①）Some people think that it is best for college students to（3）focus on developing skills in one field to become a specialist.（2②）However，others maintain that a versatile generalist（4①）ismore welcomed in the competitive job market.
（5）Those people who hold the formeropinion believe that it is impossible to demand college students to become an all-round generalist within four years.（6①）In addition，（7）withincreasing elaboration of social division，the specialists（8）are in more urgent need.（9）However，still others advocate the differentopinion.They hold that college students should stretch themselves to（10）as many fields aspossible to adapt to（11）the increasingly fierce competition.（6②）Besides，generalists（4②）are highly demanded in the information age.
（12）Personally，I am in favor of the formeropinion.（13）I don’t think it is advisable that college students equally spend their time and energy on several fields.（6③）Besides，the development of high-tech needs specialists.Therefore，I think to be a specialist is the right choice for most students.
点评
（1）引出有争议的话题的常 用 句 式，when it comes to…意为“当谈到或提及……”。
（2）提出对立观点的常用句式。
（3）意为“注重，集中”。
（4）被动语态使用恰到好处。
（5）用于引出第一种观点的理由。
（6）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（7）意为“随着社会分工越来越细”。
（8）意为“更加急需”。
（9）用于引出对相反观点的论证。
（10）as…as表示同级比较，意为“尽可能多的领域”。
（11）意为“越来越激烈的竞争”。
（12）用于引出个人观点。
（13）注意否定转移。
星期五 如何写论证观点段和对比论证段
一、段落基本句型构造
1 论证观点段
论证观点段一般出现在论证观点类作文的第二段，其基本的句型构造是：先用一句话承上启下，引出接下来对上段提出观点的论证；然后用3～4句话列举论据来论证观点的正确性。
例
Directions:For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Knowledge is Power.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.知识就是力量。
2.试举例论证。
第二段：论证观点段
①The infinite power of knowledge has been proved by many remarkable examples.②A case in point is the function of knowledge in the development of one nation.③Whether in war times or in peace times，one nation who doesn’t emphasize knowledge is doomed to fall behind others.④For another example，in people’s normal life，knowledge plays a vital role.⑤It is knowledge that has brought us such hi-tech products as computers and televisions which make our life enjoyable and colorful.
2 对比论证段
对比论证段一般出现在对比分析类作文的第二段，其基本的句型构造是：先用2～3句话阐述第一种观点或选择的理由；然后再通过一个转折句引出第二种观点或选择，再用2～3句话阐述第二种观点或选择的理由。
需要注意的是，有时候对比论证段可以分为两段，第一段先提出第一种观点并进行论证，第二段再提出第二种观点并进行论证，考生在写作时可根据提纲和自己的写作习惯灵活处理。
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Making Friends Similar or Different？You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.很多人认为结交性格相似的朋友比较好。
2.另一些人则认为还是结交性格互补的朋友比较好。
3.你的看法。
第二段：对比论证段
①Those people who hold the former opinion believe similar friends have more common ideas and interests.②So，it is happier and easier for them to get along with each other.③However，still others hold the different opinion.④They argue that by making friends with different characteristics，they can complement each other.⑤Besides，in their opinions，different friends can broaden each other’s minds.
二、各类功能句常规写法
1 论证观点段
1）举例论证
①There are numerous examples supporting this argument.
有大量的例子支持这一观点。
②There are many examples which can support this argument.
有大量的例子支持这一观点。
③There are too numerous examples to mention one by one.
有太多的例子，不胜枚举。
④Let’s take finding a job as an/another example.让我们以找工作为（另一个）例子。
⑤Han Xin of the Han Dynasty is a typical example of those who have patience.
汉朝的韩信就是一个典型的有耐心的人。
⑥A case in point is the important role of patience in English study.
一个典型的例子就是耐心在英语学习中的重要作用。
⑦A good example to illustrate is higher divorce rate in recent years.
近年来的高离婚率就是一个很好的例证。
⑧For another example，if we want to be proficient in using the computer，we also need lots of practice.
再比如说，如果我们想要熟练地使用计算机，也需要大量的练习。
2）列举论据
①The following reasons/facts can support the argument.
下面的理由/事实能够支持这一观点。
②There are many facts which can prove the argument.
有许多事实能够证明这一观点。
③This argument can be proved by the following facts.
这一观点能够被下列事实所证明。
④This is close to suggest that a strong will is a vital factor to one’s final success.
这就证明，坚强的意志是一个人取得最终成功的关键因素。
⑤Without practical operating experience，one can not become an expert on computer.
没有实际的操作练习，一个人不可能成为计算机方面的专家。
⑥As we know，it was just the virtue of economy that helped our country to get through the difficult periods in the days of founding of the new China.
如我们所知，正是节约的美德帮助我们国家度过了新中国成立初期那段艰苦的岁月。
2 对比论证段
1）提出或论证第一种观点
①Those who advocate college students’frequent attending school activities say that these activities provide students good chances to meet more people and make more friends.
提倡大学生应该经常参加学校活动的人认为，这些活动可以给学生提供更多接触他人和结交朋友的机会。
②People holding the first view usually think that more money will result in more happiness.持第一种观点的人通常认为，钱越多越幸福。
③Some people object strongly that universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.They hold that this admission pattern will damage the basic fairness rule of education.
一些人强烈反对大学降低标准招收名人，他们认为这种招生模式会破坏教育的公平原则。
④Most people welcome this measure.They believe charging for plastic bags will to some extent force people to reduce using plastic bags，which will help improve our environment.
大多数人欢迎这项措施，他们认为塑料袋收费会在某种程度上减少塑料袋的使用，这将有利于改善环境。
⑤Quite a few people’s answer is yes.They say electronic newspapers can be updated instantly.
相当一部分人的回答是肯定的。他们指出，电子报纸能够即时更新。
2）提出或论证相反观点
①However，still some other people/others think differently/do not agree this/hold the opposite opinion.
然而，还有一些人持不同的观点。
②However，still others don’t agree on this argument.They think that university professors are the main force of scientific research work.
然而，还有一些人不同意这种观点，他们认为，大学教授是科研工作的主力军。
③However，the holders of the second view argue that one should develop his skills as roundly as possible.
然而，持第二种观点的人认为，一个人应该尽可能全面地培养自己的技能。
④However，there are many others who take Leifeng as a model.
然而，也有许多人把雷锋当做榜样。
⑤But it doesn’t mean that a good marriage can ensure a real permanent happiness.
但是这并不意味着，好的婚姻就一定能够带来真正长久的幸福。
⑥However，there are many others who do not favor the university campus being open to tourists.In their opinions，tourists will destroy the quiet environment and influence students’normal study.Besides，they argue that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university.
然而，有许多人并不赞成大学校园对游客开放。他们认为，游客会破坏大学的安静环境并影响学生的正常学习。此外，他们认为，太多的游客会增加大学安保的负担。
三、典型段落操练
要求：请撰写下列作文，注意其中论证观点段或对比论证段的写法。
练习一
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Grades Can’t Say Everything.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below:
1.分数并不说明一切。
2.试举例论证。
练习二
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products？You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below:
1.现在许多人都喜欢买打折商品。
2.而另一些人认为越是打折的商品越不能买。
3.你怎样看？
参考范文
练习一
Grades Can’t Say Everything
第一段：提出观点段
For years many people had such thought that grades is of great significance to students.Many of them just work hard with almost no play so as to get a satisfied grade.However，grades can’t say everything.
第二段：论证观点段
The following reasons can support the argument.Undoubtedly，high grades don’t mean that one is excellent in everything.A case in point is that one may has a poor academic performance but show a great talent in music.Furthermore，grades can be affected by many uncertain factors，like student’s psychological state.For example，there are some excellent students who can’t perform well just because they are too nervous.Besides，sometimes some students cheat to get high grades which account for nothing.
第三段：总结观点段
All mentioned above tell us that grades can’t say everything.And it is only an indicator to evaluate one’s comprehensive ability.Therefore，we should make a proper use of grades to assess students’ability.
练习二
Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products？
第一段：提出观点段
When asked whether customers should buy cut-price products，different people will offer different views.Some people take it for granted that they would like to buy cut-price products since a discount is a great appeal.However，others maintain that it’s not a wise and rational idea to buy discount products.
第二段：对比论证段
Those people who hold the first opinion believe they can save themselves a lot of money.In addition，they can use less money to buy more products.However，still others do not agree this.In their opinions，the discount is merely a business means of attracting customers and enhancing their desire of purchasing.Besides，they argue that the discount always tempt customers to buy something unnecessary.
第三段：总结观点段
Weighing up these two arguments，I think customers should be alerter to cut-price products.For one thing，complaints about cut-price products rank first in recent days according to the newspaper.For another，cut-price products are usually not provided with an after-sales service like three guarantees for products.Considering these factors into consideration，we may reasonably conclude that customers should think carefully when buying cut-prices products.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Which Mode of Travel Do You Like？You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
1.有的人喜欢参加旅行团旅行。
2.有的人喜欢自己独自旅行。
3.你喜欢的是……
范文
（1①）When it comes to travel mode，（1②）different people have different preferences.（2①）Some people are in favor of the package tour.（2②）However，others would like to travel on their own.
（3）Those people who hold the first opinionbelieve package tour saves them a lot of trouble，（4）such as finding the accommodation.（5①）In addition，they say，package tour can relatively（6）ensure the safety of the tourists.（7）However，still others think differently.In their opinions，they can get（8）a greater degree ofindependence and freedom，and can take their time to（9）appreciate the views.（5②）Besides，they argue that it will cost（10①）less to travel on one’s own（10②）than join package tours.
（11）Weighing up these two arguments，Iprefer to the latter one.（5③）For one thing，I do not have to obey the regulation set by the travel agency.（5④）For another，I can decide by myself（12①）when to start on my way，（12②）where to linger a little longer（12③）and whichspot toskip over.（13）Considering all these，I think traveling on my own is a better mode of travel.
点评
（1）引出有争议话题的常用句式。
（2）提出对立观点的常用句式。
（3）引出第一种观点的理由。
（4）表示列举。
（5）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（6）意为“确保，保证”。
（7）引出对相反观点的论证。
（8）意为“更大的自由度”。
（9）意为“欣赏”。
（10）注意比较结构的使用。
（11）用于表明自己的倾向。
（12）平行结构增加了文章的文采。
（13）意为“鉴于这些”，用于得出结论。
星期六 一周复习效果检验
Test 1
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay to discuss the phenomenon of young people’s lacking the consciousness of gratefulness.You should explain the causes of the problem and then discuss how to solve it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 2
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to persist in something blindly.You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 3
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing the popularity of body-building.You should explain different purposes of people taking part in the activities of body-building.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 4
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Parents’Being Slaves to Children.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss why this phenomenon happens.You should:write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 5
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether we should believe that happiness lies in contentment.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 6
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether college students should do business in the dormitory.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 7
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Travel Alone or Travel with a Companion？Give your opinions and reasons.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 8
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled
Depression.Give your opinions on the bad influence of depression and how to deal with it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文
Test 1
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述年轻人缺乏感恩意识这一问题；第二段分析感恩意识缺失的原因；第三段说明如何让年轻人学会感恩。
Learn to Be Grateful
第一段：概述问题段
Nowadays quite a few young people lack consciousness of being grateful.They tend to take such things for granted as parents’supporting them，teachers’helping them，and waiters’serving them.They are even mean to say“thank you”.This phenomenon has caused great attention from the whole society.
第二段：说明原因段
The following points can account for the lack of gratefulness consciousness.First of all，unsound family education plays an important role.Most parents tend to pay too much attention to children’s academic performance，but ignore their value orientation.Moreover，schools don’t input enough time and money in moral education.Besides，nowadays young people get so much love that they are insensitive to others’care and help.
第三段：说明方法段
Considering the seriousness of the problem，it is high time to take effective measures to strengthen young people’s consciousness of being grateful.First，parents should improve self-quality and influence children by their own behaviors.Second，society and schools must increase input in moral education.Finally，we should learn to express our gratefulness to people around us，just beginning with a simple“thank you”.
Test 2
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇论证观点类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段由“永不言弃”引出应该学会放弃的观点；第二段从正反两方面论证该观点；第三段重申适当放弃的必要性，总结全文。
Learn to Give up Wisely
第一段：提出观点段
“Never give up”has been accepted by many people as a positive life attitude.It is no denying that persistence often plays an important role in one’s success.However，in many cases，to give up might be wiser than blind persistence.
第二段：论证观点段
The following reasons can support this argument.Firstly，sometimes our goal may be unrealistic.If we insist it blindly，it will finally bring us nothing but failure.At this time，we should give up the original goal and reset a more practical one.Secondly，not all persistence can bring deserving results.For a very simple example，if we keep waiting in line for hours only to have a lunch，maybe it is unworthy.Finally，to give up wisely do not mean admitting failure.Instead，it does mean a new hope of success.
第三段：总结观点段
Considering the above-mentioned，we can come to the conclusion that to give up wisely is a kind of more mature life attitude.Though giving up sometimes is painful and costly，in the long run，what we gain will definitely far outweigh what we lose.
Test 3
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述近年来人们热衷于参加健身俱乐部或健身中心的现象；第二段说明人们健身的主要目的；第三段谈谈“你”对健身的看法。
The Popularity of Body-building
第一段：概述现象段
In recent years，more and more people have joined in the body-building group.People begin to take part in various fitness clubs or fitness centers in their spare time.Body-building has become an indispensable part of many people’s life.
第二段：说明原因段
Why are so many people keen on body-building？Firstly，keeping health is one of their main purposes.In modern society，many people work with their brains most of the day.They want to improve their health by body-building.Secondly，quite a few people，especially the women，go to the gym in order to keep a good figure.Many setting-up exercises like aerobics are very helpful in cutting up weight.Besides，body-building is a good way by which many people release pressure.
第三段：总结观点段
As far as I am concerned，the popularity of body-building will be a long-time trend.It shows people begin to pay more and more attention to life quality.As a fashionable，healthy life style，body-building will attract more and more people.
Test 4
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前社会上许多父母轮为“孩奴”的现象；第二段分析这种现象可能造成的影响；第三段说明出现这种现象的原因。
Parents’Being Slaves to Children
第一段：描述图画段
As can be seen in the picture，the whole family including grandpas and grandmas are supporting a child.The picture reflects a kind of hot phenomenon in Chinese society that many parents become their“children’s slaves”.
第二段：说明影响段
Young parents spend a large part of their income and energy on children，and in many cases these young parents have to turn to their old parents，just as the above picture describes.The burden of raising a child not only pose great financial pressure on these young parents but also might threaten their physical and mental health，and even their marriages.
第三段：说明原因段
In my opinion，the appearance of a“child’s slave”is the result of the following factors.For one thing，the cost of raising a child in China has been on rise，while young parents’incomes are limited.For another，Chinese old tradition of spoiling a child has to be blamed.Parents compete with each other in trying to provide the best possible living conditions for their children.Their expenditure on children is sometimes even beyond their means.
Test 5
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段提出两种对立观点：知足常乐和不满足于现状才能进步；第二段对比阐述两种观点各自的理由；第三段表明个人倾向并阐述理由。
Does Happiness Lie in Contentment？
第一段：提出观点段
There is an old saying which goes“Happiness lies in contentment”.Some people take it as a doctrine and believe they should learn to be content with their present situation，while others maintain that only discontentment can bring constant improvement.
第二段：对比论证段
Those who hold the former opinion say that one person，who is content with profits and position he has gotten，has a more peaceful state of mind and knows more about how to enjoy life.Also，in their opinions，contentment can hold back one’s greed and evil desires.However，many others do not agree this.They think that being satisfied with things as they are will make one accept mediocrity and lose initiative，and finally lead to unhappiness but not happiness.
第三段：总结观点段
Weighing these two arguments，I prefer the latter one.From my point of view，contentment can not bring permanent happiness，and“happiness lies in contentment”is an excuse of those lazy and coward people.Besides，discontentment is a motivation to promote further improvement.Therefore，we should never be content with our present achievement but should improve ourselves constantly.
Test 6
Should College Students Do Business in the Dormitory？
第一段：描述图画段
As we can see from the picture，a students’store is opening for business，and a student is informing his customer of the arrival of the goods he ordered.The picture reflects a kind of phenomenon on campus that some college students with a good business sense have started their own businesses in the dormitory，like a grocery store or a duplicating shop.
第二段：说明利弊段
It is no doubt that doing business brings about some benefits to these students.They can earn more money to ease the burden of their families.What’s more，it makes them become more independent and understand parents’hardships.However，doing business do some harm to the students.Above all，spending too much time on business will influence normal study.Besides，since the dormitory does not belong to one individual，one’s business might disturb the others，which will lead to the disharmonious atmosphere.
第三段：总结观点段
In my opinion，college students’starting a business should be allowed and supported since they can get benefits from it.But it is worth noting that those students shouldn’t ignore their study and should try to avoid disturbing other students.
Test 7
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段指出人们对旅行方式的不同偏好：有人喜欢独自旅行，有人喜欢结伴旅行；第二段对比阐述独自旅行和结伴旅行各自的好处；第三段表明“你”更喜欢于哪种旅行方式，并说明理由。
Travel Alone or Travel with a Companion？
第一段：提出观点段
When it comes to traveling way，different people will offer different opinions.Some people like to travel alone，while others prefer to travel with a companion.Of course，everyone has his consideration for his preference.
第二段：对比论证段
Traveling alone，one can enjoy more freedom.The traveler can arrange his tour as he wishes without the trouble of humoring others.Moreover，traveling alone tends to bring the traveler unexpected surprise，such as making a new friend and enjoying a different scenery.Compared with traveling alone，traveling with a companion has also its advantages.For one thing，the group members can help and look after each other in the journey.For another，traveling with others who have the same interest，he can share costs and experiences with them.
第三段：总结观点段
As for me，I prefer to travel with a companion.Firstly，we can deal with possible problems and difficulties in the journey.Secondly，I like to share the pleasure of traveling with others.In sum，both traveling alone and traveling with a companion have their attractions，and you can find the pleasure from either one.
Test 8
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述近年来患抑郁症的人越来越多的问题现状及主要原因；第二段说明抑郁症带来的危害；第三段说明人们应该如何摆脱抑郁症。
Depression
第一段：概述问题段
In recent years more and more people have suffered from depression.With the increasingly fierce competition，more and more people are taking great pressure from study，work and life.Under great pressure，many people begin to become sad，hopeless and finally suffer from depression.
第二段：说明危害段
Depression has brought great bad influence on one’s study，work and life.In fact，depression affects not only one’s mind but also his body.Those with severe depression even cannot work or carry out normal activities.They might have feelings of sadness，hopelessness，not wanting food and trouble sleeping.Besides，depression has been linked to other disorders，including heart disease.What’s worse，depression is one of the main reasons that people kill themselves.
第三段：说明方法段
Considering the bad effects of depression，it must be taken more seriously.First of all，the patients with depression should accept treatment timely instead of covering or ignoring the disease.Actually，the best treatment is a combination of medication and psychological help.Besides，people should learn to release pressure and relax themselves.
第五周 灵活变换句式，瞄准用词亮点，突破14分
灵活变换长句短句、主动被动、强调倒装等各类句式，巧妙运用限定词语、动态名词、抽象名词等亮点词语，谙熟并牢记100个四级写作闪光句式和用词，可为您的作文锦上添花，在考试中博得高分。
星期一 把握组句技巧和用词原则
一篇文章要有合理的组织结构以外，更重要的是要有合理、多变的句式和规范、准确的用词。遣词造句能力是体现学生语言功底的基本技能，是考生写出高质量文章的保证。
一、组句技巧
1 句子应紧凑连贯
句子中各成分之间要衔接紧密、连贯并富有条理。我们可以通过关联词语引导从句或并列句来体现句子的内部关系，也可适当使用分词结构和一些独立的短语或是插入语成分来代替从句。此外，句子之间还要注意指代、时态、语态、人称和数等方面的连贯和一致。
如：原句：Teenagers are pressured by school work and they are also encouraged by their peers，and under these，they resort to smoking，and sometimes they feel a little guilty.
优化：Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers，teenagers often resort to smoking，though they feel a little guilty sometimes.（优化后的句子结构紧凑、意思连贯）
原句：The following ways can be adopted to improve our study efficiency.First，you should make a detailed study plan.
优化：The following ways can be adopted to improve our study efficiency.First，we should make a detailed study plan.（改成we后与前面的our在人称上做到一致）
2 句式应有变化
一篇文章要使人觉得内容丰富、语言生动，就应该重视句式的变化，如主动句和被动句搭配使用、适当穿插倒装句和强调句等特殊句式。另外，不要一味地使用常见的“主语+谓语”的开头方式，可以适当搭配以分词、副词等开头的句式。
如：原句：They say that people obtain most of their knowledge through reading extensively.
优化：They say that it is through reading extensively that people obtain most of their knowledge.（优化成强调句）
原句：The competition is becoming increasingly fierce，so it is more difficult to find a job than before.
优化：With the competition becoming increasingly fierce，it is more difficult to find a job than before.（介词短语开头）
3 句子表达要简洁
造句时，要注意避免赘言重复。只要意思表达清楚，多余的词语就没有必要了。有时有的考生纯粹为了凑字数，加上了一些不必要的成分，导致语义含混不清、啰唆冗长。
如：原句：I think Gone with the Wind is one of those good films which I enjoyed watching very much.
优化：Gone with the Wind is a film I enjoyed very much./I enjoyed the film Gone with the Wind very much.（将多余的成分去掉后，句子表达更加简洁）
4 长短句要结合
在写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要将简单句和带有衔接词的复杂句交替使用，这样才能够使文章句式丰富，富有节奏感。
5 少用问句，尽量不用感叹句和祈使句
有些考生喜欢开篇问一连串的问题，想以此引起阅卷老师的注意。一般来讲，一篇作文中可以偶尔出现1～2个问句，太多则会适得其反。
感叹句和祈使句多用于口语之中，不太适宜在四级的书面写作中出现。尽管在抒发感情和发出呼吁时也可以使用，但多数考生对这两种句式的把握能力不够，因此建议考生尽量不要使用。
二、用词原则
1 用词要简洁
能一个词表达清楚的意思，就不要加上多余的成分，另外还要注意不要造成意义上的重复累赘。
如：原句：What you have done is illegal under the law.
优化：What you have done is illegal.
2 用词要多样
注意不要一味地重复使用某个词汇，可适当转换成同义词或短语。也不要一味地使用同一种词性，要学会使用不同的词性。
如：原句：This can definitely make them work more enthusiastically.
优化：This can definitely stimulate their working enthusiasm.
3 多用朴素、易懂的词
对考生来说，生僻或华丽的辞藻驾驭起来比较难，很容易使用不当，很多时候不但不能给文章增色，反而可能会使阅卷老师困惑，起到负面作用。因此，建议考生在写作时尽量选用自己熟悉的词语。
如：原句：Parents in China always have altercations about their children’s education.
优化：Parents in China always have quarrels about their children’s education.
4 多用具体的词
如果词的概括性太强，往往让人觉得抽象、笼统，会给人模糊不清的感觉，
词义比较具体的词会使表达更加准确、生动。
如：原句：Some people like to read the newspaper very quickly and try to find some interesting stories.
优化：Some people like to flip through the newspaper and try to find some interesting stories.
5 注意使用限定词
在写作时适当使用限定词来修饰可以使论述更加客观、适度，避免观点的绝对化。
如：In general，young people seem more prone to job-hopping.Nowadays the increasingly severe employment situation is perhaps the biggest challenge facing college students.
三、典型真题词句点评
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively？You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.有人认为读书要有选择。
2.有人认为应当博览群书。
3.你的看法。
范文
（1）When it comes to reading way，there is no complete agreement amongpeople.（2①）Some people（3①）take itfor granted that reading should be selective.（2②）However，others（3②）maintain that it（4①）does more good to read extensively.
（5①）Those people who hold thefirst opinion（3③）believe reading selectively can save much time and（6）enable them to have enough time to（7）digest（8）what they have read.（9①）In addition，they（3④）insist that books of low quality（10①）may（4②）do harmto the youths（11①）who lack enough ability to tell the true from the false.（5②）However，still others think differently.（3⑤）In their opinions，students cannot get a general view about the world（12）without extensive reading.（9②）Besides，extensive reading can（13）extend theirrange of knowledge and broaden theirvision.（14）Weighing up these two arguments，Iprefer the former one.（9③）For one thing，（15）as a college student，we should choose those books（16）suitable to our reading level.（9④）For another，（17①）without selection，our reading（10②）may become（17②）aimless and blind，（11②）which will be（18）less efficient.（19）Considering these，we（10③）may reasonably conclude that college students should read selectively.
点评
句式上：本文长短句搭配合理，句式富于变化，句子之间和句子内部紧凑连贯，句子表达简洁明快。
用词上：本文用词简洁具体，富于变化，词性多样，体现出较强的语言驾驭能力。
（1）用于引出有争议的话题时常用的句式。
（2）用于提出两种对立观点时常用的句式。
（3）用不同的词表示“认为”，用词富于变化。
（4）前者意为“有好处”，后者意为“有害处”。
（5）用于引出每一种观点的理由。
（6）意为“使……能够”。
（7）意为“消化”，用词形象生动。
（8）what引导宾语从句。
（9）列举时常用的衔接词语，使文章条理清晰。
（10）使用限定词，使表达更加客观。
（11）注意定语从句的运用。
（12）介词短语“without…”相当于条件从句。
（13）意为“拓宽知识面和视野”。
（14）用于表明个人倾向，动名词短语开头。
（15）介词短语开头，句式富于变化。
（16）形容词短语做后置定语。
（17）形容词使用恰当。
（18）比较级使用恰当。
（19）用于得出结论，动名词短语开头。
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:In this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
1.目前盗版的现象比较严重。
2.造成这种现象的原因及危害。
3.我们应该怎么做？
范文
Nowadays piracy（1）is becoming more andmore of a problem in China.Almost any product，（2）such as tape，CD and hi-tech device，can be copied.（3）Shortly after a（4）newly-developed product is put on the market，people will（5）unsurprisingly find its pirated（6）counterparts in the stores.
（7①）It should be paid attention to that piracy causing great harm.（8①）On the one hand，pirated products often sell well（9①）due to their（10）unbeatable advantage in price（11）in spite of their relatively poor quality，and the original ones，（12）on the contrary，sell poorly.（8②）On the other hand，pirated products may also（13）have negative impacts on customers（14）since those legitimate producers’enthusiasm（7②）may be greatly hurt（9②）as a result of money loss.（8③）Therefore，（15）it is hightime that we took measures to solve the problem（16）as soon as possible.
（8④）First of all，stricter laws and regulations should be（17）issued to punish piracy behaviors.（8⑤）Moreover，（18）as customers，we should（19）develop our consciousness to resist pirated products.（20）Only in this way canthis problem be solved radically.
点评
（1）引出问题时常用的句式。
（2）插入语，表示列举。
（3）意为“……之后不久”。
（4）复合形容词，意为“新开发的”。
（5）副词使用恰当，意为“毫不令人惊奇地”。
（6）意为“相似之物”。
（7）被动语态使用恰当。
（8）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。
（9）表示原因的不同短语。
（10）意为“无可比拟的价格优势”。
（11）意为“尽管”。
（12）插入语，意为“相反”。
（13）意为“对……有负面影响”。
（14）since引导原因状语从句。
（15）引出解决办法时常用的句式，意为“该是……的时候了”。
（16）意为“尽可能快”。
（17）意为“发布，颁布”。
（18）介词短语开头。
（19）意为“培养我们……意识”。
（20）“only+状语”位于句首引起倒装。
星期二 如何合理搭配长短句
在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，长短句应交替使用。英语的句子主要可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。一般来说，写作中是以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句也可长可短，一般会加些附属成分，如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。
一、长句的用法
长句含有许多修饰语，适合表达准确而复杂的思想，解释观点或理论，描写细致的事物。写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系，善于发现简单句之间的关联，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句，增加文章的气势。
如：原句：Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.
优化：Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
原句：Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact.
优化：It is widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true.
二、短句的用法
长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句式，华而不实，反而成为表达的累赘。因此，写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短。
短句比较简洁、明快、有力，适合陈述重要的事实或想法。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼。
如：原句：Many automobile parts that are made of plastics and other synthetic materials do not last long.
优化：Many automobile parts made of plastics and other synthetic materials do not last long.
原句：He didn’t have enough experience，which is the reason why he didn’t do the work well.
优化：He didn’t do the work well for lack of experience.
三、长短句变换练习
要求：将下列长句或短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达需求。
1.If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources，they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision，while if conditions don’t permit them to go abroad，they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country.
2.China’s seven-day Labor Day and the National Day holidays now is entering their seventh.The possibility of cancelling the holidays，usually called“Golden Week”，has become a widely discussed topic.
3.They argue that“Golden Week”is very effective.It introduces the idea of vacation travel to Chinese.
4.Firstly，a lot of visitors swarm into scenic spots suddenly.It will bring environmental stress.
5.The meaning of his statement is that he is of the opinion that the death penalty should be allowed.
6.Thirdly，after“Golden Week”，the number of tourists declines greatly.It results in the serious imbalance in travel industry.It does not really boost travel industry in a long run.
7.We need more flexible holidays.Thus we can satisfy the traveling desire of Chinese people.At the same time，we can avoid huge consumption imbalance between the“Golden Week”and usual times.
8.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways.
9.The place where they study is not very important for them，and instead，it is what they can learn that is the most important.
10.Second，if they complete part or all of their education overseas，they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.
参考答案
1.If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources，they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision.On the other hand，if conditions don’t permit，they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country.
2.With China’s seven-day Labor Day and the National Day holidays now entering their seventh，the possibility of cancelling the holidays，usually called“Golden Week”has become a widely discussed topic.
3.They argue that“Golden Week”is very effective in introducing the idea of vacation travel to Chinese.
4.Firstly，the sudden swarming of visitors will bring environmental stress on scenic spots.
5.He thinks that the death penalty should be allowed.
6.Thirdly，after“Golden Week”，the number of tourists declines greatly，which results in the serious imbalance in travel industry instead of really boosting travel industry in a long run.
7.We need more flexible holidays to satisfy the traveling desire of Chinese people and avoid huge consumption imbalance between the“Golden Week”and usual times.
8.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways.
9.What counts is not the place where they study，but what they can learn./It is not the place where they study but what they can learn that counts.
10.Second，completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.
四、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Your Attitude Towards Criticism.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.每个人都可能会受到别人的批评。
2.不同的人对待批评的态度是不同的。
3.你怎么看待别人对你的批评？
范文
Every one of us may be criticized by others in our life.（1）For example，（2①）workers who fail to accomplish their tasks may be criticized by their employer；（2②）students who have poor performance in exams may be criticized by their teachers and parents.
（3）However，attitudes towards criticism（4）differ from person to person.（5①）Somepeople will become annoyed，and will try to defend themselves（6）by all means.（5②）Some people may（7）be indifferent to criticism.They just regard criticism as nonsense.（5③）But otherpeople accept criticism modestly and find their shortcomings from others’criticism，（8）who（9）tend to（10）stand a good chance of success.
As for me，I welcome others’criticism.I have always believed that old Chinese saying（11）“Good medicine that tastes bitter will help one’sillness”.In my opinion，（12）though criticism will make us unhappy，it can help us know our shortcomings and inadequacy.Therefore，we should（13）place more emphasis on others’ criticism，（14）instead of being annoyed with or（15）turn a deaf ear to it.
点评
（1）举例说明。
（2）排比句，结构相同，增加气势。
（3）转折引出对批评的不同态度，使上下文过渡自然，衔接紧密。
（4）意为“各人不同”。
（5）列举了不同人的不同态度。
（6）意为“尽一切办法，务必”。
（7）意为“无动于衷，漠不关心”。
（8）who引导非限制性定语从句。
（9）意为“易于……，有……倾向”。
（10）意为“很有可能，大有机会”。
（11）引用谚语“良药苦口利于病”。
（12）though引导让步状语从句。
（13）意为“更加强调或重视”。
（14）意为“而不是”。
（15）意为“充耳不闻，置之不理”。
星期三 如何制造亮点句式
一篇文章如果反复使用同一句式，就会显得单调无味、毫无生气，因此写作时一定要注意句式变换，今天我们的任务就是学会如何制造亮点句式，把作文变得丰富多彩、充满生气。
一、倒装句和强调句
1 什么是倒装句
句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时为了修饰原因，可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的作用。英语中倒装主要有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。
（1）全部倒装是指主语和谓语完全倒置，常用于记叙或描写。
（2）部分倒装是指只将助动词提到主语前面，而主要动词仍然保留在原来的位置上，常用于议论或说明。
如：原句：By reading widely，he can really make remarkable achievements in his study.
优化：Only by reading widely can he really make remarkable achievements in his study.
2 什么是强调句
写作中，常使用强调句来达到突出重点的目的。强调句的基本结构是：It is（was）+被强调的部分+that（who）+句子其他成分。
如：原句：Not how much you read but what you read really matters.
优化：It is not how much you read but what you read that really matters.
二、含有插入语的句子
插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。插入语有时表达说话者的态度和看法，有时起强调的作用，有时是为了引起对方的注意，有时起转移话题或说明事由的作用，有时还可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密。
写作中常用到的插入语包括：
副词和副词短语：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily/happily for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪地），briefly（简单地说），personally（依个人之见）。
形容词或形容词短语：true（真的），funny（可笑的），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）。
介词短语：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short/in brief（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in one’s view（在某人看来），in one’s opinion（按照某人的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（当然），to one’s surprise（使某人惊奇的是），to one’s regret（使某人遗憾的是），for example（例如），on the contrary（相反），in other words（换句话说），on the other hand（另一方面）。
分词短语：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），considering/taking…into consideration（考虑到，鉴于），judging from（根据……判断）。
不定式短语：to be sure（无疑），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（说实话），to be frank/to be honest（说实在的，老实说），to make matters worse（更糟的是），to start with/to begin with（首先，第一）。
简短的句子：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe/think（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse（更糟糕的是），that is to say（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）。
如：原句：I think that computer games can also do some good to young people.
优化：Computer games，in my opinion，can also do some good to young people.
原句：The above-mentioned show that it is no doubt that college students should often attend sports activities.
优化：Considering the above-mentioned，it is no doubt that college students should often attend sports activities.
三、含有平行结构的句子
平行结构指的是将结构相同或相似、意义并重、语气一致的语言成分并行排列的一种修辞手法。这种结构层次清晰、语意顺畅，能够起到加强语气、增强表达效果的作用。
如：原句：This phenomenon，in my opinion，has upgraded the quality of people’s life.And it has also improved the value of consumption of our modern society.
优化：This phenomenon，in my opinion，has not only upgraded the quality of people’s life but also improved the value of consumption of our modern society.
原句：Many people get up early to jog along country lanes，or in order to observe the wonder of nature.And some also just watch the sun rise.
优化：Many people get up early to jog along country lanes，to observe the wonder of nature，or just to watch the sun rise.
四、含有非谓语动词的句子
非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。使用非谓语动词可以用较少的词表达同等甚至更加丰富的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。
如：原句：It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be time-wasting and harmful.
优化：It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is time-wasting and harmful.
原句：Because one of my parents is laid off，my family can’t possibly afford all my expenses at college.
优化：With one of my parents being laid off，my family can’t possibly afford all my expenses at college.
五、含有谚语格言的句子
如果能在作文中恰当地引用1～2句谚语格言，将会增加作文的表现力，展示出作者的语言功底，有助于获得阅卷老师的青睐。但需要注意的是，不要引用过于生僻或自己不太熟悉的谚语格言，否则引用不当，反而会适得其反。另外，谚语格言并不是越多越好，一般来说，一篇作文引用一句就可以了，最多不要超过两句。
如：原句：Doing part-time jobs has its disadvantages.
优化：Every coin has two sides.So does doing part-time jobs.
原句：Last but not the least，you need an intense interest in learning English.
优化：Last but not the least，you need an intense interest in learning English since“interest is the best teacher”.
六、亮点句式改写练习
1.Humor can help us ease tension，and also can overcome our frustration.In addition，dissolving countless irritations is the function of humor.（改写句子使其包含平行结构）
2.When I look into the future，I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.（用非谓语动词改写时间状语从句）
3.Whether a piece of work is hard or not，it requires patience and firmness for completion.（改写句子使其包含插入语）
4.In this way public property can be well preserved and put into better use.（将句子改写成倒装句）
5.We should not throw a burning match or cigarette butts into a waste-basket.And placing a lighted candle near curtains is also foolish.Moreover，we should not fail to extinguish a flaming fire.（改写句子使其包含平行结构）
6.It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be time-wasting and harmful.（用非谓语动词改写从句部分）
7.Fake commodities not only can disturb the normal marketing order，but also may threaten people’s health and lives.（将句子改写成倒装句）
8.If either of them can be a little more tolerant，I think that this quarrel can be avoided easily.（改写句子使其包含插入语）
9.We have grown so old because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere，rather than because of any change in the death rate.（将句子改写成强调句）
10.I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.（用古语“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”改写）
11.Some big factories which are armed with advanced machines and technology may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter that is produced in the manufacturing process.（用非谓语动词改写定语从句）
12.Time is so precious that we can’t afford to waste it.（将句子改写倒装句）
13.Her talent but not her look really works in her career development.（将句子改写强调句）
14.Millions of people have been killed by these disasters.They also destroyed countless homes，wiping out numerous pieces of fertile land.（改写句子使其包含平行结构）
参考答案
1.Humor can help us ease our tension，overcome our frustration and dissolve our countless irritations.
2.Looking into the future，I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.
3.A piece of work，whether hard or not，requires patience and firmness for completion.
4.Only in this way can public property be well preserved and put into better use.
5.Throwing a burning match or cigarette butts into a wastebasket，placing a lighted candle near curtains，or failing to extinguish a flaming fire is a foolish thing to do.
6.It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is time-wasting and harmful.
7.Not only can the fake commodities disturb the normal marketing order，but also may threaten people’s health and lives.
8.If either of them can be a little more tolerant，this quarrel，I think，can be avoided easily.
9.It is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere，rather than because of any change in the death rate，that we have grown so old.
10.Just as the old saying goes，“It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar！”I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.
11.Some big factories，armed with advanced machines and technology，may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter produced in the manufacturing process.
12.So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
13.It is her talent but not her look that really works in her career development.
14.These disasters have killed millions upon millions of people，destroyed countless homes，and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.
七、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Making All Decisions for Children.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.很多家长习惯于替孩子做决定，如选择学校，选择工作等。
2.分析这种现象给孩子带来的影响。
3.你的看法是……
范文
In modern society，traditional patriarchy is still influencing Chinese parents.They（1）tend to make almost all decisions for their children，（2①）from（3①）choosing schools（2②）to（3②）picking up a profession.（2③）Sometimes even many detailed things（4）such as clothing and diets have to be decided by parents.
（5）However，deciding everything for children does（6①）not help them（6②）but harm them in many ways.（7①）On the onehand，it will make children lack independence and initiative，（8）which（9）is unfavorable to their development（10）in the long run.（7②）On theother hand，in many cases，parents’decisions are not always（11）in accordance with their children’s personal ideas and interest.It will make children form resistance and naturally influence their growth.
（12）From my point of view，（13①）it is unwise for parents to make every decision for their children.（13②）It is obvious that parents cannot accompany their children all the time.Growing to be independent is the natural way for everybody.Therefore，parents should give their children rights to make their own decisions.They can help their children（14）but not replace them to make choices.
点评
（1）意 为“易 于……，有……倾向”。
（2）针对all decisions作进一步说明，富有层次感。
（3）都表示“选择”，用词富于变化。
（4）表示列举。
（5）转折引出下文，使上下文过渡自然、衔接紧密。
（6）意为“不是……而是”，用于连接并列成分。
（7）意为“一方面，……。另一方面，……”。
（8）which引导非限制性定语从句。
（9）意为“不利于”。
（10）意为“从长远来看”。
（11）意为“与……一致”。
（12）用于引出个人观点。
（13）it充当形式主语。
（14）意为“而不是，而不要”。
星期四 如何制造亮点词语
一篇文章要想吸引阅卷老师的眼球，给人眼前一亮的感觉，没有地道准确的用词是不行的。今天我们的任务就是学会如何制造亮点词语，让自己的遣词更形象、更生动，使自己的作文亮起来、炫起来。
一、选用具体的词
和具有一般含义的词汇相比，具体词汇能够使语言表达更加准确、形象和生动。比如，good food和tasty/delicious/fresh food相比，显然，后面的具体词汇更富有表现力。
但是，受汉语表达习惯的影响，很少考生能用具体的词汇表达复杂的概念。这就暴露出考生对语言的驾驭能力不够。因此，考生在进行写作训练时，要有意识地选用比较具体的词汇，增强语言的表现力，为文章增加亮点。
如：原句：No one saw the bank being broken into.
优化：No one witnessed the bank being broken into.
原句：Sometimes women are still made unable to have equal rights in modern society.
优化：Sometimes women are still denied equal rights in modern society.
二、恰当使用限定词
限定词的使用能使论述更加客观、适度，避免观点的绝对化，提高说服力和可信度。
写作中常见的限定词有：may，maybe，perhaps，probably，mainly，generally，commonly，personally，comparatively，typically，usually，sometimes，often，most，mostly，nearly，almost，not necessarily，in general，at least，at most，may as well，if possible，had better，to some extent，to some degree，more often than not，for the most part等。
如：原句：I don’t agree with the first argument.
优化：I don’t agree with the first argument to some extent.
原句：The first appearance will determine the moder fate.
优化：The first appearance more often than not will determine the applicant’s fate.
三、注意区分近义词
由于英语词义范畴非常广泛，即便是近义词或同义词也只是某种程度上的近似，不可能在意义上完全对等。这就需要考生在选词时斟酌其含义的微妙差别，辨析同义词在具体语境中的不同用法。
如：原句：So there arises the problem Will electronic books replace traditional books？（指“实际存在的问题”或“需要解决的现实问题”，不符合此处语境）
优化：So there arises the question Will electronic books replace traditional books？（指“可获得解释或回答的问题”）
原句：After a good dinner together，all the guests relaxed and became quite careless.（指“漫不经心的，粗心的”，不符合语境）
优化：After a good dinner together，all the guests relaxed and became quite familiar.（指“随便的，熟悉的”）
四、学会使用动态动词
动态动词往往比be，there be，make，need等静态动词更有活力，可以达到更好的写作效果。
如：原句：Please try our best to help this girl，help her to pass the most difficult period in life，and make her financial burden less and less.
优化：Please try our best to help this girl，help her to pass the most difficult period in life，and relieve her financial burden.
原句：Each day，we can see there are a lot of foods in the garbage cans.
优化：Each day，we can see many students dump foods in the garbage cans.
五、学会活用不同的词性
很多考生受汉语思维的影响，经常完全依据汉语的词性对译英文，导致造出来的句子十分生硬、死板。因此，考生在平时训练时一定要注意摆脱汉语思维的束缚，学会根据具体的语境活用不同的词类，这样才能写出地道生动的句子。
如：原句：After we have observed them carefully and analyzed them critically，we may identify the conceptions that will actually contribute to the social development.
优化：Through careful observation and critical analysis，we may identify the conceptions that will actually contribute to the social development.
原句：Environmental pollution will make it impossible for human beings to survive on the earth.
优化：Environmental pollution will deprive human beings of the possibilities to survive on the earth.
六、学会使用介词短语
英语中有很多介词短语都具有动词的特征，适合表达抽象的含义。学会活用这些介词短语不但可以丰富文章的用词，而且能够增强文章的表现力。另外，我们经常可以用介词短语代替从句，从而使语言表达更加简洁有力。
如：原句：His family obviously cannot afford the big sum of money for such an operation obviously.
优化：The big sum of money for such an operation is obviously beyond what his family can afford.
原句：Pirated products often cost much less than the original ones，so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price though their quality is relatively poor.
优化：Pirated products often cost much less than the original ones，so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price despite their relatively poor quality.
七、亮点词语改写练习
1.I’d like to make every effort to let more people know the idea that waste is disgraceful，and call on all my schoolmates to fight against waste.（用更动态的动词改写）
2.I’m sure you will soon find a good candidate for the position in that a few people are more suitable for it than I.（用更具体的词替换）
3.People who are good at dealing with social relations admit their mistakes，and take their share of blame.（用介词短语改写）
4.That capital punishment being abolished will benefit the harmony of the society.（用不同的词性改写）
5.If students develop the habit of waste，it will undoubtedly become a heavy burden on their parents.（用更动态的动词改写）
6.Above all，it teaches us that we shouldn’t have a strong wish to get quick results.（用更具体的短语替换）
7.We shall only follow those conceptions that will contribute to the social development.（用不同的词性改写）
8.Opponents say capital punishment does not effect murder rates，but only arouses unhealthy interest in executions.（用恰当的近义词替换）
9.If we combine all people’s knowledge，we can bring out a better solution as soon as possible.（用介词短语改写）
10.However，though celebrities are glamorous，they lead very stressful lives.（加上限定词，使表达更加客观）
11.Nuclear proliferation is always the top problem the participants have to discuss at this kind of meeting.（用恰当的近义词替换）
12.For one thing，celebrities don’t own the privacy an ordinary person has.
13.College students cannot strike a balance between study and their part-time jobs.（加上限定词，使表达更加客观）
14.The team can be helpful with my questions and problems，thus making my work efficiency become higher.（用更动态的动词改写）
参考答案
1.I’d like to make every effort to publicize the idea that waste is disgraceful，and call on all my schoolmates to fight against waste.
2.I’m sure you will soon find a well-qualified candidate for the position in that a few people are more suitable for it than I.
3.People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes，and take their share of blame.
4.The abolishment of capital punishment will benefit the harmony of the society.
5.If students develop the habit of waste，it will undoubtedly burden their parents heavily.
6.Above all，it teaches us that we shouldn’t be over-anxious for quick results.
7.We shall only follow those contributive conceptions to the social development.
8.Opponents say capital punishment does not affect murder rates，but only arouses unhealthy interest in executions.
9.With the combination of all people’s knowledge，we can bring out a better solution as soon as possible.
10.However，though to some extent celebrities are glamorous，most of them lead very stressful lives.
11.Nuclear proliferation is always the top issue the participants have to discuss at this kind of meeting.
12.For one thing，celebrities don’t have the privacy an ordinary person has.
13.College students，for the most part，cannot strike a balance between study and their part-time jobs.
14.The team can be helpful with my questions and problems，thus increasing my work efficiency.
八、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Young People Should Have Ideals.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.人，尤其是年轻人应该有理想。
2.理想对于一个人的意义。
3.我们应该如何实现自己的理想？
范文
（1）“What are you going to do when yougrow up？”When I was a child，people often asked me this question about ideal.（2）Undoubtedly，every individual，（3）especially a young person，should have an ideal.（4）Hardly can we find any great people with no ideal when they were young.
An ideal（5）is of vital importance to one’s growth and success.（6①）On the one hand，an ideal is the target of one’s life.（7）Once you decide what your ideal is，you know（8）where togo and which way to take.（6②）On the otherhand，an ideal is（9）like the engine of vehicles.（10）Only when we have our own ideals，can wefind（11）the origin of energy and enthusiasm.
（12）Whatever your ideal is，careful plan and preparation（13）is vital to its final realization.（2③）Of course，the path（14）fromwhere you are to where you want to get is not always smooth and straight.Therefore，an optimistic，positive mind is（15）indispensable in the process of your pursuing your ideal.
点评
（1）疑问句开头，新颖独特，引人注意。
（2）副词或副词短语开头，丰富了句式。
（3）意为“尤其，特别”。
（4）倒装句，否定词提前引起。
（5）“be of+n.”相当于“be+adj.”。
（6）意为“一方面，……。另一方面，……”，常用于表示列举。
（7）意为“一旦”。
（8）“疑问词+不定式”充当宾语。
（9）比喻使用恰当。
（10）倒装句，“only+状语”提前引起。
（11）意为“能量的来源”。
（12）意为“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句。
（13）意为“对……至关重要”。
（14）from…to连接的两个宾语从句的使用凸显语言功底。
（15）意为“不可或缺的”。
星期五 100个闪光短语和100个闪光句式
一、100个闪光短语
1.a/the combination of合成，组合
例：It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable.
他的风趣和政治分析相得益彰，这让他的文章脍炙人口。
2.a lifelong career/friendship/wish一生的事业/友情/愿望
例：For this type of person，the job is a lifelong career.
对于这些人来说，工作就是一生的事业。
3.accordingly于是，因此
例：There aren’t many jobs available.Accordingly，companies receive hundreds of resumes for every opening.
公司目前的职位空缺不是很多，因此，每个空缺的职位都会收到成百上千份简历。
4.account for占据
例：In addition，the population in the countryside accounts for 80%of the population and the stability of the nation depends on them.
另外，农村人口占据了总人口的80%，而且国家的稳定也取决于这些人。
5.additionally另外，此外
例：Additionally，physical exercise is an effective way to release pressure.
此外，体育锻炼是缓解压力的一种有效的方法。
6.address a problem/question/issue着手解决问题
例：It is high time we addressed the problem of campus waste.
现在该是我们着手解决校园浪费问题的时候了。
7.alleviate the problem/situation/suffering缓解问题/形势/苦难
例：We can almost always do something to alleviate the present situation.
我们几乎总是可以做些事情来缓解目前的形势。
8.along with除……以外
例：Tobacco is taxed in most countries，along with alcohol.
除酒之外，烟草在多数国家也都要征税。
9.amazing sight令人惊讶的景象
例：It is an amazing sight to see many bicyclists on Chang’an Avenue in the morning head to work.
每天早上，在长安街上可以看到很多人骑着自行车去上班，这是一幅令人惊讶的景象。
10.apply to适用
例：This saying applies to everyday life.
这个谚语适用于日常生活。
11.appropriate适当的，合适的
例：This new education system is more appropriate to the needs of the students.
这种新的教育体系更符合学生的需求。
12.as is the case with同样的情况
例：Parents are the main source of college funding，as is the case with most students.
父母是学生大学学费的主要来源，大多数学生都是这种情况。
13.as we know it像我们知道的那样
例：If there were no electricity，our world would not be able to operate as we know it.
如果没有电，世界就不会是现在的样子了。
14.at any cost无论如何，不惜任何代价
例：Because of the belief that lucky numbers can bring good luck，they will try to obtain lucky numbers for things such as a car license plate at any cost.
因为相信幸运数字能带来好运，他们会设法使用幸运数字，如在买车时会不惜一切代价买到有幸运数字的车牌。
15.at sb.’s disposal任某人处理，供某人使用
例：The library has a large number of reference books at the students’disposal.
图书馆有大量的参考书可供同学们使用。
16.attribute sth.to sth./sb.把……归因于（或归功于某事/某人）
例：The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet.
人们普通将心脏病死亡人数的下降归功于饮食方面的改善。
17.avenue渠道，办法
例：We explored every possible avenue，but still couldn’t come up with a solution.
我们寻找每一种可行的渠道，但仍然找不到解决的办法。
18.average person普通人，一般人
例：Einstein’s theory is really too difficult for the average person to understand.
爱因斯坦的理论对于普通人来说是很难理解的。
19.be informed of sth.获悉，得知
例：People are informed of products and services by advertisements on TV.
人们通过电视广告了解到了各种产品和服务。
20.be tied to被束缚着，被牵制着
例：Nowadays many people，especially young people do not like to be tied to a steady job.
现在许多人，尤其是年轻人，都不喜欢永远只做一种固定的工作。
21.belongings所属物，随身物品
例：Please take care of your belongings during your travel here as there has been much theft reported.
请在此地游览期间保管好随身物品，据报道这里已经发生好几起盗窃事件了。
22.beyond超出，越过
例：These expensive luxuries are far beyond the reach of ordinary people.
这些昂贵的奢侈品远远超出了普通人的负担能力。
23.broaden one’s horizons拓宽视野，开阔眼界
例：I’d like to work abroad to broaden my horizons.
我喜欢在国外工作，这样可以开拓我的眼界。
24.by/in contrast to/with对比之下
例：In contrast with their system，ours seems very old-fashioned.
与他们的制度相比，我们的制度显得过于守旧。
25.call for要求
例：Water shortage affects people’s lives and has led to production shortages，all of which call for immediate action.
缺水影响了人们的生活和生产，因此需要立即采取行动来解决这个问题。
26.cater to满足，迎合
例：There are magazines catering to different tastes and interests such as economics，sports，etc.
有各种杂志可以满足人们在经济、体育等不同方面的品味和兴趣。
27.common practice司空见惯的事，惯例
例：It is a common practice in the US to tip the waiter.
在美国，给服务生小费是很普遍的现象。
28.compatible和谐的，一致的
例：In my opinion，extensive and selective readings are compatible and can become a combination.
我认为广泛性阅读和选择性阅读不是相互排斥的，可以相互结合。
29.comply with服从，顺从
例：All the drivers must comply with these safety rules.
所有司机都必须遵守这些安全规则。
30.conserve节约，节省（电、水和能源等）
例：Everyone needs to make efforts to conserve water.
每个人都应该努力节约用水。
31.continuing education继续教育
例：One of the problems with continuing education lies not in learning，but in unlearning.
继续教育的问题之一不在于学习而在于忘却。
32.cut down削减，减少
例：We must cut down our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
33.despite/in spite of尽管
例：Despite its possible risks，on the whole，the advantages of trying new things outweigh its disadvantages.
尽管可能存在风险，但从整体上来说，尝试新鲜事物的利大于弊。
34.enable…to使……能够
例：Blog enables millions of people to have a voice and connect with others.
博客使数百万人能够抒发自己的情感并和其他人联系起来。
35.encompass包含，包括
例：The study encompasses the social，political，and economic aspects of the situation.
这项研究包括了社会、政治和经济几个方面的内容。
36.enrich使丰富
例：Hobbies can enrich our lives greatly as long as we are able to manage our time.
只要合理安排时间，业余爱好就会大大丰富我们的生活。
37.exposure to暴露，受到，经历
例：Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.
长期暴露在阳光下会导致皮肤癌。
38.fashion/fashionable时尚/时尚的
例：As a result，sports are becoming popular and even fashionable.
因此，运动现在越来越流行，甚至成为一种时尚。
39.fast-paced快节奏的
例：People today live a fast-paced life and are always in a hurry.
如今，人们的生活节奏很快，经常是匆匆忙忙的。
40.finance供给……经费，负担经费
例：Nowadays many students take part-time jobs to finance their education.
现在许多学生做兼职工作来负担自己的学费。
41.focus on集中精力，把重心放在……
例：Every student should focus on good study habits.
每个学生都应该集中精力培养好的学习习惯。
42.fund提供资金
例：Previously in China，a university education was funded by the government.
以前，中国大学生的学费是由国家资助的。
43.have/gain access to/be accessible to可以到达，可以使用
例：It is seen as an effective means of business communication where relevant staff have access to a computer network.
这被看做是一种有效的业务沟通方式，相关的员工都可以通过它使用同一个计算机网络。
44.have a hard time doing感到为难
例：Many people still have a hard time saying“no”.
很多人在说“不”的时候感到很为难。
45.hence因此
例：The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry.Hence factory location is an important consideration.
运输成本对于一个产业来说是一项重大的支出，因此工厂选址十分重要。
46.highlight突出，强调，重点
例：The report highlighted the problem of the old man.
该报告强调了老年人问题。
47.hold back阻止，阻碍
例：Pollution has held back seriously the further development of mankind.
污染已经严重地阻碍了人类的进一步发展。
48.impress使有印象，影响
例：Such research practices based on scientific principles impressed me.
这种在科学理论指导下的研究实践给我留下了很深的印象。
49.indeed的确，其实
例：Dieting has its disadvantages.Indeed，it has great negative effects on one’s health.
节食有其的弊端。事实上，它对一个人的健康有很大的负面影响。
50.in all walks of life各个行业，生活的各个方面
例：This is indeed an important question in all walks of life and in any country.
这的确是一个各行各业以及任何一个国家都存在的重要问题。
51.in faith的确
例：He doesn’t know the answer in faith.
他确实不知道答案。
52.in favor of支持，赞同
例：Most people are in favor of this practice.
大多人赞同这种做法。
53.in general/generally一般来说
例：Young people in general seem more prone to job-hop.
年轻人一般更容易跳槽。
54.in honor of纪念，庆祝
例：In honor of the upcoming Teachers’Day，we plan a party for our teachers.
为庆祝即将到来的教师节，我们为老师们准备了一场晚会。
55.in the light of依据，按照
例：Many old people tend to review a new thing in the light of past experience.
许多老人往往会依据过去的经验来评判一件新的事物。
56.in the long run从长远来看
例：In the long run，this plan is not in accordance with our final goal.
从长远来看，这个计划与我们的最终目标不符。
57.in vain徒劳，白费工夫
例：All our hard work turned out to be in vain.
我们所有的努力都白费了。
58.involve in卷入……中
例：No one would like to involve in this matter.
没有人愿意牵扯到这件事中。
59.link联系
例：However，there has been no medical research directly linking smoking to the lung cancer.
然而，没有医学研究证明吸烟会直接导致肺癌。
60.live through度过，经受住
例：Those that lived through the earthquake will cherish today’s happy life more.
经历过地震的那些人将更加珍惜今天的幸福生活。
61.make up for弥补
例：Elective courses can greatly make up for the inadequacy of compulsory courses.
选修课能够极大地弥补必修课的不足。
62.meanwhile同时
例：The incomes of male professionals went up by almost 80%.Meanwhile，part-time women workers saw their earnings fall.
男性专业人员的收入几乎上涨了将近80%，与此同时，兼职女性职工的收入却下降了。
63.mistrust不信任
例：The effect is a general mistrust among consumers toward sellers and the free market in general.
这样做一般会导致消费者不信任销售商和自由市场。
64.more often than not时常，往往
例：In fact，more often than not，customers were more interested in the software than the hardware.
事实上，消费者往往对软件比对硬件更感兴趣。
65.mutual相互的
例：Differences foster mutual complementation and mutual support.
差异会促进相互之间的理解和支持。
66. There is no doubt毫无疑问
例：There is no doubt that TV has greatly influenced our lives and the way we live.
毫无疑问，电视已经极大地影响了我们的生活和生活方式。
67.occasion情况，场合，时机
例：As a general rule，people like to help each other，but there are occasions when you shouldn’t hesitate to say“no”.
一般来讲，人与人是应该互相帮助的。但在有些情况下，你还是应该毫不犹豫地说“不”。
68.on account of由于
例：We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
糟糕的天气耽搁了我们出发。
69.on behalf of代表，为了
例：On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.
我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
70.on no account绝不
例：On no account should we follow blindly.
我们绝不应当盲从。
71.on second thought进一步考虑
例：You should make decisions on second thoughts.
你应该进一步考虑后再作决定。
72.on the whole总体来说
例：On the whole，young men agrees study most，least conservative thought.
总的来说，年轻人最爱学习，思想激进。
73.on the contrary相反
例：I’ve never opposed it；on the contrary，I’ve always supported it.
我从未反对它，相反，我一直支持它。
74.out of reach够不着的，负担不起的
例：Those who are not fond of traveling consider it costly and out of reach for the average person.
那些不喜欢旅游的人认为旅游费用高，一般人负担不起。
75.outweigh超过，胜过，优于
例：The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages in this case.
在这件事上，利远大于弊。
76.overwhelm/overwhelming淹没，压倒/势不可挡的，压倒性的
例：There is overwhelming evidence that smoking damages your health.
有大量的证据显示，吸烟有害健康。
77.particulars细节
例：For further particulars，contact the office.
详情请联系办事处。
78.pastime消遣，娱乐
例：Reading novels is a favorite pastime because of the vivid descriptions and plots.
读小说是打发时光的好办法，因为小说里有生动的描写和故事情节。
79.perform/performance表现
例：Good study habits are essential if one wants to perform well.
要想学习好就要养成良好的学习习惯。
80.prevalence流行
例：The prevalence of fake commodities is a problem in our society.
假货充斥市场已经成为社会的一个问题。
81.prevail流行，盛行
例：Good will prevail over evil.
善良将战胜邪恶。
82.pros and cons正反两方面
例：Weighing up the pros and cons，I am inclined to the latter opinion.
权衡利弊，我倾向于后一种观点。
83.prospect前途，前景
例：Nowadays job prospects for college students don’t look good.
现在大学毕业生的就业前景不好。
84.provided假设
例：Some believe it is a waste of time to sit for the CET-6 because they have already passed the CET-4，which entitles them to graduate with a degree provided other requirements are met.
有些学生认为考英语六级是浪费时间，因为如果其他考试都合格了，只要通过了英语四级，学校就会允许他们毕业并授予学位。
85.raise the money（raise money）筹款
例：There are several possible ways to raise the money to pay for fees and tuition.
有很多种方式可以筹款交学杂费。
86.rather than而不是，不愿
例：It is one’s ability rather than the luck that plays a crucial role in his success.
在一个人成功中起决定性作用的是一个人的能力而不是运气。
87.regardless of不管，不顾
例：Some students buy whatever they like regardless of the price.
一些学生想买什么就买什么，根本不考虑价格。
88.remain保持，仍旧是
例：However，living standards and health conditions of people in developing countries remain unsatisfactory.
然而，发展中国家人民的生活水平和健康状况仍然不能让人满意。
89.stand out突出，显眼
例：Her work stands out from the rest as easily the best.
她的工作成绩远比其他人的好。
90.set forth宣布，提出
例：He set forth their aim in a speech.
他在一次演说中提出了他们的目标。
91.set out to准备
例：Many graduating students set out to change the society around them，but ended up being changed by it.
许多学生在即将走出校门时都试图改变社会，但最终却被社会改变了。
92.strain加大难度，增加困难
例：Industrial development requires a large amount of water，which further strains this precious resource.
工业的发展需要大量的水，这就进一步加重了缺水现象。
93.the reason behind真正的原因，背后的原因，潜在的原因
例：This is the reason behind the recent rise in prices.
这就是最近物价上涨的真正原因。
94.the reverse反过来
例：The reverse is actually the case.
事实刚好相反。
95.illustrate说明
例：Here’s another example to illustrate my point.
另一个例子可以说明我的观点。
96.to summarize（in summary）总之
例：To summarize，personal preference determines if one lives in city or countryside.
总之，个人喜好决定了人们住在城市还是乡村。
97.undermine破坏，危害
例：Constant criticism will undermine one’s confidence.
经常被批评会摧毁一个人的自信。
98.vary from不同
例：Hobbies vary from person to person based on educational backgrounds，income levels and interests.
由于教育背景、收入水平和兴趣的不同，人们的爱好也因人而异。
99.well-rounded全面的，多才多艺的
例：We encourage the kids to be well-rounded.
我们鼓励孩子全面发展。
100.widen/enrich one’s knowledge扩大知识面
例：Travel allows people to learn about different cultures and widen their knowledge.
旅游可以让人们了解不同的文化，扩大知识面。
二、100个闪光句式
1.As can be indicated/is revealed/is showed in the table/graph/chart，/According to the figures given in the table，/As the survey results show，/This chart shows that/It can be seen from the statistics that…
正如图表中显示的/根据表格中给出的数据/正如调查结果显示/如图所示/从数据中我们可以看出，……
2.From…to…，there is a slight/slow/steady/rapid/dramatic/abrupt rise/increase in…
从……到……，在……方面有了轻微/缓慢/稳定/快速/显著/急剧的增长/增加。
3.During…/…later，the demand/income/price/production of…has declined/decreased/fallen/dropped rapidly/abruptly/markedly/sharply（from…to…）
在……期间/……时间以后，……的需求/收入/价格/产量已经（从……）急剧地下降（到……）。
4.The figure has nearly doubled/tripled，as against that of last year.
这个数字几乎上涨到去年的两倍/三倍。
5.The number is…times as much as that of…
数量是……的……倍。
6.By comparison with…，it increased/decreased/fell from…to…
与……相比，它从……增加/下降到……
7.According to the figures given in the table，the number of…has risen/declined dramatically in the past few years.
正如图表所示，近年来……的数量有了显著的增加/下降。
8.From the chart we can see clearly that the number of…has increased/decreased from…to…，and then to…
从图中我们可以清楚地看到，……的数量已经从……上升/下降到……，之后又（上升/下降）到……
9.An increasing number of…would rather…than…
越来越多的……宁愿……而不愿……
10.During the period between…and…，the percentage/number of…declined from…to…，while the percentage/number of…rose from…to…
在……期间，……的百分比/数量从……下降到……，而……的百分比/数量却从……上升到……
11.This table provides several important points of comparison between…
表格中显示了几个重要的对比点：……
12.There are some/two/many good reasons for…/to do…
有一些/两点/许多理由……
13.One of the main reasons for…is（that）…
……的一个主要原因是……
14.Among all these reasons/factors/causes，…plays an important role.
在所有的原因中，……起着很关键的作用/是主要的一个。
15.One may think of the trend as a result of…
人们可能会认为该趋势是由于……
16.The change in…largely results from the fact that…
……方面的变化，这在很大程度是因为……
17.There are several causes for this significant growth in…First…
有一些原因导致了在……方面的显著增长。第一，……
18.A number of factors contribute to this change.
许多因素导致这一变化。
19.…is an important/vital factor/reason for…/plays an important/vital role in…
……是导致……的一个重要原因/在……方面起到至关重要的作用。
20.An increase/decrease in…results in/leads to/produces…
在……方面的增加/减少导致了……
21.The reasons for this phenomenon may be obvious./There may be some obvious reasons for this phenomenon.
可能有几点很明显的原因导致该现象。
22.…is mainly due to the following reasons/factors.
……主要是由于以下原因/因素。
23.There are many factors deciding/influencing…
有许多因素决定/影响……
24.Effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to…
应该尽快采取有效的措施来……
25.It is an urgent thing to take effective methods to solve this problem.
当务之急是采取有效的方法解决这一问题。
26.Facing…，we should try our best to figure out the ways to change this situation.
面对……，我们应该努力想办法改变这种局面。
27.The following ways can be taken to…
可以采用下列方法来……
28.…is an effective way to…
……是一个……的有效方法。
29.By doing…，one person can…
通过……，一个人可以……
30.In order to…，…should…
为了……，……应该……
31.Taking the above-mentioned into consideration/Considering the serious effects of the problem，I think it is high time that we took effective measures/for us to take effective measures to…
鉴于以上所述/考虑到问题的严重性，我认为是采取有效的措施（做）……的时候了。
32.We must look for all immediate methods，because the present situation of…，if permitted to continue，will sure lead to/result in…
我们必须立刻寻找解决办法，因为现在的……形势如果持续下去的话，势必会导致……
33.There is no immediate solution to the problem of…，but…might be helpful/beneficial.
……问题并没有立竿见影的解决办法，但是……可能会有所帮助。
34.No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of…，but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of…might be the first step on the right way.
目前还没有任何简单的办法能够解决……问题，但是，使人们普遍认识到……的必要性/重要性或许是有效的第一步。
35.To reverse the trend is not a light task，and it requires keen consciousness of…
要扭转这一趋势并不容易，它需要对……具有敏锐意识。
36.Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matter.Some believe that…；others argue that…；（still others maintain that…）
对于这一问题，人们的看法各不相同。一些人认为……；其他人认为……（；还有一些人坚持……）。
37.Some people hold the opinion that…，while others argue that…
一些人认为……，然而其他人争辩说……
38.When it comes to…，different people offer different views.
当谈到/涉及……时，不同的人有不同的看法。
39.As to…，there is no consensus/complete agreement among people.
关于……，人们的看法不一。
40.They think quite differently on this question.
他们对这一问题的看法完全不同。
41.Opinions vary from individual to individual，from culture to culture.
不同的人，不同的文化，对这一问题的看法都不相同。
42.However，still some other people/others think differently/do not agree this/hold the opposite opinion.
然而，还有一些人持不同的观点。
43.Faced with…，quite a few people argue that…，but other people conceive differently.
面对……，相当一部分认为……，但是其他人并不认同。
44.Now it is commonly held that…，but I doubt whether…
现在人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑……是否……
45.A is to B what/as C is to D.
A之于B，就像C之于D。
46.In contrast（to）…/On the contrary…
与之形成对比的是/相反，……
47.Just as…，so…
正如……，……也一样。
48.A and B have…in common/have many common…
A和B有共同的……
49.The same is true of…/The same can be said of…
同样的情况也适用于……
50.Although it may bring unfavorable consequences，we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.
尽管这可能会带来不利的结果，但是我们可以确定这种做法从整体上来说是有利的。
51.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
A的好处明显大于B的。
52.Compared with B，A has many advantages.
和B相比，A有许多优点/能带来许多好处。
53.The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
利大于弊。
54.Although A enjoys considerable advantage over…，it cannot compete with B in…
尽管A在……方面有相当大的优势，但它在……方面不能和B相比。
55.Contrary to widely accepted views，I believe that…
与普遍接受的观点相反，我认为……
56.It is one thing to…，it is quite another to…
……是一回事，但……就是另外一回事了。
57.…have drawbacks as well as merits.
……既有缺点也有优点。
58.A is superior/inferior to B（in…）
A（在……方面）优于/劣于B。
59.A is just the opposite of B.
A恰恰与B相反。
60.A differs from B in that…
A不同于B的是……
61.A is not the same as B.
A不同于B。
62.There is a general discussion today about the issue of…/Currently there is a widespread concern on…
现在对于……存在广泛的讨论/关注。
63.Now people in growing number are coming to realize/More and more people are realizing/have come to realize…
现在越来越多的人逐渐/已经开始意识到……
64.Recently/In recent years，the phenomenon/issue/problem of…has been brought into focus/aroused public attention/become a heated topic/been in the limelight.
近年来，……现象/问题成为公众关注的焦点。
65.With（the steady/rapid/amazing development of）…，people begin to…/there arises a heated debate as to…
随着……（的稳定/快速/惊人的发展），人们开始……。/出现了对……的热烈讨论。
66.Nowadays，our society is witnessing more and more…
目前，社会上有越来越多的……
67.In the past/last/recent…years，there has been a sharp increase/decrease in…/…has experienced an alarming rise/decline（in…）.According to an official report/survey/poll…
在过去的……年中，在……方面有了急剧的增长/下降。根据一项官方报告/调查/民意测验，……
68.Until recently/For years，…has/have been regarded/viewed as…But some people are taking a fresh look at it.
直到最近/许多年来，……一直被认为是……。但是现在一些人对它有了新的认识。
69.Most people used to…/In the past，…But many people don’t share this view any more now.
大多数人过去……/过去……，但是现在许多人不再这样认为。
70.It is a tradition/common practice/traditional way（to…）.But now/in recent decades things have changed.
……是一个传统/惯例/传统的方式。但是现在/近几十年来，情况已经发生了变化。
71.Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to…Some people…while others may…
现在对于……人们（的看法或做法）并不一致。一些人……，然而其他人可能……
72.When asked…，a great majority of people/most people…But I think quite differently.
当被问及……时，大多数人会……。但是我有不同的看法。
73.When it comes to…/When faced with/In the face of…，quite a few people claim that…，while other people argue…
当谈到/面对……时，相当一部分人认为……，然而也有一些人认为……
74.Now，it is commonly/generally/widely believed/acknowledged/accepted that…
现在，人们普遍认为/承认/接受……
75.Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to…/Now people are becoming increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of…
现在人们越来越意识到……的必要性/重要性。
76.…，which has been generally accepted.The truth of it is deep and profound/self-evident.
……一直被人们普遍接受。其中的道理是深远的/明显的。
77.Should/What…？Opinions on/Attitudes towards/Answers to the question vary from person to person.……？对于这个问题的看法/态度/回答因人而异。
78.“Why do/have…？”Many people often ask/pose the question like this.
“为什么……？”许多人经常问/提出这样的问题。
79.There is an old/popular saying/proverb which goes that…The truth of it is profound and significant./Under its simplified cover，a truth is ironically pointed out，that is，…
有一句古老/流行的谚语说：“……”。其中的道理意义深远。/简单的话语中蕴含着具有讽刺意味的事实，那就是……
80.One great…had ever said/once remarked，“…”Now it still has a realistic/profound significance./It is still working in our modern society./The remark is still confirmed by people in today’s society.
一位伟大的……曾经说过：“……”现在这句话仍然具有现实/深远的意义。/在现代社会这个道理仍然适用。/在今天的社会中仍然有许多人相信这一点。
81.From the above-mentioned/what has been discussed above，/Judging from all evidence offered，we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that…
综上所述，我们可以合理地得出结论：……
82.Taking into account/Considering all these factors/In view of the above-mentioned facts，we should…
考虑到这些因素/鉴于以上事实，我们应该……
83.It is no doubt/denying that/There is little/no doubt/denying that（considerable attention must be paid to）…
毫无疑问，（我们必须多加关注）……
84.It is，therefore，obvious/evident that…require immediate attention.
因此，很显然……需要立刻引起注意。
85.It is high time/It is an urgent thing that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on…
当务之急是重点关注……
86.In a word，it takes our common efforts/is everyone’s responsibility to…
总之，……需要我们共同的努力/是我们每一个人的责任。
87.Only in this way/through these ways/when all measures go into action can the problem of…be solved in near future…/can we…
只有这样/所有的措施付诸行动的时候，问题才能够在不久的将来得以解决。/我们才能……
88.Therefore，think it over and make full preparation before you decide to…/we should take a full account before we make our decisions.
因此，在决定……之前要考虑周全并做好充分的准备/我们应该仔细考虑之后再作决定。
89.Given the factors that I have just outlined，it is wise to support the statement that…
鉴于我刚才提到的因素，支持……观点是明智的。
90.All the available/striking evidence goes to show that…/points to the fact that…
一切现有的/有力的证据表明，……
91.All the evidence/analysis supports/confirms an unmistakable/unshakable conclusion/a sound view that…
所有证据/分析都证实了一个不可动摇的结论/合理的观点：
92.The conclusion is self-evident.…
结论不言而喻。……
93.Weighing up these two arguments/Taking into account all these factors，I am for…/I prefer…
权衡这两种观点/考虑到这些因素，我支持/宁愿……
94.Weighing the pros and cons of…，we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that…
权衡……的利弊，我们可以自然地得出这样的结论：……
95.Clearly/Obviously/No doubt，if we cannot…/if we ignore/are blind to…，it is very likely that…
显然，如果我们不能/如果我们忽视……，很可能……
96.Any person/nation/society who/which ignores/is blind to/fails to…would pay a heavy price.
任何忽视/没能……的人/民族/社会，都将付出沉重的代价。
97.If we work on…from now on，in foreseeable future，we will not be cursed/overwhelmed by the same dilemma/problem.
如果我们从现在开始努力……，那么在不久的将来，我们将不会再为相同的难题所困扰。
98.If we can solve the problem with no efforts spared，human beings will not be caught/stuck in the same conditions.
如果我们能够不遗余力地解决这一问题，人类将不会再陷入相同的困境。
99.Following these methods may not guarantee the success in…，but the pay-off will be worth the sweat we shed.
这些办法或许无法保证成功地……，但这种努力是值得的。
100.It is essential/necessary/important/imperative that effective/quick/proper measures/actions/steps should be taken to…
采取有效/快速/适当的方法/行动/措施来……是必要的。
三、每日佳作赏析
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet and privacy.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese
1.网络几乎已经渗透到方方面面，包括个人隐私。
2.网络会对个人隐私产生哪些影响？
3.应该如何保障网络上的个人隐私？
范文
Internet has（1）penetrated into all the aspects of our life and work.（2①）We can study and work by it；we can find a job by it；（2②）wecan communicate by it；（2③）we can entertain by it；（2④）we can buy and sell by it.We can do almost everything on the Internet，（3）almostanywhere anytime.
（4）However，while providing services for us，Internet is（5）inevitably invading our privacy（6）to some degree.The services on most websites require our registration.If we want to enjoy these services，we have to provide much private information，（7）including our name，gender，address，telephone number and sometimes bank account number.（8）Due to（9）the pooradministration and weak security，our information might be open，stolen or sold on the Internet.（10）Even sometimes the information will be（11）misused by the criminals.
（12）Considering the above-mentioned，we must（13）enhance the alertness（14）when using the Internet.First，when we need Internet service，we should try to log on those big legal websites.Second，if the service requires important private information，you should（15）think twice before you type it in.
点评
（1）意为“渗透进”。
（2）排比句，结构相同，增强气势。
（3）注意两个副词的使用。
（4）意为“然而，与此同时”，转折引出网络的弊端。
（5）意为“不可避免地”。
（6）意为“在某种程度上”，限定词的使用使表达更加严谨。
（7）现在分词短语充当后置定语。
（8）意为“由于，因为”。
（9）学会使用抽象名词。
（10）表示递进，条理清晰。
（11）意为“滥用”。
（12）意为“鉴于以上论述”。
（13）意为“提高警惕性”。
（14）现在分词短语，使表达更加简洁。
（15）意为“三思而后行”。
星期六 一周复习效果检验
Test 1
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why many people like to buy lotteries.You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 2
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay discussing The Impact of E-mails on Impersonal Communication.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 3
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss how to solve the conflict between parental hopes and personal ideals.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 4
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Post-holiday Syndrome among Students.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss how todeal with post-holidaysyndrome.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 5
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is necessary to try new things.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 6
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to think traditional virtues are out of date.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 7
Directions For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether China should loosen its one-child policy.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Test 8
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Confront a Disaster.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文
Test 1
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述当前社会上人们热衷于购买彩票的现象；第二段说明导致人们购买彩票的原因；第三段针对购买彩票提出几点“我”的建议。
Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries？
Nowadays，there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society，such as welfare lottery，sports lottery，computer lottery，and so forth.Anyone，whether men or women，the old or the young，may buy lottery tickets.But why do quite a few people like buying them？
The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries.First of all，most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets.They have a long-cherished dream of making big money over night.In addition，there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets.Besides，some people buy them just for fun.
As far as I am concerned，there are some risks in buying lotteries.People should never count on making big money by buying lotteries.Furthermore， lotteries to some extent are similar to gambling，so people should not spend too much money on them.In a word，people should keep a clear head when buying lotteries.
Test 2
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段由电子邮件的流行引出其对人际关系的影响；第二段对比阐述电子邮件对人际关系正反两方面的影响；第三段总结“我”的看法。
The Impact of E-mails on Impersonal Communication
Nowadays more and more people are using e-mails to exchange information instead of traditional way of mailing letters.The popularity of e-mails produces great impact on impersonal communication.
It is no doubt that E-mails provides great convenience for exchanging information，especially in the work.E-mails make communication quicker and easier than before.Moreover，by e-mail we can deliver more information including pictures and sounds in a more vivid way.However，e-mails has some disadvantages.With the same format and the print font，e-mails includes less emotion than traditional letters written by hand.Most of people use e-mails to deliver just information without feelings.
From my point of view，e-mails do bring great convenience for us，but it is not such a good way to express our feeling as traditional letters.In my eyes，handwriting and letter paper can deliver many feelings.Therefore，you might as well write a letter by hand when you want to express your love and care.
Test 3
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述父母的期望和孩子的理想之间的矛盾；第二段说明产生这种矛盾的主要原因；第三段说明解决这一矛盾的办法。
How to Solve the Conflict between Parental Hopes and Personal Ideals
From the picture，we see a scene of filling in the application for college，where a child is struggling for the pen with his father.Obviously，the child wants to fill in the application as he wishes.The picture show vividly the conflict between parents’hopes and children’s personal ideals.
But what has led to the conflict？First of all，in this fast-changing society，parents and children have too many differences in mind.Secondly，traditional patriarchy is still influencing Chinese parents.They are used to making decisions for their children.Third，nowadays young people have strong independence，who want to plan their own future.
In order to solve the conflict，both parents and children should pay their efforts.For one thing，parents should give their children rights to make their own decisions.They may help their children make choices instead of replacing them to make choices.For another，children should learn to respect their parents’advices.As long as both parents and children learn to think from the other side’s point of view，the conflicts between them can be avoided.
Test 4
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述学生的假期综合征现象；第二段说明导致这一现象的原因；第三段针对如何解决假期综合征提出你的建议。
Post-holiday Syndrome among Students
From the picture，we can see a student feels very depressed about returning to campus life after a holiday of playing games，sleeping late and surfing the Internet.The picture mirrors vividly a kind of phenomenon among students called post- holiday syndrome.
The appearance of post-holiday syndrome can largely be attributed to unhealthy lifestyles during the holiday.Many students overindulge in eating and playing during the holiday.They don’t follow the routine schedule at school，many of whom stay up late and get up late.Even some students are addicted to computer games all day and night.So they feel many discomforts when the new term begins.
I have some suggestions on how to deal with this syndrome.First，try to choose more healthy and meaningful ways of relaxing during holidays，such as doing some exercises and reading novels.Besides，it might be an effective way to return to the campus or the school routine schedule a few days earlier before the new semester starts.You will have time to adjust your lifestyle to campus life.
Test 5
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇论证观点类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段提出论点“有时候我们需要尝试新鲜事物”；第二段阐述尝试新鲜事物的好处，论证观点的正确性；第三段重申尝试新鲜事物的必要性，总结全文。
Advantages of Trying New Things
It is widely accepted that one is more likely to succeed at things he already knows how to do well.However，to limit ourselves to doing only those things will make us miss many opportunities to develop other interests and skills.Therefore，sometimes it is necessary for us to try some new things.
Despite the risk of failure in trying new things，we can benefit from it.Firstly，the process is a rewarding experience，from which we may feel a different world.Secondly，even if we fail，we can still absorb experience and lessons；if it turns out that we succeed，we’ll get great pleasure and confidence.Finally，it is impossible for us to never fail even if we do only what we are familiar with.With experience of trying new things，we can deal with the unexpected situations better.
Considering the above-mentioned，we needn’t be afraid of trying new things.But it is worth noting that trying new things bravely does not mean acting rashly and blindly.We should take full account before our trying new things.
Test 6
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述人们传统价值观的变化，引出一些人认为传统美德已经过时的错误看法并说明理由；第二段表明“我”认为传统美德没有过时，并说明理由；第三段再次强调传统美德的重要意义。
Are Traditional Virtues Out of Date？
With the development of our society，people’s traditional values have changed a lot.Many people are inclined to seek after high-quality life and high economic profits.Under the influence of these changes，some people come to the conclusion that traditional virtues，like thrift and honesty，are out of date，to which I could give my consent.
Though some of traditional virtues are meeting greater challenge than before，most people，as the mainstream of our society，still go after these time-honored traditional virtues.In their eyes，high quality life doesn’t mean waste.Whether in the past，at present or in the future，thrift is everyone’s responsibility.In addition，without honesty，our society and economy will fall into disorder；without mutual help，human society will stop developing soon.
Considering the above-mentioned，I think，traditional virtues remain indispensable elements in the Chinese character in modern society.Therefore，we must strengthen education on traditional virtues.It is only if the whole nation is aware of their eternal value that traditional virtues are likely to take root firmly in our nation’s spirits.
Test 7
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段指出目前对我国放宽独生子女政策存在的争议；第二段为对比论证争议双方各自的理由；第三段表明“我”对这一问题的看法，并说明理由。
Should China Loosen Its One-child Policy？
Nowadays，whether China should loosen its one-child policy has aroused a heated debate.Some people are in favor of the new policy that if both of the couple are the only child in the family，they can give birth to a second child.However，others take an opposite view.
People who take the former opinion point out that the problems of aging population and the decline of working force will become more serious if China stick to the one-child policy.They argue that loosening the one-child policy can help promote rational growth of population.Yet，people who are for the latter opinion firmly believe that the huge population of china will cause the shortage of natural resources and the excessive population.
In my opinion，it is advisable for China to loosen its one-child policy，because it makes the policy more humane.All in all，the government should handle this problem flexibly.
Test 8
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述目前自然灾害发生的现状和主要危害；第二段说明导致自然灾害增多的原因；第三段说明应该如何预防和应对自然灾害。
How to Confront a Disaster
Natural disasters，like earthquake，tsunami and hurricane，often come unexpectedly.In recent years，there have happened frequently some natural disasters in the world，like China earthquake，the Indonesian tsunami.These disasters killed millions of people，destroyed countless homes and fertile land.
But what on earth leads to these natural disasters？Of course，natural variation plays a very important role.However，more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.We have cut down too many trees.We have badly polluted the environment.As a result，nature goes up to revenge itself on us.
Considering the great destruction of natural disasters，it is urgent for us to do our best to protect our environment so as to prevent the natural disasters.Besides， when natural disasters really happen，firstly，we must keep a clear head and try to save ourselves and help others；secondly，we must unite together and have a firm belief to get through disasters.Only in this way can we conquer disasters.
第六周 预测作文热点，进行实战演练
一、热点演练30篇
本周给出最新热点预测30篇，一方面进一步熟悉前面所讲的内容，另一方面对最新命题热点有一个全面把握，最终，实现在考场之上游刃有余。
热点演练1
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of online games addiction and then explain what you think of online games.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练2
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Teenagers’Studying Abroad based on the statistics provided in the chart below.Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练3
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the prevalence of fake news reports and then explain why there are so many fake news reports and how to prevent them.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练4
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the phenomenon of many young people being addicted to killing time indoors and then explain why they like to kill time indoors and the consequences of staying indoors for too long time.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练5
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the phenomenon of high expenditure of college students and then explain what leads to this phenomenon.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练6
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the cartoon below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of smartphones and then explain the consequences of overusing them.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练7
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of BBS.Give your brief description of BBS and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练8
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Cyber Crimes.Give your brief description of the problem of Cyber crimes and then make comments on how to deal with it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练9
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Success and Luck by commenting on famous proverb“Man Proposes，God Disposes”.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练10
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Boom in Continuing Education based on the statistics provided in the graph below.Please give a brief description of the graph first and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练11
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Goal Setting Is Important by commenting on John Ruskin’s famous remark，“Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.”You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练12
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss how to make our air cleaner.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练13
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether universities should lower admission requirements for celebrities.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练14
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing Craze in famous brands on campus.You should explain what has led to this phenomenon and make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练15
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a teacher of yours who has influenced you most.You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练16
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether traditional newspapers will be replaced by electronic newspapers.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练17
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Don’t Neglect the Elder Generation.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练18
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay explaining how to build a harmonious dormitory life.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练19
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is good for college graduates to start at the bottom.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练20
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing work-study programs for college students.You should explain main purposes of students’taking part in the programs and make comments on this phenomenon.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练21
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing the popularity ofworking at home.You should explain its advantages and disadvantages and then give your opinions.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练22
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether a university professor should focus on scientific research.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练23
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing the advantages of social practice for college students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练24
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is necessary to strength sex education on college students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练25
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing whether a white lie is acceptable.You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练26
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing the craze for the test for national civil servants.You should explain main reasons for the craze and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练27
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the impact of electronic products on young parents.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练28
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing the phenomenon of reserving a seat on campus.You should explain the possible effects of this phenomenon and make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练29
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay discussing light projects in cities.You should explain their advantages and disadvantages and then make comments on them.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
热点演练30
Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Use a Machine to Make Him Breathe？Give your opinions and reasons.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
二、热点演练参考范文
热点演练1
框架搭建：由图画和提示内容可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画指出父母对待网络游戏的否定态度并简单说明理由；第二段指出一些人对待网络游戏的肯定态度并简单说明理由；第三段阐述“我”对网络游戏的看法并说明理由。
Online Games
The picture vividly reveals the parents’worrying about the fact that their children are addicted to online games.Parents tend to think online games do nothing but be harmful to the students.In their opinions，as long as a student begins to play online games，his academic performance must become worse.Besides，they say that sitting before the computer screen for a long time will bring negative effects on the health of young people.
However，there are many others who argue that online games are not always harmful.They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly.Moreover，they can stimulate their imagination and interest in computer science.More importantly，it does bring young students much pleasure.
From my point of view，it depends on how we use it whether an online game is harmful or beneficial.It will be a wonderful entertainment if we play it in a clever way.We young people should have enough self-control ability.Besides，parents and teachers should give students necessary instructions on how to take advantage of online games.
热点演练2
框架搭建：由标题和图表内容可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段指出人们对青少年出国留学现象的不同看法，继而表明“我”的态度；第二段先指出青少年出国留学有一定好处，然后转折表明“我”的相反观点；第三段陈述理由论证“我”的观点的正确性。
Teenagers’Studying Abroad
From the above chart，we can see clearly that there is a rapid increase in the number of teenagers studying abroad from 2000 to 2008.Some people think it will certainly do good to the children，while others insist it may not be a good choice.As for me，I prefer to the latter opinion.
Of course，some children might benefit from studying abroad.For example，the independent life might make them learn confidence and perseverance.But it doesn’t mean that it is a right thing to send a teenager to study abroad.From my point of view，it has a great risk to do this.
The following reasons can support my argument.First，the quality of overseas education is not necessary higher than that of our education.Indeed，some foreign schools aim at earning money.Second，early independent life may be harmful to the child，if he cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents.To conclude，I think it is necessary for young students to make a careful consideration before going abroad.
热点演练3
框架搭建：由图画和提示内容可知，本文应为一篇问题分析类作文，其基本段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前社会上虚假新闻盛行的问题；第二段分析导致虚假新闻盛行的主要原因；第三段针对如何减少虚假新闻谈谈“我”的看法和建议。
Fake News Reports
It’s not uncommon that some journalists or troublemakers make up fake or misleading stories about celebrities，illnesses，crimes，etc.Just as we see in the picture，the man is faking up a news report about the death of the famous businessman Bill Gates.It is not difficult to imagine how bad influence it will bring when the news is spread via the Internet.
Many people might ask what has led to the prevalence of fake stories in modern society？More often than not，some journalists create misleading news in order to draw public attention so as to make themselves more popular or to win certain prizes.In addition，some people who are anxious to see the world in disorder want to fool the public and revenge the society by making up fake news.Besides，the development of the Internet propels the spreading of fake news.
Now，it’s high time for China’s journalism supervisory bodies to take measures to prevent all possible fake news.For instance，those who are found to manipulate news should be severely punished and those journalists could be banned from news writing.
热点演练4
框架搭建：由图画和提示内容可知，本文应为一篇现象解释类作文，其基本段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前年轻人喜欢“宅”在家里的现象；第二段解释为什么年轻人喜欢“宅”在家里；第三段阐述长时间“宅”在家里的不良后果并给出“我”的建议。
Killing Time Indoors
Nowadays a growing number of people，especially the 20s or 30s like the young man in the picture，are addicted to killing their spare time indoors.They spend lots of time online chatting，blogging，shopping，dating or playing computer games.They sit with their eyes glued to the television screen or the comics，day and night.They even never go out for meals and only have take-out food.
Why are so many young persons keen on staying at home？The development of the Internet might be the greatest incentive.Young persons can enjoy various information，games and entertainment ways without getting out.Besides，many people believe that staying indoors is cheap，comfortable，and most importantly，very safe.
Personally，I don’t think staying indoors for too long time should be advocated，especially for young persons.Lack of physical exercise and face-to-face communication with others will do harm to people’s body and mind.In my opinion，people in all ages should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors to enjoy the sunshine，the green space，and interact with other people.
热点演练5
框架搭建：由图画和指示内容可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画概述大学生花钱没有节制的现象；第二段说明造成大学生这种消费习惯的原因；第三段谈谈“我”对这种消费习惯的看法并给出相关建议。
High Expenditure of College Students
As is vividly depicted in the picture，many college students spend money like water and have no concept of thrift in their mind.They buy whatever they like without considering the price and their parents’financial ability.
There are three main reasons behind this phenomenon.Firstly，some parents and grandparents spoil children so much that they think their spending money as they wish should get little cause for criticism.Secondly，with the improvement of living standard，parents can afford higher expenditure of their children.Finally，various fashionable goods have great attraction to young students.To buy them certainly needs more money.
From my point of view，it is unhealthy for us college students to have this kind of spending habit.Whether the financial condition of our family allows our extravagant spending or not，we should limit our expenditure on daily necessities.Learning to be thrifty can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development.
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框架搭建：由图画和提示内容可知，本文应为一篇现象解释类作文。根据题目要求，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前智能手机的流行情况；第二段结合图画说明过分使用智能手机带来的负面影响；第三段阐述“我”是如何看待智能手机的，并针对智能手机的使用提出“我”的建议。
The Increasing Use of Smartphones
These days the smartphone has been gaining great popularity.Everyday people spend a lot time taking pictures，uploading their friend circles in We Chat and their micro blogs by their phones.It can be seen everywhere that people bend their heads and use their fingers to prick the keys of the phones.
More and more people have become dependent on this little gadget.We often can see smartphone addicts attend to their phones，ignoring everything.When touring，they are busy taking photos and updating micro blogs but ignore the scenery.When meeting with friends，they are busy playing the phones with little communication with friends.Some even fail to take proper actions in case of emergency，just as the crowd in the cartoon do.Their only goal seems to be attracting as much attention online as possible.
As far as I am concerned，the invention of the smartphone is a gift for us and also a curse.It has brought much convenience and fun，but we should try to avoid being too much dependent on it.
热点演练7
框架搭建：由标题和提纲所列内容可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述BBS在大学生中广泛流行的情况；第二段说明大学生喜欢BBS的原因；第三段谈谈“我”对BBS的看法。
The Popularity of BBS
BBS，whose full name is Bulletin Board Service，is gaining its wide popularity among college students.Nowadays，almost every university has its own BBS.And everyday many students visit it，by which they make comments and communicate with one another.
The popularity of BBS is mainly due to the following reasons.Firstly，BBS is an open space and provides a free communication platform，by which students can express themselves at will.Secondly，there is a variety of information on BBS，from which students can find whatever they need.Thirdly，BBS provides students more chance to know one another.They can make more friends with common interests and hobbies.
In my view，our college students can benefit a lot from BBS.We not only gain much fun but also much useful information.However，it is worth noting that as BBS is an open space，there is inevitably the issue of information chaos.Therefore，we must strengthen our critical ability to evaluate the BBS information.
热点演练8
框架搭建：由标题和提纲所列内容可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状；第二段指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫性，说明解决办法；第三段从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。
Cyber Crimes
With the popularization of Internet，cyber crimes have become a serious problem.Cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on Internet.For example，some commit fraud，lift intellectual property，snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce by illegal way.
These crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes.On one hand，we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly and develop high techniques to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes.On the other hand，more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up.
As a college student，we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes.Above all，we should obtain necessary knowledge about the prevention of cyber crimes.Besides，we should be honest to others on Internet and not release or spread unreal information.In a word，it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.
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框架搭建：由标题和提纲所列内容可知，本文应为一篇论证观点类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段解释“谋事在人，成事在天”的含义，阐述其中蕴含的道理；第二段举例论证该道理；第三段重申该谚语的正确性，呼应第一段。
Man Proposes，God Disposes
There is a widespread proverb，“Man proposes，God disposes”，which means that the planning lies with man，the outcome with Heaven.This proverb reflects a relation between success and luck，that is，we should always work hard in order to achieve our goal，though sometimes we may meet unexpected things.
Let me take English study for example.A student spends much time and energy on English，and he has good study habits.He is supposed to receive good grades in the examination.But suppose something unexpected，like illness，occurs，and his final score is far from ideal.Should he lose heart and become pessimistic？Of course not.What he should do is just keep it up，and next time luck will most probably favor him.
From my point of view，luck does influence or even dominate us sometimes，but in any case we are the master of our own fortune.It is up to ourselves whether we want to go ahead or backward.As long as you insist working hard，your effort will pay in the long run.
热点演练10
框架搭建：由图表内容题目要求可知，本文应为一篇图表阐释类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段根据图表中的数据描述1990～2008年继续教育参加人数的增加情况；第二段说明参加继续教育的人数增加的原因；第三段谈谈“我”对继续教育的看法。
A Boom in Continuing Education
From the graph，we can learn the number of participants of continuing education has kept increasing from 1998 to 2008 in X city.In 1998 there were only 20 thousand people taking part in continuing education，but by 2007，it has reached 660 thousand.It can be seen easily that continuing education is gaining its more and more popularity.
The following reasons are responsible for this boom in continuing education.Firstly，during the work many people begin to realize what they have learned in schools is far from enough.So they turn to continuing education.Moreover，as the science and technology in China are developing very fast，adults after graduation have to refresh themselves.In addition，in modern society，those without bachelor’s degree or above are less competitive.
As far as I am concerned，the boom in continuing education is a necessity.It provides those on-job people with chances to get advanced degrees and gain more knowledge.As our society is developing，more and more people will receive continuing education in the future.
热点演练11
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇道理阐释类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段提出论点，解释所给哲言蕴含的道理：目标设定的重要性；第二段给出论据阐述并论证道理；第三段结合实际进一步强调目标设定的重要性。
Goal Setting Is Important
“Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.”This is a famous remark of John Rukin，one of the greatest British writers.The saying contains a very important philosophical wisdom.It tells us that goal setting is extremely important in our work and life.
Above all，goal setting provides you with direction and purpose.When you have goals，you know what you want to achieve so that you can focus on those things favorable to the realization of the goals and avoid getting distracted easily.Moreover，to set a goal according to your personal practical situation can help you know yourself better and find a way to success by overcoming your weak points and developing our strong points.Besides，a goal you want to achieve will undoubtedly provide you with motivation to work hard.
Goal setting is of great significance for today’s students.It will help them reduce blindness of learning and plan their study more rationally and efficiently.But it is worth noting that we should set reasonable goals and avoid achieving something beyond our grasp.
热点演练12
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述目前的污染问题；第二段说明如何解决污染问题；第三段总结全文，呼吁共同行动。
How to Make Our Air Cleaner
From the picture above，we can see that all the“buildings”are coughing painfully in the dirty air and the sky is dark.The picture illustrates vividly how serious today’s air pollution is.
Considering its harm to our health，it is high time for us to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.On the one hand，the government should implement stricter laws and regulations on pollution.Those industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined.On the other hand，we should try to have a low-carbon lifestyle，such as taking public transportation instead of driving a car to reduce harmful emissions.
The protection of the environment is undoubtedly a long-term，arduous task.It needs every citizen’s efforts to create a good environment with cleaner air and brighter sky.Your small change of behaviours might bring great help to the environment.
热点演练13
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述近年来名牌大学降低标准招收名人学生的现象；第二段指出关于该现象的两种不同观点并说明各自的理由；第三段表明“我”的看法并说明理由。
Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities？
In recent years，many famous universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.More and more celebrities，especially sports stars，have been admitted to famous universities even without an entry examination.This phenomenon has become a topic of widespread controversy.
Some people object to it strongly.They hold that this admission pattern does not comply with the basic fairness rule of education.And if a person who has no enough academic ability is admitted to the university，it will be an insult on college education.However，still other people think it acceptable.They say that these celebrities deserve this privilege because they have proved their abilities in their field.
Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer the latter one.In my opinion，these celebrities have sacrificed much learning time for their work，so they should be provided a better chance for learning.Besides，if celebrities accept advanced education，they could serve the society better.Therefore，I suggest that people should pay more attention to these celebrities’efforts and contributions rather than the special treatment they enjoy.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述大学生热衷名牌的现象；第二段说明导致大学生热衷名牌的原因；第三段谈谈“我”对大学生追求名牌的看法并给出相关建议。
Craze in Famous Brands on Campus
In recent years there has been a craze in famous brands among college students.On campus we can see many students dressing in famous brands from head to toe.It is worth more attention that even some students from poor families also begin to join in the army following famous brands.
College students’preference for famous brands is caused mainly by the following factors.Above all，in many college students’eyes，a famous brand is a symbol of identity and position.They believe it can show their good taste.What’s more，in modern society，famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion，which has a great attraction to young college students.Besides，parents’spoiling their children helps form their unhealthy consumption habit.
As far as I am concerned，it is irrational for our college students to be crazy about buying famous brands.After all，we have no income source.It is shameful to use our parents’money to satisfy our vanity.Therefore，I suggest that we should follow the consumption principle of being practical and thrifty.
热点演练15
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇叙事分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段交代背景，引出“我”对老师的记忆；第二段说明为什么这位老师给“我”影响最深；第三段强调老师对“我”的影响，总结全文。
A Teacher of Mine Who Has Influenced Me Most
During my education，I have met many good teachers who have given me a lot of help and instruction.Among them，Mr.Li is certainly the one who has influenced me most.He was the class adviser in my high school who also taught us maths.
Mr.Li has benefited me not only in my study but also in my attitude towards life.For one thing，he is the most humorous and witty teacher I have met.His maths classes not only inspired my interest in maths but also led me to find a way of my own of studying maths well.For another，Mr.Li has taught me a lot of truths of life.I was once addicted to online games.At that time，falling grades and parents’scolding made me feel depressed and lose the goal of life.It was Mr.Li’s care and instruction that helped me out of the difficult position.
The best teachers teach from the heart，not from the book.Mr.Li is undoubtedly an outstanding teacher who has devoted his heart and soul to teaching career.
热点演练16
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述目前电子报纸的流行，引出争议的话题——传统报纸是否会被电子报纸所取代；第二段分别阐述两种不同的观点及理由；第三段表明“我”的看法并说明理由。
Will Traditional Newspapers Be Replaced by Electronic Newspapers？
With the popularization of Internet，there are an increasing number of electronic newspapers for people to read in daily life.Instead of reading traditional newspapers，many people develop the habit of browsing news on Internet everyday.So some people propose such a question Will traditional newspapers be replaced by electronic newspapers？
Quite a few people’s answer is yes.They say electronic newspapers have many advantages over traditional newspapers.For example，they can be updated instantly.Moreover，they can provide more lively news.However，still many other people hold the opposite.They think traditional newspapers are easier to read and can leave people a warm feeling，which the computer can’t give.
Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer the former one.For one thing， electronic newspapers have all the functions of traditional newspapers，so traditional newspapers lose the necessity of continuing its existence.For another，electronic newspapers make people enjoy quicker，more detailed and more colorful news.Therefore，I think it is a trend that traditional newspapers will be replaced by electronic newspapers.
热点演练17
框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述图画反映的现象：人们都在关心下一代而忽略了老人；第二段说明这一现象的主要表现；第三段对该现象做出评论。
Don’t Neglect the Elder Generation
From the picture，we can see the department of nutritional products for children is surrounded by a crowd of parents，making its saleswoman extremely busy.In contrast，the neighboring department of nutritional products for the elderly does not attract any customer.Its saleswoman is so boring that she falls asleep.The picture reflects a phenomenon that people tend to care more for the next generation than the elder one.
Compared with the past，today’s young parents have the ability to provide their children with a higher quality life.They spend their most time and money on their children.However，these young couples fail to give their old parents enough care either in material or in emotion，and some of them even depend on the elderly’s support in all aspects.
From my point of view，this phenomenon is very distressing and irritating.Caring and honoring the elderly has been regarded as a Chinese traditional virtue for over two thousand years.At no times should the duties to old parents be neglected by young people，no matter what excuses they have.Young people should try to set a good example for the next generation by giving enough care to their old parents.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段阐述和谐宿舍生活的重要性，指出一些不和谐现象的表现；第二段说明应该如何创造和谐的宿舍生活；第三段重申和谐宿舍生活的重要性，强调保持和谐需要大家的共同努力。
How to Build a Harmonious Dormitory Life？
A harmonious dormitory life is very important to college students.With harmony，we can concentrate on our study and thus can enjoy our college life fully.But sometimes the harmony will be disturbed.For example，some students do not pay much attention to health，which affects the overall environment in the dormitory.What’s worse，some members listen to music or chat very late，which influence others’study and rest.
Then how should our college students build a harmonious dormitory life？Firstly，we have to get rid of our healthy living habits since the dormitory is a public place.Secondly，we should learn to be tolerant and consider more for others so as to avoid quarrels.Finally，more communication plays an important role in solving the problems and discrimination.
To conclude，it needs every member’s effort to maintain a harmonious dormitory life.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述用人单位要求大学生求职者能够接受从基层工作干起这种现象；第二段分析这种做法的好处；第三段谈谈“我”对这种现象的看法。
The Advantages of Starting at the Bottom
In recent years，many employers require that college graduates have to be willing to start at the bottom and work up to the top.Some students might think it to be a waste of their talents.However，this kind of requirement is for both the employers’and the college graduates’sake.
Above all，college graduates，who are used to considering themselves as God’s favored ones，tend to overestimate their ability and ask for a higher pay than those who have no college diploma.However，they seldom have any practical experience.In addition，new graduates often find it hard to deal with the working environment unfamiliar to them.They are in great need of starting their career from the bottom of a company and learn how to cooperate with their colleagues and the superior.
Considering the above-mentioned，we can conclude that it is necessary for college graduates to start at the bottom.But it is worth noting that we should set a right target，or else we might stop at the bottom forever.
热点演练20
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述大学校园内的勤工俭学现象；第二段说明学生选择勤工俭学的不同原因；第三段谈谈“我”的看法。
Work-study Programs
Many college students choose to take part in work-study programs in their spare time.Some of them choose to be a tutor or doing a part-time job in school dining-room or library.Also some others do a part-time delivery man or promotion specialist，or other jobs alike.
There are mainly three different reasons for college students to take a work-
study program.First，to earn money is the main aim of many students.They want to relieve the burden on their families by doing a part-time job.Second，some students take work-study programs as a channel by which they know the society and improve their practical skills.Third，still some other students do part-time jobs just for fun or kill time.
From my point of view，college students can benefit a lot from work-study programs.But it is worth noting that study is prior to anything else.Those who take part in study-work programs should keep it in their mind.Besides，they should spend their income from these programs properly.
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框架搭建：由标题和提纲所列内容可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述员工可以在家办公这一现象，指出其有利有弊；第二段对比分析在家办公的利弊；第三段谈谈自己对在家办公的看法和理由。
The Popularity of Working at Home
With the widespread of telephone，computer and fax machine，it is not difficult to deal with work at home.However，as to the advantages and disadvantages of working at home，different people will give different opinions.
Those people who advocate working at home believe that it can save the commuting time from home to workplace，which can thereby increase working time.Moreover，working at home can guarantee people against the interference of the noise which is typically in offices.However，still others object to working at home.They argue that people are more likely to become sluggish if working at home.Besides，working at home might make companies unable to respond to those emergencies which need the joint efforts of all employees.
Weighing up the pros and cons，I do not support working at home.For one thing，it may cut off people’s basic communication with their colleagues，which will result in the feeling of isolation.For another，it may decrease efficiency，since people always have housework to tend.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration，I may reasonably conclude that people should not be encouraged to work at home.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述很多教授整天忙于搞科研的现象，引出对这种现象的批评观点，并说明理由；第二段针对该现象提出赞成观点并说明理由；第三段表明“我”的态度并说明理由。
Should a University Professor Focus on Scientific Research？
Nowadays，some professors spend most of their time on their scientific research projects.This phenomenon has caused many debates.Many people think these professors are spraying from their main task.They insist that the most important job for a professor should be teaching the students rather than writing the research papers and working on scientific projects.
However，still others don’t agree this argument.They think that university professors are the main force of scientific research work.Moreover，working on scientific research can help a professor improve his professional ability，which in turn is favorable to his teaching.
In my opinion，scientific research work and teaching work are not conflicting with each other.Instead，they complement each other.But some professors are so indulged in their scientific research projects that they ignore teaching work，others even only for fame or higher position.These professors have to be reminded to make self-examination.
热点演练23
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述大学生社会实践活动及其主要内容；第二段说明社会实践活动给大学生带来的好处；第三段指出大学生参加社会实践应该注意些什么。
Social Practice of College Students
Nowadays many universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activities.During the holidays，more and more students choose to be the volunteers，take part-time jobs，or take part in other practical activities alike.It’s obvious that social practice is playing a more and more important role in China’s college education.
Undoubtedly，college students have benefited a lot from social practice.On one hand，they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside the campus and can apply their knowledge to the solution to the practical problems.So their practical skills are improved greatly.On the other hand，social practice helps strengthen students’sense of social responsibility.
Considering the above-mentioned，I think，it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice.But it should be noted that some students may spend too much time on taking part-time jobs so as to ignore their study.Therefore，we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.
热点演练24
框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对策方法类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述近年来许多大学开始实施性教育的现象，引出中国的性教育问题；第二段分析加强大学生性教育的必要性；第三段说明大学生应该如何对待性的问题。
Sex Education on College Students
In recent years，more and more universities in China have begun to put sex education programs into practice.Some related lectures held last year at XX University attracted several hundred students.This high attendance probably reflected a strong desire for more knowledge on sex.
It is quite necessary to strength sex education on college students.Nowadays，the young people can find out about sex from a wide range of sources，including advertising，television，magazines and websites.But some of these sources are inaccurate.Besides，it is well known to all，the HIV carriers are increasing in great numbers，and lack of sex education should be blamed of this.Therefore，the government and education departments have the responsibility to promote sex education.
As college students，we should take a right attitude towards sex.For one thing，we should learn some basic knowledge about sex.For another，we should take sex seriously and cautiously.To start sex behaviors is too early for college students who are not mature enough.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述什么是善意的谎言，引出人们对它的争议；第二段针对善意的谎言提出两种不同的观点并分别说明理由；第三段谈谈“我”对善意的谎言的看法并说明理由。
Is a White Lie Acceptable？
Sometimes，people have to tell a lie to someone else in order to protect him or avoid hurting his feeling.That is called“white lie”.But since it is a lie，it has always been a controversial topic.
Many people believe that a white lie is a kind of protection for both the lie teller and the lie receiver.In their opinions，if the truth might be a great hurt to others，they should cover it.However，still others hold the opposite view.They argue that telling a lie to somebody，in fact，invades his right to know the truth.Besides，they insist that if one is informed of the truth，one can make proper decision according to his own will.
Weighing up these two arguments，I prefer the latter one.Nobody can guarantee that covering the truth to one person is best to him.Anyone should be admitted to make his own decision.But it is worth noting that the truth should be conveyed in a humane way if it might hurt others.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述近年来高校毕业生热衷报考公务员的现象；第二段说明导致这一现象的主要原因；第三段谈谈“我”对报考公务员的看法。
The Craze for the Test for National Civil Servants
In recent years，there has appeared a craze among more and more high-educated people who have participated in the test for national civil servants.Millions of graduates and postgraduates choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation.
There are the following three reasons for the kind of craze.Firstly，nowadays college students face great employment pressure.Civil servant，as one of the most stable professions in today’s China，becomes their preferable choice.Secondly，in recent years the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly. Finally，the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to choose it.
In my opinion，this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years.However，if most high quality talents gather in the government departments，it might lead to a waste of resources.And it is unfavorable to the development of an individual’s ability.Therefore，we should take full account before we decide to take part in the test for civil servants.
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框架搭建：由图画和题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段结合图画描述年轻父母对电子产品的痴迷现象；第二段说明年轻父母痴迷电子产品对家庭教育带来的负面影响；第三段针对这一现象提出你的建议。
The Impact of Electronic Products on Family Education
The picture describes vividly a family scene where the parents don’t permit their son to play on the computer.However，both the father and the mother are sitting in front of a computer even when talking with their son.The picture reflects the phenomenon of today’s young parents’being addicted to electronic products.
Young people tend to have weak resistance to electronic products，and young parents are no exception，which brings some problems to family education.Parents do not permit children to spend time on electronic products lest it affect their study，but parents themselves couldn’t resist the temptation.Facing parents who are with a tough attitude but not being models，children generates negative feelings.This leads to the conflict between parents and children.
From my point of view，qualified parents should be children’s models.When parents require children to do something，they should do it firstly.Besides，parents should take a wiser way to educate children.As to electronic products like a computer，I suggest parents give children some chance to be exposed to them in proper time rather than absolutely ban them.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇说明现象类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段概述大学校园内的“占座”现象；第二段说明这种现象的不良影响；第三段谈谈“我”对“占座”现象的看法。
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table-cloth，a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library，indicating the seat is taken.This kind of phenomenon is very usual on college campus.Strangely enough，few students will protest it.
Though it is for the purpose of better study for most students to take seats in advance，this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects.For one thing，this selfish behavior damages other students’interests.For another，reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness.No matter how late you come to class，the seat is still reserved for you，while many students coming earlier can not get a seat.
From my point of view，our college students should take a new look at our behavior of reserving a seat.Only if every one of us improves our self-consciousness，will it not be a difficult task to get rid of this kind of unhealthy behaviors on campus.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段描述“城市亮化工程”并说明其优点；第二段说明“城市亮化工程”有哪些弊端；第三段表明“我”对“城市亮化工程”的看法。
Light Project in Cities
In recent years，many big cities have launched the light project，which aims at lighting the nights of the city’s streets.No doubt，this project can bring many benefits to citizens.Above all，the whole city image is improved greatly.The city appears to be gorgeous and prosperous with the decoration of thousands of lights.Besides，the citizens will feel much safer when going out at night.
However，as every coin has two sides，the light project also has some disadvantages.The most obvious one is that it costs much electricity.What’s worse，excessive lights can cause light pollution and thus affect people’s health and at the same time do harm to our environment.
Weighing the advantages and disadvantages，I think the light project should be continued since the citizens benefit from it.But the waste of energy must be controlled because our resources are very limited.Therefore，the government should take effective measures to reduce the waste of energy.
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框架搭建：由题目要求可知，本文应为一篇对比分析类作文，其基本的段落安排如下：第一段指出对于是否应该让脑死亡的人继续呼吸人们的看法不同；第二段对比论述两种看法各自的理由；第三段谈谈“我”对这一问题的看法和理由。
Should We Use a Machine to Make Him Breathe？
Suppose a man’s brain is dead because of an accident，that is，he can’t think，speak or hear，should we use a machine to make him breathe？Facing this question，different people have different opinions.
Some people think that it is meaningless to keep an unconscious person alive since he can never know this.Instead，this machine only makes his family and friends hurt longer.However，other people hold the opposite opinion.They insist that one’s life cannot be announced to end so easily.Anyone has no right to do that.Besides，if his family asks the doctor not to use the machine and let him die，it might haunt them for the rest of their lives.
As for me，I am in favor of the former opinion.I think，a person whose brain is dead has lost his value as a social being.To make him go on breathing is just a console for those living people，which is of no practical meaning.Therefore，I think it unnecessary to use a machine to keep the man’s breathing.