完形填空实战演练
全国统考2017年真题
It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly. (One theory behind the 1918 version’s sudden demise after wreaking so much devastation was that it mutated to a nonlethal form.)The same branch of research concluded in 2005 that the 1918 flu started in birds before passing to humans.Parsing this animal-human 51 could provide clues to 52 the next potential superflu,which already has a name:H5N1,also known as avian flu or bird flu.
This potential killer also has a number:59 percent.According to the World Health Organization,nearly three-fifths of the people who 53 H5N1 since 2003 died from the virus,which was first reported 54 humans in Hong Kong in 1997 before a more serious 55 occurred in Southeast Asia between 2003 and 2004.(It has since spread to Africa and Europe.)Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only 56 cases in which victims are sick enough to go to the hospital for treatment. 57 ,compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the 1918 pandemic;it may have killed roughly 50 million people,but that was only 10 percent of the number of people infected, according to a 2006 estimate.
H5N1’s saving grace—and the only reason we’re not running around masked up in public right now—is that the strain doesn’t jump from birds to humans,or from humans to humans, easily.There have been just over 600 cases(and 359 deaths)since 2003.But 58 its lethality, and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible,one might expect H5N1 research to be exploding,with labs 59 the virus’s molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and 60 to humans,and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.
51.A.interact B.interface C.connection D.contamination
52.A.stopping B.stopped C.have stopped D.stop
53.A.contacted B.contracted C.concentrated D.infected
54.A.on B.in C.of D.with
55.A.breakout B.take place C.happen D.outbreak
56.A.accounts B.numbers C.counts D.takes
57.A.Moreover B.Still C.Furthermore D.Thereafter
58.A.given B.giving C.to give D.speaking of
59.A.parsing B.parsed C.to parse D.having parsed
60.A.presently B.potentially C.potently D.importantly
第一步:扫读:首段首句“It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly.(One theory behind the 1918 version’s sudden demise after wreaking so much devastation was that it mutated to a nonlethal form.)”大意是“正是这种研究能够深入了解流感毒株如何迅速发生变异。(1918年造成巨大破坏之后病毒突然消亡的一个理论是:它突变为非致命形式。)”。从这里可知,本文的主要内容是对流感病毒的研究过程和成果。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.interact B.interface C.connection D.contamination
【选项分析】interact为动词,其他三个选项为名词。
【答案解析】B。本题考查上下文语义和名词含义。interact“互动”(这是动词形式,在本句中不符合语法要求),interface“结合,交界”,connection“连接”,contamination“接触,传染”。空白处前一句话讲这种流感在鸟类中出现了很多起,才开始向人类传播。因此parsing(分析)鸟类和人类的“交叉感染”是符合上下文语义走向的。
52.A.stopping B.stopped C.have stopped D.stop
【选项分析】四个选项是stop的不同形式。
【答案解析】A。本题考查to做介词的情况。a clue to doing sth.的结构中,to为介词,后面跟名词或者动名词形式,意思是“做⋯⋯的线索”。
53.A.contacted B.contracted C.concentrated D.infected
【选项分析】四个选项均为动词的过去时形式,可得知本题考查动词的含义。
【答案解析】B。contact是“接触”,但未必感染;contract是“感染”,根据上下文含义,可知文章讲的是感染了H5N1的病例的死亡率,因此contract和infect的含义符合要求。但infect的用法是infect sb.with,而句中的宾语为疾病,因此正确答案只能为contract。
54.A.on B.in C.of D.with
【选项分析】四个选项都是介词。
【答案解析】B。本题考查介词。“在某个方面”介词常常用“in”。on表示“以⋯⋯为主题”,比如on the topic of love。
55.A.breakout B.take place C.happen D.outbreak
【选项分析】四个选项中,A、B和C都表示“发生”,均为动词。虽然D也表示“发生,爆发”,但是它是名词。由可推测本题考查的是句子结构和词汇含义的具体辨析。
【答案解析】D。breakout的写法有误,做动词词组时应该分开break out。take place“发生”,happen“出现,发生”,outbreak“爆发”,根据句子a more serious 55 可知,空格处应该填入名词,因此D为正确选项。
56.A.accounts B.numbers C.counts D.takes
【选项分析】四个选项均为动词的第三人称单数形式,可推测本题考查句子含义或者动词搭配。
【答案解析】C。本题考查语义和动词含义。account“把⋯⋯视作”,number“标号”,count“把⋯⋯算入”,take“拿,取”。句意:有些研究者认为这些死亡数据有些夸大,因为WHO只会将严重到需要去医院就诊的病例算在内。count是最贴切的选项。
57.A.Moreover B.Still C.Furthermore D.Thereafter
【选项分析】四个选项均为副词,表示逻辑关系,精读定位空白处的前后1~2句即可。
【答案解析】B。本题考查逻辑关系。moreover表示递进;still有让步的含义,意思是“尽管如此,仍然⋯⋯”;thereby表示因果;furthermore表示递进。该题上一句讲有些研究者认为这些死亡数据有些夸大,因为WHO只会将严重到需要去医院就诊的病例算在内。空格后则强调该数字仍然是惊人的。因此这里选择有让步含义的副词still。
58.A.given B.giving C.to give D.speaking of
【选项分析】A、B、C选项为give的不同形式,D为独立的词组,可推测这里考查句意和特定动词的特殊用法。
【答案解析】A。本题考查逻辑关系。这里需要原因和条件,只有given有此功能,意思是“鉴于,因为”,在这里是连词。speaking of的意思是“谈到,谈起”。
59.A.parsing B.parsed C.to parse D.having parsed
【选项分析】四个选项是parse的不同形式,可推测本题考查结构。
【答案解析】A。本题考查with引导的介宾短语充当状语。with sth.doing sth.,句子意思是“同时,实验室要探究病毒的分子构成”。with sth.done则表示被动含义;with sth. having done,表示该动作已经完成,有很明显的某一特定动作在特定时间点上的先后关系。
60.A.presently B.potentially C.potently D.importantly
【选项分析】四个选项均为副词,很明显本题考查句意。
【答案解析】B。本题考查句子含义和副词。这里表示可能对人类的传染,只有potentially表示“可能,潜在地”。presently“现在,当下”,potently“有力地”,importantly“重 要地”。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2016年真题
Humans are the only species known to have consciousness,awareness that we have brains and bodies 51 adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take,that we can make choices 52 that vastly affect the quality of our lives—biologically,intellectually, environmentally,and spiritually.As humans,we have the ability to mold our 53 beings to become what or who we wish to become.While some of us may, 54 ,have genetic and biological imperatives that may require medication or training to overcome,or at least to modulate,the vast majority of us do,in fact,hold our emotional 55 in our bank.
All that 56 ,until the last decade,scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained 57 unchanged through childhood.They believed that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain structure,and 58 the number might vary among people,once you were done with childhood development,you were set in this 59 .Your connections were already made, and the learning and growing period of your brain was over.In the last decade,however, researchers have found 60 evidence that this is not so,and that something called neuroplasticity continues throughout our lives.
51.A.careful about B.capable of C.accessible to D.susceptible to
52.A.in the event B.in an attempt C.at the moment D.along the way
53.A.exclusive B.very C.just D.exact
54.A.indeed B.however C.moreover D.therefore
55.A.demonstration B.dimension C.destiny D.determination
56.A.has been said B.being said C.was said D.is said
57.A more or less B.pretty much C.as ever D.if any
58.A while B.despite C.nevertheless D.since
59.A.case B.mold C.sense D.condition
60.A.different B.similar C.insufficient D.significant
第一步:扫读:首段首句“Humans are the only species known to have consciousness, awareness that we have brains and bodies 51 adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take,that we can make choices 52 that vastly affect the quality of our lives…”大意是“人类是唯一一种有意识的物种:这种意识能让我们的大脑和肢体适应选择的生活轨迹,能让我们做出当下对自己生活产生重大影响的决策。”,通过扫读,可知下文并没有联系紧密的转折或者对立,因此可以判定本文的中心思想即为首句。要注意的是,完形填空中首句一般不设空,但该句同时出现两个空白,增加了全文理解的难度。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.careful about B.capable of C.accessible to D.susceptible to
【选项分析】四个选项为形容词与不同介词的搭配。本题考查形容词词组的含义。
【答案解析】B。文章第一句的大意是:“人类是唯一一种有意识的物种:我们的大脑和肢体能够适应选择的生活轨迹⋯⋯”。careful about“仔细的,小心的”,capable of“能够”,accessible to“可接近的”,susceptible to“易于,敏感的”。根据题目含义,本题最佳答案为B。
52.A.in the event B.in an attempt
C.at the moment D.along the way
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查句意和词组。
【答案解析】C。“…that we can make choices 52 that vastly affect the quality of our lives⋯”的大意是“这种意识能让我们做出当下对自己生活产生重大影响的决策”。in the event“在某个事件上”,in an attempt“尝试”,at the moment“当下”,along the way“沿途”。根据题意,C为最佳选项。
53.A.exclusive B.very C.just D.exact
【选项分析】根据选项得知,本题考查形容词与名词之间的修饰关系,或者形容词用法和含义的辨析。
【答案解析】A。该句的大意为“作为人类,我们都有将自己______的存在变成自己希望变成的样子”,very、just、exact都有表示“正是,正好”的含义,常见的用法为the very +名词、just the+名词、the exact+名词,just不是正确选项,可排除。再根据题干意思判断,exclusive“独一无二的”是最佳答案。
54.A.indeed B.however C.moreover D.therefore
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系。只需要看本句即可。
【答案解析】A。indeed“实际上”,however“然而”表示转折,moreover“并且”表示递进,therefore“因此”表示因果。该句句首while表示让步意为“虽然”,根据语法规则,however在这里就不能再添加了。该句大意是“尽管一些人______有需要药物或者训练才能克服的生理冲动,但绝大多数人是可以将情绪”,第一个空格处填入indeed表示强调某种事实,承认这种现象的存在是最符合语义走向的。
55.A.demonstration B.dimension C.destiny D.determination
【选项分析】根据选项可知本题考查语义和名词含义。
【答案解析】B。根据该句的大意:⋯⋯大多数人能将情绪控制好。demonstration“展示”,dimension“体积,范围”,destiny“命运”,determination“决定,意志”。根据题意,选择dimension是最佳答案。
56.A.has been said B.being said C.was said D.is said
【选项分析】根据选项可知,四个选项都是say的各种形式,由此可知本题考查句子结构。
【答案解析】B。该句的主谓结构为scientists believe,因此all that后的谓语动词应该相应变成非谓语结构。纵观四个选项,只有B符合要求。all that being said是独立主格结构,充当状语,意思是“综上所述”。
57.A.more or less B.pretty much C.as ever D.if any
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查副词。
【答案解析】C。more or less“或多或少”,pretty much“十分,非常”,as ever“和以往一样”,if any“即使有的话也⋯⋯”。该句的下文说到,科学家们认为一旦人脑成形,神经元便会保持稳定。由此信息可知空格中应该为as ever unchanged,意思是“一直保持不变”。
58.A.while B.despite C.nevertheless D.since
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系。只需要看本句即可。
【答案解析】A。while放在句首,表示让步,放在句中表示对比;despite“尽管”,表示让步,后面连接的是that从句;nevertheless“然而”,表示转折,放在句中时往往用标点隔开;since“因为,既然”,表示因果。“They believed that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain structure”讲到,科学家们相信在人类某个大脑结构中存在一定数量的神经元。and后的句子中含有两个信息的缺失,需要我们找到语义线索来确定逻辑关系。vary“变化”,done with childhood development“童年发展完成”,be set“定型”,有以上三个重点线索可知,这里的逻辑关系应该为“虽然⋯⋯变化,但是一旦完成童年发展,你就会⋯⋯成型”。因此这里应该选择表示“尽管”的连词。因引导句子,故while是正确答案。
59.A.case B.mold C.sense D.condition
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查名词和句子的含义,只需要看本句话即可。
【答案解析】B。该句的意思是“一旦儿童发展阶段完成,大脑便会成型”。in the mold是正确答案。in this case“这种情况”,in this sense“在这个意义上”,in this mold“以这种形式”,in this condition“在这种条件下”。
60.A.different B.similar C.insufficient D.significant
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查语义走向和形容词。且different(不同的)和similar(相似的)意思相反,按照复现原则,上下文应该有线索指向。
【答案解析】D。different“不同的”,similar“相似的”,insufficient“不充足的”,significant“重要的,有意义的”。文章的最后两句话大意是:你的神经元连接已经成型,大脑的学习和生长阶段已然结束。但是,在最近十年里,研究者们却发现了______的证据,证明情况并非如此,神经重构贯穿人类的一生。找到的证据是为了证明与上文不一致的结果,证据很重要。因此选择significant。文中并未提及证据本身与以前的证据是否“相似”或“不同”,故A、B都不对。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2015年真题
A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.
According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton,UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth, 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter’s cheek and lung when she was 11 months old.Genetic analysis showed that the baby’s cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother.But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father, 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception.That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child’s body across the placental barrier.
The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier.But this is not the case—microchimerism, 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child,is thought to be quite common,with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 per cent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .
As the BBC pointed out,the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system.The answer,in this case at least,lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells,which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign.As a result,no attack against the invaders was launched.
59 ,according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of“cancer danger”. Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby’s immune system is extremely low.
51.A.suggests B.suggesting C.having suggested D.suggested
52.A.since B.although C.whereas D.when
53.A.what B.whom C.who D.as
54.A.predicted B.notorious C.proven D.detailed
55.A.where B.when C.if D .whatever
56.A.as many B.as much C.as well D.as often
57.A.threat B.puzzle C.obstacle D.dilemma
58.A.detection B.deletion C.amplification D.addition
59.A.Therefore B.Furthermore
C.Nevertheless D.Conclusively
60.A.likelihood B.function C.influence D.flexibility
第一步:扫读:首段首句“A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.”的大意是:本周发布的一份新案例研究表明,患癌母亲在极为罕见的情况下才会将疾病传染给未出生的婴儿。通过扫读并未发现下文有转折或是对立的连接词,故可以确定全文都是以此为主题展开论述的。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.suggests B.suggesting
C.having suggested D.suggested
【选项分析】四个选项为suggest的不同形式,由此可知本题考查动词的时态。
【答案解析】A。文章第一句为主题句:本周发布的一份新案例研究表明,患癌母亲在极为罕见的情况下才会将疾病传染给未出生的婴儿。因本题有非常明确的时间状语this week,同时医学权威发布的结果应为有一定代表性的结论,故选用动词的一般现在时。因此本题正确答案为A。这与第二段中的This suggests…形成正确的呼应。
52.A.since B.although C.whereas D.when
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系,精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】C。本句大意是:一位母亲在分娩几周后被诊断为白血病,而女儿在11个月大的时候,脸颊和肺部都发现了肿瘤。根据题意,两个分句之间有对比和转折的逻辑关系,因此本题正确答案为C。
53.A.what B.whom C.who D.as
【选项分析】本题明显考查句子结构,可参考前文讲到的语法原则。
【答案解析】D。本题的主句结构完整,意思是:该女婴癌细胞中未发现父亲的DNA,这就让大家认为她是在受孕过程中染上疾病的。这里需要一个引导词,能指代主句内容,同时还能引导从句,只有as/which才有此功能。因此本题正确答案为D。
54.A.predicted B.notorious C.proven D.detailed
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。
【答案解析】C。本句大意是:《卫报》称这是第一个得到证实的细胞穿透胎盘屏障的案例。上文用一个日本病人的案例对此进行了证明,因此本题正确答案为C。
55.A.where B.when C.if D.whatever
【选项分析】本题明显考查句子结构,可参考前文讲到的语法原则。
【答案解析】A。本句大意是:这不是微嵌合状态的病例,在该状态下,细胞在母体和胎儿之间发生交换,非常常见。50%到75%的情况下,一些细胞从胚胎游向母体,50%的情况下则是反向的。此处从句表示该种情况发生的状态,用where最合适。因此本题正确答案为A。
56.A.as many B.as much C.as well D.as often
【选项分析】通过选项可知,本题考查as…as这一比较结构中的形容词或副词。
【答案解析】D。本题考查副词。这里表示细胞从母亲到胎儿和从胎儿到母亲两种方式的概率,能表示“概率,频率”的,只有often。因此本题正确答案为D。
57.A.threat B.puzzle C.obstacle D.dilemma
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】B。本题考查句意和名词。这里的大意为:这些脱离胎盘的细胞如何不会被免疫系统杀死,这是一件令人费解的事情。因此本题正确答案为B。
58.A.detection B.deletion C.amplification D.addition
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】B。对上面提出的puzzle,答案是癌细胞进行了第二次变异,使其能允许免疫系统将其检测为异质的特质消失殆尽。这里只能选择能表示“消失,磨灭”含义的词,才能符合文意。因此deletion是正确答案。
59.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Conclusively
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查逻辑关系,精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】C。这里上文讲的是母体向胎儿传染癌症的情况,空格后则在舒缓对cancer danger的紧张情绪,这是明显的转折关系。因此本题正确答案为C。
60.A.likelihood B.function C.influence D.flexibility
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】A。这里进一步解释为何不用担心cancer danger,因为全世界范围内只有17个可能性案例,同时突破胎盘障碍的癌细胞且能避免胎儿免疫系统筛查的免疫,两种方式结合起来的可能性实在很低。因此本题选likelihood。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2013年真题
Video game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guys— better vision.Playing“action”video games improves a visual ability 51 tasks like reading and driving at night,a new study says.
The ability,called contrast sensitivity function,allows people to discern even subtle changes 52 gray against a uniformly colored backdrop.It’s also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age.
That’s 53 a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power,according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester.
Previous research shows that gaming improves other visual skills,such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and 54 attention to a series of fast-moving events, Bavelier said.
“A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced, 55 one,”she said. The new work suggests that playing video games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments,which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses.
“ 56 you’ve had eye surgery or get corrective lenses,exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better,you need to retrain the brain to make use of the better,crisper information that’s coming in 57 a result of your improved eyesight,”Bavelier said.
Expert action gamers in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2.A group of experienced nonaction gamers played The Sims 2,a“life simulation”video game.The players of nonaction video games didn’t see the same vision 58 ,the study says.
Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games 59 seem to sharpen visual skill.It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-building workout for the eyes,she said.
Another possible 60 is that the unpredictable,fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly.Finally,Bavelier said,the games’rich payoff may also play a role.
“It’s pleasing to be successful in your mission,”she said.“When you combine rewards with these other‘factors’,then you get much more learning.”
51.A.ascribe to B.key for C.inclined to D.crucial for
52.A.in light of B.in shades of C.in terms of D.in guidance of
53.A.why B.how C.what D.as
54.A.drawing B.having C.paying D.giving
55.A.not just B.no only C.no just D.not almost
56.A.Unless B.Although C.Once D.Since
57.A.for B.as C.in D.from
58.A.shortcomings B.benefits C.drawbacks D.advantages
59.A.in fact B.in effect C.in particular D.in vain
60.A.result B.reason C.fact D.guess
第一步:扫读:首段首句“Video game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guys—better vision.”告知本文的主题大意:电子游戏玩家或许会因为打倒坏人而有意料之外的收获,即更好的视力。通过扫读并未发现下文有转折或是对立的连接词,故可以确定全文都是以此为主题展开论述的。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.ascribe to B.key for C.inclined to D.crucial for
【选项分析】根据“同义原则”,B选项和D选项为近义词组,答案在其中。同时key for表达“重要的”时搭配应该用key to,因此可初步判断答案为D。
【答案解析】D。本题考查形容词充当后置定语。原文的主题句为首段第一句:游戏玩家可能会因为打跑坏蛋得到意料之外的好处——视力变得更好。空格前说到玩动作游戏需要一种视觉能力,这种能力对阅读或者夜间驾驶是非常重要的。因此本题选D(至关重要的),key也表示“重要的,关键的”,但常跟的介词搭配为to。因此本题正确答案为D。
52.A.in light of B.in shades of C.in terms of D.in guidance of
【选项分析】根据“同义原则”,如果有两个虚词选项为同义词,则答案不在其中。故A选项和C选项(从⋯⋯方面)均不可选。答案应在B和D当中。
【答案解析】B。本题考查介词词组。第一句在解释这是一种什么能力(对比敏感度—— contrast sensitivity function),以及这种能力的功能是什么。既然与contrast相关,那么往往会涉及对比底色和对比内容,因此本题选用in shades of,意思是“⋯⋯的底色”。
53.A.why B.how C.what D.as
【选项分析】本题明显考查句子结构,可参考前文讲到的语法原则。
【答案解析】A。空格处需要填入一个表示逻辑关系的表语从句引导词。that指代上一段的内容,空格后从句的意思是:有规律的动作游戏的训练能提供长期有力的视觉能力。这是上一段“对比敏感度也是第一种会随着年龄衰退的能力(aptitude)”的结果。因此why能体现因果关系,是正确答案。
54.A.drawing B.having C.paying D.giving
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。
【答案解析】回到原文中寻找,非常明显,本题考查固定搭配。pay attention to的意思是“关注,注意”,本题正确答案为C。
55.A.not just B.no only C.no just D.not almost
【选项分析】B选项和C选项首先排除。没有这两种组合。答案在A和D里面。
【答案解析】A。本题考查语义。该句的意思是:视觉系统的很多方面都在得到提高,而不是唯一一个。not just的意思是“不是只有,不仅仅”,是正确答案。not almost的意思是“几乎不是”,与上文语义不符合。
56.A.Unless B.Although C.Once D.Since
【选项分析】通过选项可知,这是对逻辑关系的考查,精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】C。unless意为“除非”,although意为“尽管”,表示转折,once意为“一旦”,表示条件,since意为“因为”,表示因果。原文的意思是:如果你做了眼睛手术或者戴了纠正视力的镜片,多接触这样的游戏可以让光学系统更快、更好地恢复。很明显,主从句是条件关系。故本题答案为C。
57.A.for B.as C.in D.from
【选项分析】四个选项皆为介词时,考查固定搭配或者介词常见的意义(每个介词本身都有其最初始的含义),无需过多理解句子含义。
【答案解析】B。本题考查固定搭配。as a result of的意思是“结果是,作为⋯⋯的结果”。因此正确答案为B。
58.A.shortcomings B.benefits C.drawbacks D.advantages
【选项分析】A和C是同义词,B和D为同义词,因此先要用句意来判断语义走向,确定到底说的是“缺点”还是“长处”,然后再做具体的词汇辨析。
【答案解析】B。本题考查上下文呼应。原句的意思是:非动作游戏玩家并没有同样的视力。本题可以追溯到全文的中心句,即第一句:动作游戏可以带来意料之外的收益。反之,非动作游戏的玩家则没有同样的“收益”,即benefits。故本题答案为B。
59.A.in fact B.in effect C.in particular D.in vain
【选项分析】根据同义原则,in fact和in effect为同义的虚词(介词词组),答案肯定不在其中,而在C和D中。
【答案解析】C。本题考查固定搭配和上下文语义。该句的意思是:Bavelier和其他人正在研究为什么偏偏是动作游戏能让我们的视觉技巧更敏捷(sharpen),能表示“偏偏,尤其”含义的只有in particular。in fact的意思是“事实上”,in effect意为“效果”,in vain意为“徒劳无功的”。故本题选C。
60.A.result B.reason C.fact D.guess
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】B。本题考查名词和上下文语义。该句中的another证明上文还提到一个。到上文的最后一句可以得知“或许(maybe)定位敌人和精确地瞄准是强有力的铸造能力的过程”,可知这是第一个回答why的原因,由此可推断another后的也应该是原因,即reason。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2012年真题
Dear Dr.Benjamin,
Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to 51 health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.
Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher,one of 52 mentors,released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy 53 concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles—a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that 54 prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.
ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world, 55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors—especially physical activity—throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform, we’ve been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing, 56 promoting healthy,active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.
In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General’s office, focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that 57 calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are 58 aware, physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions—such as heart disease,Type II diabetes,and obesity—that currently plague our country.Your example as 59 whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.
Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would 60 the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.
Again,Dr.Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.
Sincerely,
James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSM
President,American College of Sports Medicine
51.A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing
52.A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own
53.A.around B.above C.at D.across
54.A.promoted B.promoting
C.having been promoting D.having been promoted
55.A.put B.got C.sits D.stands
56.A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also
57.A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally
58.A.well B.better C.the very D.the most
59.A.those B.one C.this D.it
60.A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebrate
第一步:扫读:从本文的格式和首句“Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.”可知,本文是对Benjamin医生被提名为美国外科医生协会秘书长的庆贺。后文便是围绕这个话题来进行的。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】D。本题考查上下文语义和词汇。该句的意思是:基于您出色的职业成就和致力于解决医疗服务的不平等。此处address表示“解决⋯⋯的问题”。符合上下文含义,是正确答案。address还有“地址,致辞”等含义。
52.A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own
【选项分析】本题考查代词。空格后的句子讲到“我们鼓励你们建立自己的遗产”,因此显而易见,四个选项中own前的人称物主代词不一样,则是考查上文被指代的名词。
【答案解析】C。空格处可推测是“你们自己的导师”。故本题选C。
53.A.around B.above C.at D.across
【选项分析】四个选项皆为介词时,本题考查固定搭配或者介词常见的意义(每个介词本身都有其最初始的含义),无需过多理解句子含义。
【答案解析】A。本题考查介词。此处表示“基于⋯⋯上;围绕⋯⋯的观点”,around是最合适的介词。故选A。
54.A.promoted B.promoting
C.having been promoting D.having been promoted
【选项分析】很明显考查动词的形式,这需要回到原文分析句子结构,与句子含义关系不大。
【答案解析】B。本题考查语法。空格前后的意思是:提倡防治和健康意识能降低成本,并帮助人们过上更健康的生活。此处believe后的从句需要主语,而主语又表示一种动作或行动,因此直接使用promote的动名词形式即可。故本题选B。
55.A.put B.got C.sits D.stands
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对固定搭配的考查。
【答案解析】D。本题考查固定搭配。stand ready to的含义是“准备好”,是正确答案。
56.A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also
【选项分析】考查句子的逻辑关系。精读1~2句话即可(但凡逻辑关系题都是送分的题)。
【答案解析】C。本题考查并列结构的固定搭配。not just…but表示“不仅仅是,而是”,同时but by与not just through是并列关系。故本题选C。
57.A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally
【选项分析】根据副词的考点,考查副词,可以先看副词修饰的形容词或者动词,看词义搭配。
【答案解析】C。本题考查词汇和上下文语义。空格前后的意思是:(那是)一个特意呼吁医生鼓励病人将体力活动和锻炼与日常生活结合起来的项目。arguably“有争议性地”,excessively“额外地”,specifically“特别地,具体地”,exceptionally“排外地,特别地”。故本题选C。
58.A.well B.better C.the very D.the most
【选项分析】考查副词的比较级和最高级,回原文找线索。
【答案解析】A。此题考查固定搭配。be well aware意思是“很清楚地认识到”,此处well为程度副词,修饰aware。故本题答案为A。
59.A.those B.one C.this D.it
【选项分析】四个选项都是代词,因此只需要分析空格处的代词指代的是前文的哪个名词即可。
【答案解析】B。本题考查代词做先行词。定语从句whose family has suffered…的先行词只能用单数代词,同时要指代人,因此只有one能有合二为一的功能。故本题正确答案为B。
60.A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebrate
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】B。本题测试上下文含义。greet“打招呼”,welcome“欢迎”,deserve“值得”,celebrate“庆祝”。此处表示“欢迎、期待与您见面的机会”,故本题正确答案为B。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2011年真题
Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a(n) 51 about culture shock they think that it’s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn’t really true.Culture shock is a completely natural 52 ,and everybody goes 53 it in a new culture.
There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock.When people first arrive in a new country they’re usually excited and 54 .Everything is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are 55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.
In Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things.They feel 56 .They spend a lot of time 57 or with other people from their own country.They think “My problems are all because I’m living in this country”.
Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs.They 58 some people in the new country.They’re 59 comfortable and relaxed.
In Stage Four they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but that’s OK.They can 60 it.
51.A.account B.reflection
C.verification D.misconception
52.A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection
53.A.for B.through C.after D.about
54.A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy
55.A.representative of B.different from
C.peculiar to D.similar to
56.A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled
57.A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only
58.A.make friends with B.make transactions with
C.hold hostility to D.shut the door to
59.A.hardly B.more C.very D.less
60.A.live with B.do without
C.hold up with D.make a success of
第一步:扫读:根据首段的“Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.”可知,本文大意应该是“人们到另一个国家生活的任何时候,他们都会有新体验和新感觉。他们都会经历文化冲击”,全文应该都是围绕这个核心展开。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.account B.reflection
C.verification D.misconception
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。该句的意思是:人们对文化冲击(culture shock)有误解,他们原以为这只是一个人身处异国他乡时的伤感和思乡之情。因此misconception正有此意,故选D。
52.A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】A。真正的文化冲击是一种自然的文化过渡,每个人都会在新文化中经历这种冲击。transition意为“过渡,转移,转化”,最符合题干含义。
53.A.for B.through C.after D.about
【选项分析】四个选项皆为介词时,本题考查固定搭配或者介词常见的意义(每个介词本身都有其最初始的含义),无需过多理解句子含义。
【答案解析】B。go through表示“穿过;贯穿”。
54.A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy
【选项分析】A、B、C三个选项都是负面情绪,只有D为正面情绪,可初步判断答案为D。
【答案解析】D。根据上下文的语义走向,该句中的excited(感到兴奋)后面应该并列一个褒义词,只有happy能表示“愉快,高兴”,故选D。
55.A.representative of B.different from C.peculiar to D.similar to
【选项分析】B选项和D选项互为反义词,可暂时圈定答案范围为B和D之间。
【答案解析】B。该句的意思是:他们发现新文化中有很多东西与以前的文化有所不同。representative of“⋯⋯的代表”,different from“与⋯⋯不同”,peculiar to“是⋯⋯特有的”,similar to“与⋯⋯相似”,故B为最佳选项。
56.A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】B。该句的意思是:做一件小小的事情都很费劲,这让他们觉得很是沮丧。只有depressed符合题意。intoxicate“使⋯⋯喝醉”,amaze“惊讶”,thrill“兴奋,激动”,故B为正确选项。
57.A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only
【选项分析】非常明显,lonely和alone是老生常谈的高频词。根据同义原则,答案在A和B之间。
【答案解析】B。该句的意思是:他们大多数时间都是独处,或是与自己国家的人在一起。alone表示“独自的”,lonely表示“孤独的”,lone“孤独的,无伴的”。故B为正确答案。
58.A.make friends with B.make transactions with
C.hold hostility to D.shut the door to
【选项分析】A和C互为反义词,可初步判断答案在A和C之间。
【答案解析】A。根据上文的意思(他们很孤独),这里表示他们能较好地接受新文化了,能与周围的人交朋友了。只有make friends with能有此含义,故A为正确选项。
59.A.hardly B.more C.very D.less
【选项分析】考查副词、形容词比较级和最高级。回到原文找语义线索。
【答案解析】B。此处表示与上文的不适应状态的对比,因此用比较级more更合适。
60.A.live with B.do without
C.hold up with D.make a success of
【选项分析】A和B有语义重叠的部分,根据同义原则,暂时圈定答案为A和B之间。
【答案解析】A。此处表示他们可以忍受与自己本土文化不同的新文化。只有live with表示“接受,忍受”,符合文意。do without“没有⋯⋯也行”,hold up with“坚持”,make a success of“取得⋯⋯的成功”。故本题选A。
第三步:回读检查。
全国统考2010年真题
Experts say about 1%of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today.They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.
These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat.They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15%less than their normal weight.
The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems.These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves.For example,former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22.She weighed only 61 pounds.
A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems.There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses,a young woman’s breathing,heartbeat,and blood pressure rates slow down.The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break.Sometimes the brain gets smaller,causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts.Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems.They have 57 opinions about themselves.They feel helpless.Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives.They may become dependent on illegal drugs.Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 .For example,they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.
Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time,it can be fatal.
51.A.specifically B.purposely C.particularly D.passionately
52.A.from B.of C.at D.in
53.A.kill B.starve C.abuse D.worsen
54.A.When B.While C.As D.Since
55.A.lost B.derived C.generated D.synthesized
56.A.what B.why C.how D.which
57.A.good B.high C.lower D.poor
58.A.represent B.make C.present D.exert
59.A.medication B.illusion C.motion D.action
60.A.habit B.behavior C.disorder D.pattern
第一步:扫读:从文章第一段和第二段的首句“Experts say about 1%of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today.They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat.”可知,专家们认为如今美国年轻女性中有1%的人在被厌食症折磨,原因是她们对长胖有着不正常的恐惧。全文肯定是以此为核心来展开叙述的。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
51.A.specifically B.purposely C.particularly D.passionately
【选项分析】考查副词,可以先看副词修饰的形容词或者动词,看词义搭配。
【答案解析】B。本句句意是:他们故意挨饿以保持比正常体重轻15%。A.专门地;B.故意地;C.尤其地;D.热情地。
52.A.from B.of C.at D.in
【选项分析】四个选项皆为介词时,本题考查固定搭配或者介词常见的意义(每个介词本身都有其最初始的含义),无需过多理解句子含义。
【答案解析】D。本句句意是:国家心理健康协会说十分之一的病例导致严重的医疗问题。one in ten是固定表达。
53.A.kill B.starve C.abuse D.worsen
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】A。本句句意是:这些病人会死于心脏衰竭或者说这种病会导致年轻女性⋯⋯她们自己。后面举的例子就是致死的例子。虽然自杀并不是这些女孩儿减肥的目标,她们的目标是尽可能瘦下去;但是厌食会导致精神抑郁,这种病可以导致自杀的发生。这一点从日常的官方报道中可以了解到。从另一个角度看,B选项是“饿,饿死”之意,前面已经说过这些年轻女性故意饿着自己,但故意饿死自己肯定不是目的。所以,“饿”是厌食症的原因,而非结果。这里需要的是结果(serious medical problems),故选A更恰当。
54.A.When B.While C.As D.Since
【选项分析】本题考查逻辑关系,只需精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】C。本句句意是:随着疾病的发展,年轻女性的呼吸、心跳和血压会下降。as引导伴随状语从句,表示进程。
55.A.lost B.derived C.generated D.synthesized
【答案解析】A和C为反义选项,可初步判断答案在A和C之间。(https://www.daowen.com)
【答案解析】A。本句句意是:重要元素钙从骨骼中流失,导致骨骼易碎。从句中something causing bones to break可以判断,此题应选择A。B.由⋯⋯而来;C.由⋯⋯产生;D.合成。
56.A.what B.why C.how D.which
【选项分析】从选项可判断此处考查从句引导词,因此更多地要关注句子结构而非句意。
【答案解析】C。本句句意是:有时大脑变小,造成人思维和行为方式的变化。此处指“方式”的改变,所以选how。
57.A.good B.high C.lower D.poor
【选项分析】good和poor形成反义选项,可初步判断答案在A和D之间。B和C不构成反义选项,原因在于high为形容词原级,lower则是比较级,两者不对应。
【答案解析】D。此题考点为上下文。根据下文具体的描述可知,病人开始出现情感或精神方面的问题,感到无助等。这些具体描述说明有厌食症的人对自己没有正确的认识,因而poor符合句意。
58.A.represent B.make C.present D.exert
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】A。本句句意是:他们变瘦的努力可能会代表控制他们生命的努力。此处说很多患者对自己评价不高,感觉很无助,所以追求变瘦一些,这似乎意味着他们想控制自己的生活。A.代表;B.努力做⋯⋯;C.呈现;D.尽全力。
59.A.medication B.illusion C.motion D.action
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。此题考点为上下文。根据下文可知,一些患厌食症的病人可能不停地洗手,尽管他们的手很干净。从这句话中我们可以推断,这些病人会不停地重复某个动作,所以选项D正确。A项medication“药物治疗”;B项illusion“幻觉”;C项motion“运动,手势,提议”。
60.A.habit B.behavior C.disorder D.pattern
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。本句句意是:厌食是一种严重的饮食紊乱。A.习惯;B.行为;C.混乱,紊乱;D.模式。
第三步:回读检查。
2016年中南大学真题
When my doctor told me the results of all the tests,I was sure my illness was fatal and certain that I was going to die.One of my first 21 was that I would be leaving 22 me so much that was unfinished.I told my friends that the 23 on my tombstone should read: “Grade of Incomplete”.That 24 my life,and I regretted my delays and 25 ,I wished that I had more time to do it all over again the 26 way.But deep inside I felt such a wish was useless.I 27 no recourse but to spend my remaining months in a gradual state of 28 .Too weak,too sick and too 29 in my dying to do much else,I cried a lot and felt very sorry 30 myself.
After the operation to remove the tumor,my 31 told me that I was cured.At first,I didn’t 32 him.I thought he is humoring me,stringing me 33 because he wanted me to be happy in my final months.34,though,I began to believe that he was telling me the truth and that I did indeed have a life 35 of me.Because I didn’t want my 36 simply to become a bad memory,I started to change the way I ran my life.I finished the photography project that summer.Then I applied for 37 at my local college in the fall.Within a year I had chosen 38 .I’m still working on getting that degree.Most important of all,my children and I took that 39 we’d always talked about.We took another one in the winter,too.At the end of the years I realized that I had rebuilt my life’s patterns.And now each day is more fulfilling than 40 .That’s something I couldn’t say before the day that cancer struck.
21.A.rehabilitations B.realizations C.inspirations D.experiences
22.A.behind B.for C.before D.front
23.A.description B.prescription C.inscription D.inspiration
24.A.summed up B.concluded C.ended up D.shortened
25.A.condition B.excuses C.exceeds D.exemplar
26.A.correct B.dorsal C.erratic D.right
27.A.inferred B.imagined C.intended D.imitated
28.A.corrosion B.permeation C.intervention D.deterioration
29.A.absorbed B.sobbed C.sorted D.sophisticated
30.A.with B.for C.about D.onto
31.A.physician B.assistant C.surgeon D.clinician
32.A.believe in B.believe C.entrust D.deprive
33.A.along B.abreast C.alone D.afresh
34.A.Gradually B.By and large C.Incidentally D.By accident
35.A.beforehand B.ahead C.forecast D.underneath
36.A.experience of cancer B.brush with death
C.regrets D.hospitalization
37.A.test B.quiz C.examination D.matriculation
38.A.an ability B.a discipline C.a profession D.a major
39.A.vacation B.leave C.turn D.spare time
40.A.the latter B.the past C.yesterday D.the last
第一步:扫读:首段第一句“When my doctor told me the results of all the tests,I was sure my illness was fatal and certain that I was going to die.”大意是:当医生告诉我化验结果时,我认为自己患上的是不治之症,即将不久于人世。由此可知本文讲的是作者的患病经历和故事,是一篇记叙文。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
21.A.rehabilitations B.realizations C.inspirations D.experiences
【选项分析】四个选项均为名词,为形近词和近义词。可推测本题考查句意和名词含义,换句话讲,如果不了解四个单词的含义,是无法从上下文和句子结构来得到答案的。
【答案解析】B。词义辨析。rehabilitation“康复,复原”;realization“认识,实现,领悟”;inspiration“灵感”;experience“经验,经历,体验”。由空格后“so much that was unfinished很多未完成的事情”可知这里指代“我最初的认识之一”,故B项“认识”正确。
22.A.behind B.for C.before D.front
【选项分析】四个选项为介词,可推测本题考查句内的逻辑关系或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】A。词义辨析。behind“在⋯⋯之后,在⋯⋯后面”,for“为了”;before“在⋯⋯之前,先于”;front“前面”。由空格后“so much that was unfinished很多未完成的事情”可知这里指代“我将留下很多未完成的事情”,故A项正确。
23.A.description B.prescription C.inscription D.inspiration
【选项分析】四个选项均为名词词性的形近词。可推测本题考查句意和名词含义,换句话讲,如果不了解四个单词的含义,是无法从上下文和句子结构来得到答案的。
【答案解析】C。词义辨析。description“描述,描写”;prescription“药方,指示,惯例”;inscription“题词,铭文,刻印”;inspiration“灵感”。由空格后“on my tombstone在我的墓碑上”可知“题词”符合语境,故C项正确。
24.A.summed up B.concluded C.ended up D.shortened
【选项分析】四个选项为动词或者动词词组,意思相近,可推测考查句意。
【答案解析】A。词义辨析。sum up“总结,计算⋯⋯的总数”;conclude“做结论”;end up“结束,死亡”;shorten“缩短,减少”。由第23题的分析及空格前 “Grade of Incomplete未完成的状态”可知“总结”符合语境,故A项正确。
25.A.condition B.excuses C.exceeds D.exemplar
【选项分析】A、B、D为名词,C为动词的第三人称单数,本题可用句子结构的要求来排除选项,再凭借句意解题。
【答案解析】B。词义辨析。condition“条件”,excuse“借口,理由”:exceed“(动词)超过,胜过”;exemplar“模范,榜样”。由空格前“I regretted my delays(我后悔延误)”可知“借口”符合语境,故B项正确。
26.A.correct B.dorsal C.erratic D.right
【选项分析】四个选项均为形容词,可推测本题考查句意或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】D。由空格前“I wished that I had more time to do it all over again(我希望我有更多时间重来一遍)”可知这里指代“我希望我有更多时间去当地重来一遍”,故 “the right way恰当地”正确。
27.A.inferred B.imagined C.intended D.imitated
【选项分析】四个选项为动词,考查动词含义辨析。
【答案解析】C。infer“推断”;imagine“想象”;intend“打算”;imitate“模仿”。由空格前“But deep inside I felt such a wish was useless”与空格后“no recourse(不求助)”可推知,这里指代“我打算不求助”,故C项正确。
28.A.corrosion B.permeation C.intervention D.deterioration
【选项分析】四个选项为名词,A和D为近义词,可推测本题考查词汇辨析和句意。
【答案解析】D。词义辨析。corrosion“腐蚀,衰败”;permeation“渗透”;intervention“介入”;deterioration“恶化”。由第27题的分析“我打算不求助”与空格后“Too weak,too sick太虚弱,病得太重”可知这里指代“我打算不求助,而是选择在剩下的几个月里在逐渐恶化的状态中度过”,由此知D项“恶化”正确。
29.A.absorbed B.sobbed C.sorted D.sophisticated
【选项分析】四个选项为动词,形近词,可推测本题考查句意。
【答案解析】A。词义辨析。absorbed“专注的”;sobbed无此用法;sorted“完成的,已解决的”;sophisticated“复杂的,富有经验的”。由这里使用“too…to…太⋯⋯而不能⋯⋯”的短语及空格后“in my dying”可知这里指代“我专注于我的死亡”,由此可知A项“专注的”正确。
30.A.with B.for C.about D.onto
【选项分析】四个选项为介词,可推测本题考查句内的逻辑关系或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】B。固定搭配。由固定搭配“feel sorry for oneself(为自己感到难过)”可知B项正确。
31.A.physician B.assistant C.surgeon D.clinician
【选项分析】四个选项为名词,A、B、D为近义词,都表示从医人员。推测本题要考查对医生的精确称呼。
【答案解析】C。physician“内科医生”,assistant“助手,助理”;surgeon“外科医生”;clinician“临床医生”。由空格前“After the operation to remove the tumor(在摘除这个肿瘤的手术后)”可知这里指代“外科医生”,由此可知C项正确。
32.A.believe in B.believe C.entrust D.deprive
【选项分析】四个选项为动词和动词词组。A、B、C都与“相信,信任”有关。可推测本题考查近义词辨析。
【答案解析】B。believe in“信仰,信任”;believe“相信”;entrust“委托”;deprive“使丧失,剥夺”。由空格后“I thought he was humoring me(我认为他正在迎合我)”可知“相信”符合语境,由此可知B项正确。
33.A.along B.abreast C.alone D.afresh
【选项分析】四个选项为形近词,可推测本题不考查句子结构,考查的是句意。
【答案解析】A。由空格前“I thought he was humoring me(我认为他正在迎合我)”及固定搭配string along“欺骗,哄骗”可知A项正确。abreast“并肩地,并列”;alone“独自地,单独地”;afresh“重新”。
34.A.Gradually B.By and large C.Incidentally D.By accident
【选项分析】四个选项为副词或副词词组,可推测本题考查词组含义辨析和句意。
【答案解析】A。gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;by and large“大体上,总的来说”;incidentally“顺便,偶然,附带”;by accident“偶然,意外地”。由空格后“I began to believe that he was telling me the truth(我开始相信他告诉我了事实)”可知“渐渐地”符合语境,由此知A项正确。
35.A.beforehand B.ahead C.forecast D.underneath
【选项分析】四个选项中A、B、D都表示方位和顺序,C选项为实词(动词),由此可推测本题可以先从句子结构来判断答案,再辨析词义。
【答案解析】B。由空格前“I did indeed have a life(我确实还有一个人生)”可知这里指代“在我的前面”,故B项构成的“ahead of(在⋯⋯前面)”正确。beforehand“事先,预先”;forecast“预报,预示”;underneath“在⋯⋯的下面”。
36.A.experience of cancer B.brush with death
C.regrets D.hospitalization
【选项分析】四个选项分别表示对疾病不同阶段的描述和感受,可推测本题考查语义。
【答案解析】B。由第一段中的“I was sure my illness was fatal and certain that I was going to die”可知“我与死亡擦肩而过”更符合语境,故B项正确。experience of cancer“患上癌症的经历”;regrets“后悔,遗憾”;hospitalization“住院治疗,医院 收容”。
37.A.test B.quiz C.examination D.matriculation
【选项分析】四个选项中A、B、C都表示“测试,考试,检查”的近义词,D的含义与此有较大区别,为“录取入学”。
【答案解析】D。test“试验,检验”;quiz“课堂测验”;examination“考试,检查”;matriculation“录取入学”。由空格后“at my local college(在当地的大学)”可知“入学考试”符合语境,故D项正确。
38.A.an ability B.a discipline C.a profession D.a major
【选项分析】四个选项都为名词,意思各不相同,可推测本题考查语义。
【答案解析】D。an ability“一种能力”;a discipline“一个学科”;a profession“一种职业”;a major“一个专业”。由空格后“I’m still working on getting that degree(我仍然致力于获得那个学位)”可知这里指代“在一年内我选择了一个专业”,故D项正确。
39.A.vacation B.leave C.turn D.spare time
【选项分析】四个选项均为近义词,可判断本题考查语义或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】A。vacation“休假,假期”;leave“离开”;turn“转弯,变化”;spare time“消遣时间”。由空格前的“my children and I”与空格后的“we’d always talked about”可知A项构成的“take vacation(度假)”正确。
40.A.the latter B.the past C.yesterday D.the last
【选项分析】四个选项为时间和顺序的形容词,可判断本题考查逻辑关系。
【答案解析】B。the latter“后者”;the past“过去”;yesterday“昨天”;the last“最后的,最后一个”。由空格前的“At the end of five years I realized that I had rebuilt my life’s patterns.(在五年后,我意识到我重建了自己的生活模式)”与now可知“过去”符合语境,故B项正确。
2014年浙江大学真题
Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die.But people now live longer than they 1 .Yet,all living things still show the 2 of aging,which will eventually 3 death.Aging is not a disease, 4 as a person passes maturity,the cells of the body and the 5 they form do not function as well as they did in childhood and teenage years.The body provides less 6 against disease and is more 7 to have accident.A number of related causes may 8 aging.Some cells of the body have a 9 long life,but they are not 10 when they die.As a person ages,11 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.Other body cells die and are 12 by new cells.In an aging person the new cells may not be as workable or as capable 13 growth as those of a young person.Another 14 in aging may be changes within the cells 15 .Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic.This is 16 the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose.This is also the reason why old people 17 in height.There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells.Some complex cell chemicals, 18 DNA and RNA,store and 19 information that the cells need.Aging may affect this 20 and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
1.A.would B.be used to C.used to D.used
2.A.function B.effect C.affect D.sign
3.A.lead in B.give in C.run into D.result in
4.A.but B.so C.because D.then
5.A.hands B.feet C.heart D.organs
6.A.energy B.protection C.vigor D.power
7.A.likely B.probable C.possible D.alike
8.A.attend to B.contribute to C.add to D.devote to
9.A.fairly B.fair C.rather D.ratherly
10.A.replaced B.reborn C.recovered D.surrendered
11.A.a number B.the amount C.the number D.a great deal
12.A.replaced B.replacing C.to replace D.replace
13.A.to B.for C.of D.in
14.A.factor B.effect C.reason D.element
15.A.for themselves B.of themselves C.themselves D.on their own
16.A.why B.what C.which D.how
17.A.increase B.shrink C.lengthen D.decrease
18.A.such as B.for example C.with D.without
19.A.pass away B.pass by C.pass off D.pass on
20.A.improvement B.procession C.approach D.process
第一步:扫读:通过浏览前几句“Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die.But people now live longer than they 1 .Yet,all living things still show the 2 f aging,which will eventually 3 death.”可发现,第二句和第三句分别由but和yet表示语义的转折。前三句话的大意是:古往今来,人们必须接受死亡这个现实,但是现在人们活得比自己想象的长,然而衰老是无法避免的过程,人们最终仍然会面临死亡。由此大致可以确定,全文以死亡和衰老为主题进行论述。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
1.A.would B.be used to C.used to D.used
【选项分析】四个选项为used to的不同形式,由此可知本题考查动词的时态。
【答案解析】C。used to表示“过去经常做⋯⋯”,暗示现在并不如此,此处指过去的情况,选用used to正好与句意相符。would可表示“过去经常”,但不含“今昔对比”之意。注意used to与be used to的区别,后者意为“习惯于⋯⋯”,to为介词。D项之所以不对,是因为在以下词组中,当动词不定式省略时,通常要保留动词不定式符号to,如:used to,be going to,mean to,ought to,try to,plan to等。
2.A.function B.effect C.affect D.sign
【选项分析】四个选项的含义有近似的成分,B和C最相近,但词性有区别,所以将答案暂定在B和C之间。
【答案解析】B。根据下文中的定语从句所表示的意义进行判断,这里所填入的单词应该表示“衰老的结果”这一含义。effect意为“结果,影响”,正是此意。function意为“功能,机能,作用”;affect意为“影响,感动”,是动词;sign意为“标记”。解题时要注意effect和affect的拼写只相差一个字母,但effect是名词,而affect是动词。
3.A.lead in B.give in C.run into D.result in
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词词组)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义。
【答案解析】D。根据主句内容,which引导非限制性定语从句,which表示前面的“衰老的结果”,即衰老的结果最终导致死亡。result in意为“使发生,导致”;lead in无此搭配,当表示“导致”时,应为lead to;give in意为“让步,屈服”;run into意为“陷入”,常指陷入困境。
4.A.but B.so C.because D.then
【选项分析】很明显,本题考查逻辑关系,精读1~2句即可。
【答案解析】A。根据“衰老不是疾病”和后面的解释可知,两个分句为转折关系。因此本题正确答案为but。
5.A.hands B.feet C.heart D.organs
【选项分析】很明显,本题考查句意。
【答案解析】D。根据上下文及信息词cells可确定句中是指所有的部位(器官)。而其他三个选项指的都是身体的具体部位。
6.A.energy B.protection C.vigor D.power
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】B。protection意为“保护,保护物”,和介词against或from连用,意为“保护⋯⋯免遭⋯⋯”。这句话的句意为:身体此时的免疫力下降,易患病。energy意为“精力,活力”;vigor意为“力量,活力”;power意为“权力,力气”。
7.A.likely B.probable C.possible D.alike
【选项分析】四个选项都有“可能”的含义,考查词法。
【答案解析】A。likely、possible和probable三者都表示“可能”,均可以构成“It is possible/probable/likely+that”从句。但probable和possible不能用于“sb.is possible/probable to do sth.”句型中。alike意为“相似的”,不符合句意。
8.A.attend to B.contribute to C.add to D.devote to
【选项分析】如果四个选项(词组)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,
【答案解析】B。contribute to意为“有助于,起作用,促成”,符合题意。attend to意为“专心于”;add to意为“增加,把⋯⋯添加到⋯⋯”;devote to意为“致力于,献身于”。这四个词组中的to都是介词,要注意它和不定式符号to的区别。
9.A.fairly B.fair C.rather D.ratherly
【选项分析】根据选项可知,本题考查副词。
【答案解析】A。fairly意为“相当,十分”,fair意为“公平的”,rather意为“十分,相当”,常侧重于修饰负面含义的词汇,没有ratherly这种用法。故本题答案A。
10.A.replaced B.reborn C.recovered D.surrendered
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显。
【答案解析】A。此句与下文相对应,根据下文第11空之后出现的replace(代替)可确定该空选replaced;reborn意为“新生的,复活的”;recovered意为“恢复”;surrendered意为“屈服”。
11.A.a number B.the amount C.the number D.a great deal
【选项分析】四个选项都修饰名词,表示数量。考查词组的用法。
【答案解析】C。根据此句的谓语动词decreases可确定其主语应为the number,表示“⋯⋯的数量”,做主语时,应该使用单数谓语动词;a number of意为“许多,大量”,常用来修饰复数名词,做主语时,要使用复数谓语动词;the amount of意为“⋯⋯的数量”,常接不可数名词;a great deal of意为“大量的”,后接不可数名词。
12.A.replaced B.replacing C.to replace D.replace
【选项分析】四个选项是replace的各种形式,很明显此处考查句子结构。
【答案解析】A。此处意为“新细胞替换死亡细胞”,只能用replace。此处是被动语态,自然应该用过去分词形式replaced。
13.A.to B.for C.of D.in
【选项分析】四个选项均是介词,往往考查固定搭配或者介词的基本意义。
【答案解析】C。be capable of是固定搭配,表示“有⋯⋯的能力”。这句话的句意为:老年人的新细胞发展能力不如年轻人的强。其他介词均不能与capable搭配。
14.A.factor B.effect C.reason D.element
【选项分析】考查名词近义词辨析。
【答案解析】A。这一段的内容是和上段相对应的,所填的词相当于上段第一句中的cause,指造成一种事实或现象的原因,所以选用factor,表示“因素,要素”。其他几个词虽然语义相近,但所强调的重点并不相同。effect意为“结果”;reason意为“原因”,用来说明一种看法或行为的理由;element意为“元素”。
15.A.for themselves B.of themselves C.themselves D.on their own
【选项分析】考查反身代词的用法或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】C。由此可得出,空格处需填一个做同位语的名词或代词,四个选项中,就只有themselves可担当此任,即反身代词themselves做cells的同位语。
16.A.why B.what C.which D.how
【选项分析】考查从句引导词,即句子结构。
【答案解析】A。本题考查句意和从句引导词。这里要表示因果关系,故选why。
17.A.increase B.shrink C.lengthen D.decrease
【选项分析】考查句意。
【答案解析】B。根据句意,表“收缩”的只有shrink;increase(增加)和lengthen(变长)与题意均不符;decrease意为“减少”,一般强调量的减少,也不符合题意。
18.A.such as B.for example C.with D.without
【选项分析】四个选项分别表示“列举”“举例”“伴随”“无”。先排除without,其他三个选项都是肯定语义,只有D为否定,一般不是正确答案。
【答案解析】A。根据句意“DNA和RNA是chemicals的某种形式”可知,空格处表示列举的功能,且空格后没有逗号,因此正确答案为such as。for example表示举例,空格后需要用逗号隔开。
19.A.pass away B.pass by C.pass off D.pass on
【选项分析】考查动词词组与句子含义。
【答案解析】D。根据上下文内容可知此处应选pass on,表示“把⋯⋯传给另一个,转移”。句中store and pass on information指“储存和传递信息”,符合句意。其他三个选项都不符合句意。pass away意为“去世”;pass by意为“经过,从⋯⋯旁边走过”;pass off意为“逐渐消失,停止”。
20.A.improvement B.procession C.approach D.process
【选项分析】四个选项各不相同,则考查句子含义或者固定搭配。
【答案解析】D。从通篇文章所叙述的对人的衰老过程的分析,可知此处应该选填process,表示“自然的过程,进程”,符合上下文意义,即衰老可能影响这种进程和改变信息;improvement意为“改良”;procession意为“队伍,行列”;approach意为“方式,方法”。
第三步:回读检查。
2013年湖北省联考考题
The Economist Intelligence Unit(EIU)earnestly attempts to measure which country will provide the best opportunities for a healthy,safe and prosperous life in the years ahead. Its quality-of-life index 21 the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys—how happy people say they are—to 22 determinants of the quality of life across countries.Being rich helps more than 23 else,but it is not all that 24 ;things like crime,trust in public institutions and the health of family life matter too. 25 ,the index takes 11 statistically significant indicators into 26 .They are a mixed bunch:some are 27 factors,such as geography;others change only very slowly 28 time;and some factors depend on policies and the state of the world 29 .
Despite the global economic crisis,times have in certain respects 30 been so good. Output growth rates have been 31 across the world,but income levels are at or near 32 highs.Life expectancy continues to 33 steadily and political freedoms have spread across the 34 .In other ways,however,the crisis has 35 a deep imprint on unemployment and personal 36 .
After crunching its numbers,the EIU has Switzerland comfortably in the top spot,with Australia second.Small economies 37 the top ten,half of which are European.The Nordic countries shine, 38 the crisis-ridden south of Europe(Greece,Portugal and Spain)lags behind.The 39 European economies(Germany,France and Britain)do not do particularly well.America 40 back in 16th place.Despite their economic dynamism,none of the BRIC countries(Brazil,Russia,India and China)scores impressively.Among the 80 countries covered,Nigeria comes last:it is the worst place for a baby to enter the world in 2013.
21.A.relegates B.adds C.abdicates D.links
22.A.prejudiced B.objective C.fair D.neutral
23.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
24.A.counts B.implores C.diminished D.wavers
25.A.In turn B.In retrospect C.In all D.In progress
26.A.calculation B.account C.implementation D.discount
27.A.settled B.fixed C.controlled D.weighted
28.A.on B.in C.for D.over
29.A.atmosphere B.environment C.economy D.wellbeing
30.A.never B.already C.ever D.yet
31.A.accelerating B.declining C.recovering D.withdrawing
32.A.classic B.histrionic C.cubic D.historic
33.A.increase B.expand C.thrive D.expend
34.A.space B.country C.globe D.continent
35.A.made B.engraved C.created D.left
36.A.security B.identity C.invective D.scourge
37.A.stipulate B.distribute C.refute D.dominate
38.A.whereas B.until C.where D.unless
39.A.highest B.largest C.greatest D.richest
40.A.recedes B.trails C.languishes D.twists
第一步:扫读:从文章第一段和第二段的首句“The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)earnestly attempts to measure which country will provide the best opportunities for a healthy,safe and prosperous life in the years ahead.”可知,EIU正在努力测量哪个国家能在未来有最佳机会提供健康、安全的小康生活。全文肯定是以此为核心来展开描述的。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
21.A.relegates B.adds C.abdicates D.links
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。该机构评价生活质量的指数把民众生活满意度调查的主观指标联系在一起。A项relegate“归入,提交”;B项add“增加”;C项abdicate“放弃”;D项link“把⋯⋯联系起来”。根据下文的“…to 22 determinants of the quality of life across countries”可确定,评价生活质量的指数与满意度有关,故选D。
22.A.prejudiced B.objective C.fair D.neutral
【选项分析】prejudiced(有偏见的)、fair(公正的)、objective(客观的)是三个不同的态度词,本题并非考查词汇辨析,而是考查句中的态度线索。
【答案解析】B。此处说该调查把主观因素与客观因素联系起来了。A项prejudice“怀有偏见的”;B项objective“客观的”;C项fair“公平的”;D项neutral“中立的”。根据句意可知B正确。
23.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
【选项分析】四个选项都是不定代词,明显考查肯定或者否定。
【答案解析】A。有钱确实是所有因素里面最重要的一项,但也不是说有钱的人生活质量就高。本题考查more than anything这一短语,意为“最重要的是”。故选A。
24.A.counts B.implores C.diminished D.wavers
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。
【答案解析】A。有钱确实是所有因素里面最重要的一项,但也不是说有钱的人生活质量就高。A项count“算数,重要”;B项implore“恳求”;C项diminish“减少”;D项waver“摆动”。根据句意可判断出,金钱不是决定生活质量的最重要因素,选A符合逻辑。
25.A.In turn B.In retrospect C.In all D.In progress
【选项分析】生活质量指数总共考虑了11项有统计学意义的指标。A项In turn“轮流,依次”;B项In retrospect“回顾往事”;C项In all“总共”;D项In progress“在发展中”。由句中的11和takes…into…可知本题应选C。
【答案解析】C。四个词组含义各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
26.A.calculation B.account C.implementation D.discount
【选项分析】四个选项含义有相似之处,所以首先要考虑固定搭配。如果不是固定搭配的考点,则再看句意对单词辨析是否有要求。回到原文不难发现,本题考查固定搭配。
【答案解析】B。生活质量指数总共考虑了11项有统计学意义的指标。根据句子结构可知,本句有take into account“考虑”这一短语,故本题选B。A项calculation“计算”;B项account“考虑”,常用短语take into account;C项implementation“实现”;D项discount“折扣”。
27.A.settled B.fixed C.controlled D.weighted
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】B。这些指标五花八门:有些指标是固定不变的,如地理位置。A项settled“稳固的”;B项fixed“确定的,不变的”;C项controlled“受控制的”;D项weighted“加重的”。从geography可知,地理位置是不变的,故选B。
28.A.on B.in C.for D.over
【选项分析】四个选项皆为介词时,本题考查固定搭配或者介词常见的意义(每个介词本身都有其最初始的含义),无需过多理解句子含义。
【答案解析】D。也有随时间的推移变化较慢的指标;本处表达“随着时间的推移”,只有选项D正确。
29.A.atmosphere B.environment C.economy D.wellbeing
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。还有些指标受到国家政策及全球经济状况的影响。A项atmosphere “大气”;B项environment“环境”;C项economy“经济”;D项wellbeing“幸福”。根据逻辑关系可判断出,只有国家政策和经济状况才能影响指标的变化,故C正确。
30.A.never B.already C.ever D.yet
【选项分析】考查副词,可以先看副词修饰的形容词或者动词,看词义搭配。本题never/ever为频率副词,already/yet为时间副词,回到原文找到线索即可。
【答案解析】A。尽管当前全球面临经济危机,但从某些方面来看,现在确实是一个难得的好时代。根据句意可知,本题应用表示否定意义的副词。C项ever“曾经”;D项yet“然而”。C和D用在此处都不合适。
31.A.accelerating B.declining C.recovering D.withdrawing
【选项分析】A和B为反义选项,可初步判断答案在A和B之间。
【答案解析】B。虽然全球各国产出的增长率都普遍下降。A项accelerate“加速,促进”;B项decline“下降”;C项recover“恢复”;D项withdraw“撤退”。由下文的high可知,本题的答案应与其形成对照,故选B。
32.A.classic B.histrionic C.cubic D.historic
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。
【答案解析】D。但人们的收入水平却已接近或达到历史最高水平。A项classic“古典的”;B项histrionic“戏剧的”;C项cubic“立方的”;D项historic“有历史性的”。根据句意可知D项正确。
33.A.increase B.expand C.thrive D.expend
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。
【答案解析】A。平均寿命不断增加,全球也刮起了政治自由之风。A项increase“增加”;B项expand“扩张”;C项thrive“繁荣”;D项expend“花费”。根据句意可知A项正确。
34.A.space B.country C.globe D.continent
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。平均寿命不断增加,全球也刮起了政治自由之风。A项space“空间”;B项country“国家”;C项globe“地球”;D项continent“大陆”。上文提到global economic crisis,此处答案应与其相对应,故选C。
35.A.made B.engraved C.created D.left
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对动词的固定用法的考查。
【答案解析】D。然而,在其他方面,这场危机导致了失业率上升,民众的人身安全受到威胁。本题考查危机带来的影响,动词leave符合逻辑,leave a deep imprint on…“留下深刻烙印”,故选D。
36.A.security B.identity C.invective D.scourge
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】A。然而,在其他方面,这场危机导致了失业率上升,民众的人身安全受到威胁。A项security“安全”;B项identity“身份”;C项invective“恶言谩骂”;D项scourge“灾祸”。根据句意和词义辨析可知A项正确。
37.A.stipulate B.distribute C.refute D.dominate
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。前十名是一些小的经济体,有一半是欧洲国家。A项stipulate“规定”;B项distribute“分配”;C项refute“反驳”;D项dominate“在⋯⋯中占主要地位”。根据句意可知D项正确。
38.A.whereas B.until C.where D.unless
【选项分析】本题考查逻辑关系,只需精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】A。排名靠前的是北欧国家,欧洲南部(希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙)受到危机的影响,排名靠后。从句中的Nordic countries shine和south of Europe lags behind可知,二者形成对比,A项whereas“然而”正确。
39.A.highest B.largest C.greatest D.richest
【选项分析】四个选项均为形容词最高级,因此本题肯定不是考查形容词原级或者比较级,而是考查high/large/great/rich四个词的用法。如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】B。欧洲最大的几大经济体(德国、法国及英国)排名都不靠前。由主语European economies(Germany,France and Britain)可知,这几个国家都是最大的经济体,故B项正确。
40.A.recedes B.trails C.languishes D.twists
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。美国在该榜单中仅排在第16位。A项recede“后退”;B项trail“落后于”;C项languish“变衰退”;D项twist“拧,扭伤”。根据本句的back in 16th place和下文的economic dynamism可知,美国是衰退到第16位,故C项正确。
第三步:回读检查。
2013年北京大学真题
Ironically,the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left.In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors 26 being deposed by science,which they regarded as right-leaning.Postmodernism 27 ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is 28 and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer.Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued,neither more nor less 29 than others,like those of Aborigines,Native Americans or women.30,they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural 31 .This argument 32 with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted,leading to the“political correctness”justifiably 33 by Rush Limbaugh and the“mental masturbation”lampooned by Woody Allen.
Acceptance of this relativistic worldview 34 democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism.John Locke,one of Jefferson’s“trinity of three greatest men”showed 35 almost three centuries ago.Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism,each claiming to be the one true religion,and asked:How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge?In 1689 he 36 what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.Any claim that fails this test is“but faith,or opinion,but not knowledge”.It was this idea—that the world is knowable and that objective,empirical knowledge is the most 37 basis for public policy that stood as Jefferson’s foundational argument for democracy.
By falsely 38 knowledge with opinion,postmodernists and antiscience conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment era,leaving no common basis for public policy.Public discourse is 39 to endless warring opinions,none seen as more valid than another.Policy is determined by the loudest voices,reducing us to a world in which might 40 right—the classic definition of authoritarianism.
26.A.satisfied with B.angry with C.displeased at D.proud of
27.A.discounted B.doubted C.adopted D.shared
28.A.objective B.subjective C.cultural D.relative
29.A.variable B.valid C.valuable D.various
30.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Furthermore
31.A.assimilation B.inhibition C.representation D.oppression
32.A.resonated B.agreed C.appealed D.responded
33.A.liked B.approved C.verified D.hated
34.A.offsets B.produces C.undermines D.strengthens
35.A.when B.what C.why D.which
36.A.found B.defined C.dictated D.claimed
37.A.practical B.equal C.useful D.equitable
38.A.identifying B.equipping C.equating D.confusing
39.A.deduced B.introduced C.conduced D.reduced
40.A.decides B.causes C.makes D.creates
第一步:扫读:从文章第一段的首句“Ironically,the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left.”可知,当下被政治右翼势力利用的知识工具已经到了有害的程度,居然起源于左翼的学术力量。这肯定也是全文围绕讨论的核心。
第二步:分段精读解题并逐题解析:
26.A.satisfied with B.angry with C.displeased at D.proud of
【选项分析】四个选项为词组,与介词搭配没有关系,考查的是四种情绪状态,很明显,需要从句子中找到表示情绪的线索词。
【答案解析】C。句意:人文学科的教授对于自身被科学所废弃的现象不满,他们认为这是右倾。四个选项的意思分别是:satisfied with“满意的”,angry with“愤怒的,生气的”;displeased at“不高兴的”,proud of“自豪的”。根据文章要表达的意思,正确答案是C选项。
27.A.discounted B.doubted C.adopted D.shared
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。句意:后现代主义采纳了文化人类学和相对论的某些观点。四个选项的意思分别是:discount“打折,贴现”,doubt“怀疑”,adopt“采纳”,share“共享”。所以正确答案是C选项。
28.A.objective B.subjective C.cultural D.relative
【选项分析】A选项和B选项是反义项,但根据形容词解题原则来看,原句中选项对应的主语为truth,无法跟A和B搭配(因为我们无法说真理是客观的或主观的),故A和B均不 能选。
【答案解析】D。句意:真理是相对的,受制于观察者的假设和偏见。四个选项的意思分别是:objective“客观的”,subjective“主观的”,cultural“文化的”,relative“相对的”。根据这句话的意思,正确答案是D选项。
29.A.variable B.valid C.valuable D.various
【选项分析】A和B为近义词,均不能选。答案在C选项和D选项之间。
【答案解析】B。句意:科学只是认知的众多方式中的一种,并不比其他方式更有效。四个选项的意思分别是:variable“可变的,不定的”,valid“正确的,有效的”,valuable“重要的,有价值的”,various“不同的,多方面的”。根据句意推断,B选项是正确的答案。
30.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Furthermore
【选项分析】本题考查逻辑关系,只需精读1~2句话即可。
【答案解析】B。句意:并且,他们将科学定义为西方白种人的认知方式,而且是作为白人文化压迫的一种工具。此空格的前文说科学只是认知的众多方式中的一种。这句话接着说他们对科学的定义,由此可知前后文为递进关系。四个选项中只有D选项表示递进关系,所以正确答案是D选项。
31.A.assimilation B.inhibition C.representation D.oppression
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。参见第30题题干。四个选项的意思分别是:assimilation“同化”,inhibition“禁止,压抑”,representation“表示,表现”,oppression“压迫”。根据句意可知,正确答案是D选项。
32.A.resonated B.agreed C.appealed D.responded
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】A。句意:这个论点得到许多女权主义者和民权主义者的认同,并被广泛采纳,使得其“政治正确性”理所当然地遭到Limbaugh的仇恨,Woody Allen也讽刺其落入“意淫”窠臼。由这个句子中的“广泛采用”可推知,这一观点受到许多女权主义者和民权主义者的认同。B选项agree应与by搭配,表示受到某人认同。只有A选项与with搭配符合上下文意思,表示“得到共鸣”。所以正确答案是A选项。
33.A.liked B.approved C.verified D.hated
【选项分析】A选项和D选项为反义项,答案往往在其中。
【答案解析】D。参见第32题题干。这句话中后半部分and分句表示这一运动受到Woody Allen的讽刺,由此可以推断,空格处也是表示否定的意思。四个选项中只有D选项表示否定的含义,所以答案是D选项。
34.A.offsets B.produces C.undermines D.strengthens
【选项分析】C选项和D选项为反义项,答案往往在其中。
【答案解析】C。句意:接受这种相对主义的世界观会破坏民主,导致独裁主义。四个选项的意思分别是:offset“抵消”,produce“产生”,undermine“暗暗破坏”,strengthen“加强,强化”。此句后面说到这会导致独裁主义,由此可知这会破坏民主。因此正确答案是C选项。
35.A.when B.what C.why D.which
【选项分析】从选项可判断此处考查从句引导词,因此更多地要关注句子结构而非句意。
【答案解析】C。句意:John Locke是Jefferson口中的“三个伟人”之一,他三个世纪前就展示了为何会如此。前文说大约三个世纪前,展示了为何会出现这种情况的原因。所以正确答案是C选项。
36.A.found B.defined C.dictated D.claimed
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中发现,句意很明显,需要辨析四个单词的用法和含义。
【答案解析】B。句意:1689年,他对知识是什么以及它的依据何在进行了定义。四个选项的意思分别是:find“发现”,define“下定义”,dictate“命令,规定”,claim“声称”。根据句意,四个选项中只有B选项符合原文的意思。
37.A.practical B.equal C.useful D.equitable
【选项分析】四个选项词义各有侧重,因此需要考查句子本身的含义。
【答案解析】D。句意:世界是可知的、客观的,以经验为依据的知识是公共政策最公正的基础。四个选项的意思分别是:practical“实际的”,equal“平等的”,useful“有用的”,equitable“公平的,公正的”。前文一直在说民主,由此可推出,这一观点认为以经验为依据的知识是制定公共政策最公正的基础。因此可知答案是D选项。
38.A.identifying B.equipping C.equating D.confusing
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。四个选项的意思分别是:identify“识别,辨认”,equip“使(人)配备(必需品)”,equate“把⋯⋯视为,等同于”,confuse“混淆”。根据句意,正确答案是C选项。
39.A.deduced B.introduced C.conduced D.reduced
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】D。句意:公众话语权减少了无止境的敌对观点,没有哪一观点比其他观点更为有效。四个选项的意思分别是:deduce“推论,演绎出”,后面接from;introduce“介绍,引进”;conduce“有助于,有益于”;reduce“使⋯⋯沦落为”。根据句意可知,这句话含有否定的意思,四个选项中D选项最符合上下文意思,因此正确答案是D选项。
40.A.decides B.causes C.makes D.creates
【选项分析】如果四个选项(实词)各不相同,则需考量句子本身的含义,或者句子中是否有固定搭配。回到原文中一找,非常明显,本题为对句意的考查。
【答案解析】C。句意:政策由最强声音决定,将我们局限在一个强权决定公理的世界——这是独裁主义的另一个经典解释。四个选项的意思分别是:decide“决定”,cause“导致,引起”,make“使⋯⋯产生”,create“创造”。might makes right“强权即公理”。所以正确答案是C选项。