完形填空强化训练
Practice One
Man is the only animal that laughs.Why is this true?What makes us respond as we do to pleasurable experiences?What is the history of this“happy 1 ”,as someone once termed it,and just what is its function?
We are not short of theories to explain the mystery;for centuries,biologists, philosophers,psychologists,and medical men have sought a definitive explanation of laughter.One writer 2 that its function is to 3 others or to prove to be better than them by insulting them.Another took the opposite view:that we laugh in order not to cry.A psychologist offered the explanation that laughter functions as 4 for painful experiences, and that it serves to defend a person against what the psychologist termed“the many minor pains to which man is 5 ”.In the 17th century a writer set forth the theory that we laugh when we compare ourselves with others and find ourselves superior;6,we laugh at the weakness of others.
Virtually every theory has been concerned with either the structure or the function of laughter,whereas relatively few have been devoted to the question of its 7 .I propose to offer a theory which,so far as I am aware,has not previously been set forth:that only those animals capable of 8 are capable of laughter;and that therefore man,being the only animal that speaks,is the only animal that laughs.
Those of us who have observed chimpanzees closely feel quite confident that the chimpanzee occasionally exhibits behavior that looks very much like a primitive human laughter.This behavior,however,has been observed only in a human context; 9 it occurs under natural conditions is dubious;but 10 that under any conditions an ape is capable of such behavior is of more than passing interest—for does it not indicate that early man had the basics of laughter?
1．A．conviction B．condition C．convulsion D．contraction
2．A．theorized B．projected C．asserted D．hypothesized
3．A．evaluate B．stimulate C．imitate D．intimidate
4．A．a remedy B．a medication C．an anesthetics D．a placebo
5．A．accustomed B．exposed C．addicted D．attached
6．A．instead B．however C．in effect D．for instance
7．A．mechanism B．rationale C．source D．origin
8．A．speech B．judging C．thoughts D．communication
9．A．no matter if B．whenever C．however D．whether or not
10．A．a fact B．the very fact
C．an interesting fact D．the exact fact
答案与解析
1．【C】考查形近词辨析。本段首句主要是说laugh，可知空格处讲的也是快乐的笑的历史作用。C．convulsion（大笑，痉挛）与laugh同义，为正确答案。A．conviction（确信，信心），B．condition（状态）和D．contraction（收缩）为干扰项，与laugh的意思不符，填入空格后不能体现“笑”的面部特征。故选C。
2．【A】考查对上下文的理解。本段句首指出，解释这一神秘现象的理论并不少见；几百年来，生物学家、哲学家、心理学家和医护工作者一直在为“笑”寻求一个明确的解释。因此，可以推测，后面的句子应该是对各种“笑”的理论上的客观介绍。空格所在的句子是对其中一种理论的介绍。A．theorized（创建理论）表明短文在介绍一种理论，与本段句首的theories相对应，是正确答案。由本段首句definitive一词，可以推测，各方对自己理论的合理性都相当有把握，因而B．projected（预测）和D．hypothesized（假设）不合题意。C．asserted（断言）有主观色彩,与作者客观描述各种理论的语气不符。故选A。
3．【D】考查对上下文的理解和形近词辨析。本题空格所在的that从句的意思是：笑的作用是______他人或通过羞辱他人证明自己比他人优秀。从句中or表并列，前后表达的意思应该大致相近，因而，一旦“自己比他人优秀”，最有可能的表现就是威胁他人，故D．intimidate（恐吓，威胁）为正确答案。A．evaluate（评价）和B．stimulate（刺激）不合题意，C．imitate（模仿）为干扰项，亦不属于“笑”的作用。故选D。
4．【A】考查近义词辨析。本题空格所在的句子中有两个that从句，且由and连接，因而两个从句意思相近。第二个that从句提到“笑”帮助人抵御心理学家所谓的许多微小伤痛。因而本题空格部分应表达类似的意思。A．a remedy（治疗，补救）符合语义，在文中表达抽象意义上的疗伤，为正确答案。B．a medication（药物，药剂）多指具体的药物疗伤，C．an anesthetics（麻醉剂）和D．a placebo（安慰剂）不能体现“笑”的积极防御作用，三者皆不符合题意。故选A。
5．【B】考查对上下文的理解。上题已分析了空格所在句子的部分意思。此题需要一个限定many minor pains的词，many minor pains做is______to短语中to的宾语。空格所在的句子提到了“笑”对许多微小伤痛的抵御。A．accustomed意为“习惯的”。如若人们习惯了小伤痛，便不易察觉到小伤痛造成的伤害，亦不会积极抵御。因而A．accustomed不正确，与题意不符。另外，人们一般也不会对小伤痛上瘾或喜爱小伤痛，这与常理相违背，故be addicted to与be attached to不合适；B．exposed为正确答案。be exposed to意为“遭受”，符合题意。故选B。
6．【C】考查上下文的理解和衔接词的选择。空格前面的部分提到,“17世纪的一种理论便是：当我们和他人相比，发现自己优越时，我们会笑。”空格后面的部分意思为“我们嘲笑他人的软弱”。后者提到对别人软弱的嘲讽，隐含了自己的优越，和前者表达的意思一致。因而，C．in effect（事实上）是正确答案；A．instead（相反）和B．however（然而）表示转折关系，不符合逻辑。空格后面的部分不是例子，故D．for instance（例如）也不符合题意。
7．【D】考查对上下文的理解。本题空格所在的句子意思是：几乎每一种理论都讲到笑的构造和作用，而研究笑的______问题的研究却相对较少。因此，空格部分的词汇应该与构造和作用无关。A．mechanism（构造，机制）与structure意思相近，故不符合题意。短文第2段在提到“笑”的作用的时候，解释了人们为什么笑，故B．rationale（理由，逻辑依据）不符合逻辑。C．source和D．origin均指来源。前者多指起因或资料来源，后者多表起源。文章开始就提到“笑”的历史，后面部分又提到黑猩猩的笑，可知作者是研究“笑”的起源。故选D。
8．【A】考查对上下文的理解。本题空格所在的分句意思是：“只有会______的动物才会笑。”因此，空格部分应关乎“笑”的唯一条件。空格所在的分句后面又提到：“因此，人作为唯一能说话的动物，是唯一会笑的动物。”此句揭示了“笑”的条件：能说话。根据前后两句话的因果关系，可以推断A．speech（说话，言语）是正确答案。B．judging（判断），C．thoughts（思想）和D．communication（交流）不符合逻辑。
9．【D】考查语法结构。本题空格所在的分句中，is是谓语动词，故空格部分要求出现一个引导词，引导句子it occurs under natural conditions，从而使整个从句it occurs under natural conditions做is的主语。四个选项中，只有D．whether or not（是否）可以引导主语从句，符合条件。其余三个选项A．no matter if（无论是否），B．whenever（无论何时）和C．however（无论多么）通常用来引导让步状语从句，故选D。
10．【B】考查语法结构。本题空格所在的从句是同位语从句，而同位语从句前的先行词（此题中先行词为fact）多用定冠词修饰，故首先排除C．an interesting fact。另外，在同位语从句中，如强调先行词，在先行词前加形容词very，故排除D．the exact fact。A．the fact和B．the very fact皆符合语法和语义，区别仅在于后者表示强调。从文中可以看出作者十分注重这一事实，将此事实作为探究“笑”的起源的依据。故选B。
Practice Two
The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name 1 ,it combines biology and modern technology through such 2 as genetic engineering.Some of the new biotech companies,as they are called, 3 in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent（取得专利）seeds that give a high yield（产量）, that 4 disease,drought and frost,and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. 5 such goals could be achieved,it would be most beneficial.But some have raised 6 about genetically engineered crops.
“In nature,genetic diversity（多样性）is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering,Food and Our Environment.“A rose can be crossed（杂交）with a different kind of rose,but a rose will 7 cross with a potato…”Genetic engineering,on the other hand,usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to 8 a desired property or character.This could mean, 9 ,selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish,and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes 10 from bacteria,viruses,insects,animals or even humans.In essence,then,biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.
1．A．suggests B．recalls C．concerns D．advises
2．A．concepts B．views C．techniques D．courses
3．A．participate B．focus C．specialize D．involve
4．A．treat B．avoid C．oppose D．resist
5．A．If B．Unless C．Since D．As
6．A．demands B．topics C．concerns D．lessons
7．A．sometimes B．never C．frequently D．eventually
8．A．convey B．transfer C．select D．collect
9．A．for example B．for one thing C．on one hand D．in any case
10．A．resulted B．evolved C．injected D．taken
答案与解析
1．【A】动词词义辨析。空前的as在这里是介词，意为“根据，按照”，the name指代上一句的biotechnology。根据空后的combines biology and modern technology可知是对这个名词的解释，且这个解释是根据这个名字推断出来的。选项中，suggests意为“暗示，建议”，符合句意和逻辑。故答案为A。
2．【C】上下文语义。空前的such指代前面的biology and modern technology，根据这一信息判定，只有C项（技术）可以概括前面biology and modern technology的信息。故答案为C。
3．【C】动词词组辨析和上下文语义。focus一般与介词on搭配，可排除B项。participate in“参加；分享”；specialize in“专门研究⋯⋯”；involve in“参与；涉及”。根据空格所在句子的the new biotech companies，agriculture，specialize in与agriculture搭配符合前后逻辑，意为“专门从事农业的研究”。故答案为C。
4．【D】动词词义辨析。空格所在句是三个that引导的定语从句修饰seeds。根据空格前的信息give a high yield推断出后面的内容是能够抵御disease，drought and frost的种子。选项中，resist意为“抵抗；忍耐”，在农业领域中，常与disease，drought，frost等词搭配使用，意为“抵御疾病、干旱、霜冻”，且后文出现了frost-resistant的信息。故答案为D。
5．【A】逻辑关系。根据空格所在句子的信息判断such goals could be achieved是主句be most beneficial的条件。选项中，if可以引导条件状语从句，故A项符合句意。
6．【C】固定搭配。concerns与about为固定搭配，意为“对⋯⋯表示担心/忧虑”。
7．【B】词组辨析。前一句提到一种玫瑰花can be crossed with不同种类的玫瑰花，接着是but，要进行转折，根据后面的a potato的信息判定，此处应填入含有否定意思的词。只有B项符合要求。
8．【B】动词词义辨析。根据空格后面例子的解释，这一系列过程的目的是“转移”a desired property or character。convey指以某种方式或由某一“途径”将人或物运送至某地;transfer指把人或物从一处“转送”到另一处，故答案为B。
9．【D】上下文语义。B项和C项都是“一方面”的意思，一般放句首，排除。根据上下文的语义，此处使用具体的例子解释前面基因转移的过程。故答案为D．in any case，意为“无论如何”。
10．【D】动词词组辨析。result from“起因于；由⋯⋯造成”；evolve from“演变而来，从⋯⋯进化，从⋯⋯演变”；inject from“从⋯⋯注射”；take from“从⋯⋯取出”。要填入的动词与genes和bacteria，viruses，insects，animals or even humans搭配，根据句意，基因只能是从bacteria，viruses，insects，animals or even humans中提取出来，故答案为D。
Practice Three
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this 1 can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one.The ease with 2 people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 3 of growing importance in industry where automation 4 round-the-clock working of machines.It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 5 routine of sleep and wakefulness,sleeping during the day and working at night. 6 it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week.This 7 that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very 8 .
Recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their 9 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any 10 tonight work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose habit may persist through all weekends and holidays.
1．A．round B．circle C．period D．cycle
2．A．for B．that C．which D．as
3．A．matter B．trouble C．difficulty D．problem
4．A．reacts to B．calls for C．invites D．asks
5．A．regular B．reversed C．returned D．former
6．A．In comparison B．In a word C．Unfortunately D．Therefore
7．A．mean B．meaning C．meant D．means
8．A．happily B．easily C．good D．efficiently
9．A．favorite B．temporary C．normal D．new
10．A．tendency B．adaptation C．return D．change
答案与解析
1．【D】本题考查上下文语义和名词。各项的意思是：round“圆，圆形物”，circle“圆”，period“阶段，一段时间”，cycle“循环，周期”。空格处的意思是：我们现在关心的是在何种程度上循环可以改善。所以，答案是D。
2．【C】本题考查定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词做介词宾语时，从句常由介词置于关系代词前引导。空格处的意思是：轻而易举地把人们白天工作改为晚上工作。所以，答案是C。
3．【A】本题考查上下文语义和名词。各项的意思是：matter“问题”，a matter of“⋯⋯的事情/问题”，trouble“麻烦”，difficulty“困境”，problem“难题，困难”。空格处的意思是：一个日益重要的问题。故答案是A。
4．【B】本题考查上下文语义和动词。各项的意思是：react to“反应”，call for“需要”，invite“邀请”，ask“询问”。空格处的意思是：自动化工作需要机器昼夜不停地运转。故答案是B。
5．【B】本题考查上下文语义和形容词。各项的意思是：regular“有规律的”，reversed“反转的，颠倒的”，returned“被送回的”，former“以前的”。空格处的意思是：通常人们要花五天到一周的时间来适应一个相反的循环。这里谈论值夜班使正常作息颠倒。故答案是B。
6．【C】本题考查词组和逻辑关系。各项的意思是：In comparison“比较”，表示对比；In a word“总之”，表示总结；Unfortunately“不幸地”，表示转折；Therefore“因此”，表示因果。句子意思是：颠倒作息时间大约需要五天到一个星期，不幸的是，在工厂里这种轮班工作经常是每周一换。故答案是C。
7．【D】本题考查句子结构。此句的句子结构是“This（主语）+谓语+that”形式，主语是this，而且整篇文章用的都是一般现在时，所以这里就只能选择means，故答案是D。
8．【D】本题考查语义和副词。各项的意思是：happily“幸福地，愉快地”，easily“容易地，不费力地”，good“优良的，上等的；虔诚的”，efficiently“有效率地，有效地”。空格处的意思是：作息时间经常性的颠倒当然会降低工作和睡眠的效率。故答案是D。
9．【C】本题考查上下文语义和形容词。各项的意思是：favorite“喜爱的”，temporary“短暂的，暂时的”，normal“正常的”，new“新的，初见的，更新的”。空格处的意思是：在周末回到他们原来那种白天工作、晚上睡觉的常规作息时间。故答案是C。
10．【B】本题考查上下文语义和名词。各项的意思是：tendency“趋向，倾向”，adaptation“适应；改编”，adaptation(to)“（对⋯⋯的）适应性”；return“回来，返回”，change“改变，变化，转变”。故答案是B。
Practice Four
Scientists say they have found key clues into how long we will live.One of them is a 1 handshake.British researchers believe a strong grip is not just a sign of confidence but also an 2 of longevity.Lead author Dr.Rachel Cooper,of University College London, said her study looked into 33 different reports on the strength of handshakes.The research 3 more than 50,000 men and women and spanned 40 years.Dr.Cooper concluded that those with weaker handshakes were 70 per cent more likely to die earlier than those with the strongest handshakes.She concludes that people with strong grips may have benefited 4 a happy childhood that included a healthy diet and plenty of exercise.
The new study, 5 in the British Medical Journal,also found other signs of living a longer life.These“measures of physical capability”include walking at a faster 6,getting out of a chair quickly,and being able to balance on one leg.The study showed that slow walkers were almost three times 7 to die earlier than those who 8 out of their chairs.Dr. Cooper believes there needs to be more 9 into the link between physical capability and longevity.“Research that helps people to enjoy a long and healthy life is ever more important to help 10 an ageing population,”she said.
1．A．firm B．loose C．warm D．friendly
2．A．evidence B．indicator C．advantage D．opinion
3．A．included B．questioned C．examined D．involved
4．A．of B．from C．to D．for
5．A．disclosed B．revealed C．published D．declared
6．A．move B．rate C．ratio D．pace
7．A．likelier B．likely C．as likely D．as alike
8．A．struggled B．sprang C．skipped D．skated
9．A．research B．debate C．argument D．account
10．A．cater for B．cater with C．keep up D．keep out
答案与解析
1．【A】本题考查语义和词汇。空格后面一句中的“a strong grip”应该与前面是同义，四个选项中与strong同义的只有firm，故选A。
2．【B】本题考查语义和词汇。本句中的not just与but also是并列词，所以空格处应该与a sign of并列或者同义，故选B。
3．【D】本题考查上下文语义和动词。included“包含”，questioned“询问”， examined“检查”，involved“涉及，牵涉”。根据上下文可知，involved比较符合题意，故选D。
4．【B】本题考查词组搭配。benefit from“受益于”，故选B。
5．【C】本题考查上下文语义和动词。disclosed“公开，揭露”，revealed“显示”，declared“公开宣布的”。空格后面显示的是英国医学杂志，应该是新的研究发布在了英国医学杂志上。
6．【D】本题考查搭配。walking at a faster pace“步行速度更快”，故选D。
7．【A】本题考查比较级。由本句中的than可知本句是个比较级结构，应该选择比较级。故选A。
8．【B】本题考查固定搭配。sprang out of“从⋯⋯中跳出”，比较符合题意，故 选B。
9．【A】本题考查上下文语义和名词。more后面应接名词，本文一直在叙述长寿的研究。故选A。
10．【A】本题考查词组搭配。cater for“迎合”，符合题意，故选A。
Practice Five
My father was 1 a strong man who loved being active,but a terrible illness 2 all that away.Now he can no longer walk.And he must sit quietly in a chair all day.Even talking is 3 . One night,I went to visit him with my sisters,we started talking about life,and I told them about one of my 4 .I said that we must always give things up as we grow—our youth,our beauty, our friends—but it always 5 that after we give something up,we gain something new in its place.Then suddenly my father spoke up.He said,“But,Peter.I gave up 6 !What did I gain?”I thought and thought,but I could not think of anything to say.
7 ,he answered his own question:“I gained the love of my family.”I looked at my sisters,and saw tears in their eyes,along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also 8 by his words.After that,when I began to feel irritated at someone,I would remember his words and become 9 .If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others,then I should be able to give up my small irritations.In this way,I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I 10 what other things I could learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy.For now,though,I am grateful for this gift.
1．A．already B．still C．only D．once
2．A．took B．threw C．sent D．put
3．A．impossible B．difficult C．stressful D．hopeless
4．A．decisions B．experience C．ambitions D．beliefs
5．A．suggests B．promises C．seems D．requires
6．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
7．A．Surprisingly B．Immediately C．Naturally D．Certainly
8．A．touched B．astonished C．attracted D．warned
9．A．quiet B．calm C．relaxed D．happy
10．A．doubt B．wonder C．know D．guess答案与解析
1．【D】once意为“曾经”，与一般过去时连用，表示过去发生的事。already意为“已经”，常与现在进行时连用，表示已经完成的动作。still意为“仍然是”，与下文作者所讲的父亲得了重病相矛盾。only意为“仅仅”。
2．【A】take…away意为“把⋯⋯拿走”。因为得了重病，它把一切都带走了，表示父亲不再是一个强壮的人了。throw away意为“扔掉”，send away意为“发送”，put away意为“放好，储存”。
3．【B】difficult意为“困难的”，从上文中可以判断出父亲甚至说话都很困难。impossible意为“不可能的”，表示连说话也不会了，与下文矛盾。stressful意为“紧张的，压力重的”，hopeless意为“绝望的”。
4．【D】belief意为“信念，信仰”，内心承认某事是真实的，下文的内容表达了作者的信念。decision意为“决定”，experience意为“经历”，ambition意为“抱负，志气”。
5．【C】it seems that表示事物似乎是什么样的，作者认为似乎我们丢弃一些东西后，一些新的东西代替了原来的。suggest意为“表明”，promise意为“承诺”，require意为“需要”。
6．【D】everything意为“一切”，父亲认为他放弃了一切；something意为“一些东西”，anything意为“任何东西”，nothing意为“没有任何东西”。
7．【A】surprisingly意为“令人吃惊地”，比较父亲前后说的话可以看出，他的话真的是令人吃惊；immediately意为“马上”，naturally意为“自然地”，certainly意为“一定，必定”。
8．【A】touched意为“深受感动的”，表示听了父亲的话作者很感动；astonished意为“感到吃惊的”，attracted意为“具有吸引力的，引人注意的”，warn意为“警告”。
9．【B】calm意为“冷静”，表示作者想起父亲的话时就变得冷静下来。quiet意为“安静的”，relaxed意为“放松的”，happy意为“高兴的，幸福的”。
10．【B】wonder意为“想知道”，后接宾语从句，表示想知道的内容。doubt意为“怀疑”，know意为“知道”，guess意为“猜，认为”。
Practice Six
I am not convinced that this argument is particularly good news for elders who may be 1 to enjoy the time of their lives.What maybe good news is perhaps best forgotten by those who are 2 on from day to day,and getting by as best as they 3.Causation is itself an 4 matter for the unscientific mind.Which would you rather feel:that your cancer has been genetically 5 ,induced by stress or caused by viruses?Brought about by your own folly in smoking cigarettes,as Kirkwood himself appears to take 6 granted—brought about casually and spontaneously through the operation of chance?If it is put before them in this way,most people would rather not think about the matter at all.Kirkwood takes a different view,maintaining that the more we know about the 7 process,the more we can“ 8 a greater degree of personal control”.Common sense certainly tells us oldies to take it easy,to cut 9 a bit on food and alcohol and strenuous exercise,but we know this from the feel of our 10 rather than from what we read about the progress of science.
1．A．hop B．hopping C．hoping D．humming
2．A．boiling B．toiling C．chopping D．cutting
3．A．will B．should C．may D．can
4．A．unsettling B．unbelievable C．unworking D．understanding
5．A．patterned B．framed C．programmed D．planted
6．A．to B．for C．up D．in
7．A．age B．ages C．aged D．ageing
8．A．exercise B．dance C．repeat D．run
9．A．off B．down C．in D．up
10．A．minds B．partners C．bodies D．board
答案与解析
1．【C】hoping希望。本题考查情态动词的现在进行时。A选项是动词原形，排除。B和D选项的行为不适合elders。hop跳跃；hopping卖力的，忙碌的；humming嗡嗡叫。
2．【B】toiling苦干。本题考查动词词义辨析。boiling煮沸；chopping剁碎；cutting切下。这三项应有宾语，但上下文没给。toiling为不及物动词，适合该句语境。
3．【D】can尽所能。本题考查固定搭配：as best(as)one can尽全力。
4．【A】unsettling未解决的。本题考查相同首字母或前缀的用词辨析。unbelievable难以置信的；unworking闲着的；understanding理解的。
5．【C】本题考查因果关系。programmed被编程的；patterned图案的；framed加外框；planted种植。这三项都是从外部加入或植入的，与上文的“癌症基因”不成为因果关系。C选项的“编程”是内部组织病变，与“癌症基因”吻合。
6．【B】本题考查固定搭配take…for granted，意思为“认为⋯⋯理所当然”，不可做任何替换。
7．【D】ageing老化。本题考查定语结构，既然有形容词供选择，就排除了名词（A选项和B选项）。aged是静态的，而老化是一个动态过程，所以D是最佳选择。age年龄；ages很长时间（I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。）；aged年老的。
8．【A】本题考查动宾搭配。exercise行使，dance跳舞，repeat重复，run跑。这三个选项与宾语power不搭。
9．【B】本题考查动词短语搭配。（cut）down削减，（cut）off切断，（cut）in插嘴，（cut）up切碎。根据下文的“食品”，排除A和C选项，根据下文的“酒”排除D选项。所以只有B选项正确。
10．【C】bodies身体，minds思想，partners伴侣，board董事会。根据上文feel排除了B选项和D选项。根据下文的“不是通过阅览有关科技进步的内容而获得的感觉”排除了minds，因为minds属于超越感觉的理性思维，注重读书、研究和比较。
Practice Seven
Frank knew he was very ill.He spent days walking,sometimes as 1 as thirty miles in a day,trying to reason with the pain,and strange thoughts in his mind.Then,one night,he made up his 2 that he would go to the hospital and ask them to admit him.He reported to out-patients and asked to see a psychiatrist.
A junior doctor eventually examined him and 3 to Frank’s confused account of having been in hospital before,of how he thought he ought to 4 again because he was so confused and knew something was very wrong with him.The doctor did not admit him. Frank cannot remember 5 he was told that the hospital was full or that they simply did not believe him.“I felt I was completely alone.I thought there was 6 there to help.”
So Frank went back on to the streets to find a future of sleeping outside,the occasional 7 in hospitals,and sometimes prison whenever he was picked up for being drunk:drunk because it was the only way he could forget his condition.Frank had sought help and been turned 8 .Thousands of others like him can find no help 9 .They are the sufferers from long-term 10 illness that confuse the minds of their victims.
1．A．far B．long C．further D．distance
2．A．head B．brain C．mind D．heart
3．A．listened B．heard C．talked D．took
4．A．be admitted B ．admit
C．be admitting D ．have been admitted
5．A．weather B．whether C．that D．which
6．A．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody
7．A．shelter B．place C．room D．home
8．A．away B．to C．up D．down
9．A．too B．also C．either D．as well
10．A．as B．some C．alike D．mental
答案与解析
1．【A】本题考查as…as结构，意为“像⋯⋯一样”。30 miles指距离，四个选项中只有far和distant表示距离的“远”，但两个as之间只能用形容词和副词，故答案为A。
2．【C】考查固定搭配。make up one’s mind to do sth．意为“下决心做某事”。故选C。
3．【A】推断上下文可知，大夫应该是听Frank说的话。hear意为“听说”，且后面不接to，故答案为A。
4．【A】句意：Frank觉得这次他应该能被医院承认。所以admit要使用被动语态，符合的只有A、D两项。“情态动词+have done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事实的假设，与本句意义不符。故答案为A。
5．【B】本题考查宾语从句的连接词。remember之后的宾语从句应该是选择疑问句，故连接词应选择whether。
6．【C】本题考查不定代词的用法。Frank觉得他很孤独，所以应该是没有人陪。故应该选择nobody。
7．【A】原文可以翻译为“临时的住所”。只有shelter能够体现出他流离失所、无处容身的悲惨。故答案为A。
8．【A】turn away打发；turn to向⋯⋯求助；turn up出现；turn down关小，调低。句意：Frank寻求帮助却又被打发掉。故答案为A。
9．【C】四个选项都可以表示“也”。too和as well相近，一般用于肯定句中，多句末。also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。either用于否定句，放在句末。故此处应该选C项either。
10．【D】做完前面的几道题目，我们就能大致判断出这篇文章写的是精神病患者这一弱势群体。故此处应该填mental。故答案为D。
Practice Eight
A study has shown that fitness is the key 1 long life,irrespective of body shape or even smoking habits.Researchers discovered that people 2 exercise live longer than those who do not, 3 they are overweight and smoke.
The study found that the least fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times 4 to die within six years of the start of the research than the 5 .This was true whether or not the men had heart problems,smoked or were overweight.Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and 6 than skinny and sedentary（久坐的）.Dr Ken Cooper,a fitness expert,said,“You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and 7 regularly than being a non-smoker and sedentary.”Although he adds,“But don’t misunderstand me.I am not endorsing smoking.I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.”
8 ,the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30,000 people die prematurely every year in Britain from illnesses caused by being overweight.
The British Government is putting pressure on manufacturers 9 high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nation’s health.But the new study suggests the Government 10 more people to exercise.
1．A．to B．for C．of D．in
2．A．/ B．which C．whom D．who
3．A．if B．unless C．even if D．because
4．A．like B．likely C．less likely D．more likely
5．A．rest B．other C．fittest D．fitter
6．A．active B．lively C．still D．inactive
7．A．to exercise B．exercising C．exercise D．exercised
8．A．However B．So C．Although D．Furthermore
9．A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced
10．A．encouraged B．encouraging C．to encourage D．encourage(https://www.daowen.com)
答案与解析
1．【A】key to sth.意为“某物的关键、核心”。这句话的意思是“健康是长寿的关键”。
2．【D】本题考查定语从句连接词。先行词在从句中做主语，且是people，故选择who。
3．【C】整个句子的意思是：锻炼的人比不锻炼的人寿命长，即便他们体重超标且抽烟也不妨碍。故答案为C。
4．【D】本题的解题关键是前句中的“least fit”，意思是“健康状况最差的”。这样就能很容易地判断出本题应该选择more likely“更有可能”，故答案为D。
5．【C】通过than可以看出，本句话是在用最不健康的“least fit”与最健康的人做比较。故此处应该是“最健康”的才符合句意。故答案为C。
6．【A】本题考查并列结构。分析可知，fat与skinny是一对反义词，那么可以推断出空白处应与sedentary是一对反义词，所以空处应该是“活动的，运动的”的意思。首先排除后两项，又因为B项lively意为“活泼的”，与题意略有差异，故可以选出正确答案active。
7．【B】and是并列连词，连接的两边形式应该相同，前面是smoking，后面应该也是ing形式，故答案为B。better off意为“情况更好的”。
8．【A】本段引出了另一个研究报告与前文的内容有很大的冲突，所以这段逻辑关系是however。故答案为A。to fly in the face of意为“公然违抗⋯⋯；反对”。
9．【C】本题考查非谓语的用法。首先，分析句子结构，此处reduce的非谓语形式做状语，从语义上可以看出，做目的状语。因此这里应该用reduce的to do形式，也就是to reduce；从后半句and之后的to restrict也可以判断出来。故答案为C。
10．【D】本题考查suggest引导的宾语从句。当suggest意为“建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气（should+原形，should可省略）；当suggest表示“暗示”时，从句用正常语气。分析可知，本句中的suggest是“建议”的意思。故从句谓语是should encourage或者 encourage，因此答案为D。
Practice Nine
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But like some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.Laughter does 1 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 2 heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to 3 ,a good laugh is unlikely to have 4 benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.
5,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter 6 muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 7 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 8 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 9 one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 10 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also 11 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 12 muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips,which would produce a(n) 13 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 14 more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.15,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1．A．reflect B．demand C．indicate D．produce
2．A．stabilizing B．boosting C．impairing D．determining
3．A．transmit B．sustain C．evaluate D．observe
4．A．measurable B．manageable C．affordable D．renewable
5．A．In turn B．In fact C．In addition D．In brief
6．A．hardens B．weakens C．tightens D．relaxes
7．A．aggravate B．generate C．moderate D．enhance
8．A．physical B．mental C．subconscious D．internal
9．A．Except for B．According to C．Due to D．As for
10．A．unless B．until C．if D．because
11．A．exhausts B．follows C．precedes D．suppresses
12．A．into B．from C．towards D．beyond
13．A．disappointed B．excited C．joyful D．indifferent
14．A．adapted B．catered C．turned D．reacted
15．A．Eventually B．Consequently C．Similarly D．Conversely
答案与解析
1．【D】本题考查上下文语义和动词。上下文语境是“笑确实能______短期的改变”。A．reflect“反映”，B．demand“要求”，C．indicate“表明，暗示”，D．produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
2．【B】本题考查上下文语义和动词。文中提到“笑能够______心律呼吸速率”。A．stabilizing“安定，稳定”，B．boosting“促进，推进”，C．impairing“损害，削弱”，D．determining“决定”，语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
3．【B】本题考查上下文语义和动词。这句话的意思是：但是因为大笑很难______，一次狂笑不可能⋯⋯四个选项的含义分别是：A．transmit“传播”，B．sustain“维持”，C．evaluate“评估”，D．observe“观察”。根据语境，只有B符合语境。
4．【A】本题考查上下文语义和形容词。这句话的意思是：一次狂笑不可能像走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生______益处。A．measurable“重大的，重要的”，B．manageable“易控制的”，C．affordable“负担得起的”，D．renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有measurable，故A项是正确答案。
5．【B】本题考查逻辑关系。第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了⋯⋯作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系。A．In turn“轮流”，C．In addition“另外”，D．In brief“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B．In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
6．【D】本题考查语义搭配。空格前后的语境是“笑______肌肉”，A．hardens“使变硬”，B．weakens“减少”，C．tightens“使变紧”，D．relaxes“放松”，因为上文提到了“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了相反的作用”。“拉紧”的反义词只有relax，故D正确。
7．【C】本题考查语义搭配。这句话的意思是：这样的身体放松可能会帮助______心理紧张状态的影响。A．aggravate“加剧，恶化”，B．generate“使形成，发生”，C．moderate“节制，减轻”，D．enhance“增加”。根据上下文语境，只能是“减轻心理压力”，故C是正确选项。
8．【A】语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是：笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的______反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他______反馈”，应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是A。
9．【B】词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，语义应该是：根据一个经典的情绪理论，我们的情感部分来源于身体行为。A．Except for表示“除了⋯⋯”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；B．According to“根据，按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C．Due to“由于，因为”后面跟一般原因，D．As for“至于，就⋯⋯方面而言”用来转换话题和表明态度，故排除。
10．【D】本题考查逻辑关系。这句话的意思是：人们不会______他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们才变得伤心。伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D．because。
11．【C】本题考查上下文语义和逻辑关系。解题关键是although。although表示假设，让步。由上文提到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另一种情况：伤心也会在流泪之前，而A．exhausts“使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪”，B．follows“跟随”，C．precedes“先于，在⋯⋯之前发生（或出现）”，D．suppresses“压制；阻止；抑制”，均与语义不符。
12．【B】本题考查上下文语义和介词。由已知信息可知原文要表达“证据显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”。A．into“进入⋯⋯中，到⋯⋯里”，B．from“来自”，表原因，符合表达需要，故为正确答案。C．towards“向，朝”，D．beyond“超出，超过”，意思均不符合，故排除。
13．【A】本题考查上下文语义和形容词。由已知信息“用嘴含住一支笔”推测，这个动作会产生一种失望的表情。A．disappointed“失望的”，意思最符合。B．excited“兴奋的”，C．joyful“快乐的”，D．indifferent“漠不关心的”，都不符合语境，故排除。
14．【D】本题考查上下文语义和动词。A.adapted to“变得习惯于⋯⋯，使适应于⋯⋯”，B．catered to“迎合，满足某种需要或要求”，C．turned…to“转向”，D．reacted to“对⋯⋯做出反应”。根据原文表达的“在观看有趣的动画片时⋯⋯”，可知此处正确选项是D．reacted to。
15．【C】本题考查上下文语义和逻辑关系。上文提到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能会影响情绪”，后文又提到了“笑的生理行为可以使心情好转”，前后句解释的是同一种情况。A．Eventually和B．Consequently，都是作为“总结”的副词；D．Conversely表示“相反”；只有C．Similarly“相似的是”符合上下文逻辑，故为正确选项。
Practice Ten
Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is 1 a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has 2 .
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both 5 .
While 1%may seem 6 ,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”
The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now. 10 ,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Rinship”of being friends with 14 !
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution 15 than other genes.Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to 20 that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
1．A．when B．why C．how D．what
2．A．defended B．concluded C．withdrawn D．advised
3．A．for B．with C．on D．by
4．A．compared B．sought C．separated D．connected
5．A．tests B．objects C．samples D．examples
6．A．insignificant B．unexpected C．unbelievable D．incredible
7．A．visit B．miss C．seek D．know
8．A．resemble B．influence C．favor D．surpass
9．A．again B．also C．instead D．thus
10．A．Meanwhile B．Furthermore C．Likewise D．Perhaps
11．A．about B．to C．from D．like
12．A．drive B．observe C．confuse D．limit
13．A．according to B．rather than C．regardless of D．along with
14．A．chances B．responses C．missions D．benefits
15．A．later B．slower C．faster D．earlier
16．A．forecast B．remember C．understand D．express
17．A．unpredictable B．contributory C．controllable D．disruptive
18．A．endeavor B．decision C．arrangement D．tendency
19．A．political B．religious C．ethnic D．economic
20．A．see B．show C．prove D．tell
答案与解析
1．【D】该题考查语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容（what），不是指研究的时间（when）、原因（why）和方式（how），因此，该题的答案为what。
2．【B】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is______中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。
3．【C】本题考查固定搭配。根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932个独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1,932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表达。
4．【A】该空格所在的句子是which引导的定语从句修饰study，意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行______。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为compared。
5．【C】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第5个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程和实验对象，第5个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类______。所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的samples（样例）。因此，答案是samples。
6．【A】该空的语境为：尽管这1%看起来似乎______，但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空格前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知，遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的，故答案为A。
7．【D】空格处的语境为：大多数人甚至不______他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些 8 我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项代入，只有D选项符合上下文语义。
8．【A】空格处的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些____我们亲戚的人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择A。
9．【B】空格处所在的句子开头用“The study…”，显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有1%的基因关系，而空格所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在进一步详细讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案为B。
10．【D】从选项和句子结构可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空格后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显是矛盾的，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，故答案为D。
11．【B】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级，可见和前文形成比较关系，因此和上半句介词保持一致，用介词to。该句意为：它（这种相似性）吸引我们到相同的环境，并且使我们更为相似。因此答案为to。
12．【A】该句意思为：很多机制共同作用，从而______我们选择基因相似的朋友， 13 和 14 交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构 “______sb.in doing sth”，B选项observe（观察，遵守）和C选项confuse（困惑）均无此用法。符合该结构的只有A选项drive（驱使）和D选项limit（限制）。根据上下文可知：这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友，符合文章主题。limit为反向干扰。因此答案为drive。
13．【B】所填词为逻辑关系短语，空前说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“实用关系”的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，故锁定B选项rather than。A选项according to（根据）没有体现对立及取舍关系，因此排除；C选项regardless of（不管）表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除；D选项along with（伴随）表顺接，故排除。
14．【D】根据前文functional kinship(实用关系)可得出D选项benefits（利益），前后形成呼应。A选项chances（机会）、B选项responses（反应）、C选项missions（使命）均不符合题意。故答案为benefits。
15．【C】该句为：…evolving______than other genes（比其他基因进化得______）.根据同词复现的原则，我们找到该段第二句话：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years（人类进化在过去3万年间提速）。C选项faster与下文picked pace（加速）形成呼应，故答案为faster。
16．【C】此题考查动词。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”，表示这一研究的结果和意义。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C选项understand。A选项forecast“预测”与“过去三万年”相矛盾，B选项remember“记住”和D选项“express”均不符合文意。
17．【B】此空需要填入一个形容词，表达社会环境对人类进步所起到的作用。help，pick pace这两个词表达的都是积极的含义，因此此处需要填入一个带有褒义感情色彩的词，因此排除A选项“不可预测的”和D选项“破坏性的”；而C选项“可控的”，与语义无关；因此正确答案为B选项contributory“促进的”。
18．【D】此处进一步陈述这一研究的结论。A选项“努力”，B选项“决定”，C选项“安排”，D选项“倾向”。本文的主旨重在解释人们在交朋友时的不自觉的一种倾向，而非通过人为的有意识的举动来选择朋友。因此正确答案为D。
19．【C】结合文意可知，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人交朋友。C选项ethnic意为“种族的，民族的”，是对上文中多次重复出现的genes，以及下文的the same population的同义复现。因此正确答案为C。A选项“政治的”，B选项“宗教的”，D选项“经济的”均不符合原文文意。
20．【A】此处考查动词，动词要看前后搭配。see that构成固定词组，意为“务必使⋯⋯”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受访者都拥有欧洲血统，（研究者们）仍然悉心确保所有的受访者、朋友和陌生人都来自于同一群种。选项B“展示”，选项C“证明”，选项D“辨别”均无此含义，且不符合文意。
Practice Eleven
Directions:Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below.Change the word form where necessary.Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling in any of the blanks.Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on Answer Sheet(2).
democracy overcome modern place anticipate imagination online regular
perform access different offer make big revolution flexibility traditional
possess motivate difficult
Learning shouldn’t be limited to a campus or a classroom anymore.If you have two children and a job,you’re just not going to 1 it to a college classroom three nights a week. And then there’s the issue of cost.If you don’t have the money to go to a 2 college,does that mean that you shouldn’t receive an education?Of course not.You should have a shot at the good life,just like anybody else.
The Internet has brought 3 to education.A bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree is now available to anybody,anywhere,regardless of a person’s position in life.Thanks to the Internet,education is accessible without regard to 4 .You can work toward a bachelor’s degree while serving your country on a submarine.And it’s accessible without regard to time: You can take courses after your shift ends,even if that’s at 2 am.
What’s the 5 obstacle to online learning?It isn’t technology.Companies are spending billions of dollars globally to build an online-learning infrastructure that includes undersea cables.And competition among providers is driving price down.The real bottleneck is cultural.What needs to be 6 is resistance to the idea of online learning.
The accreditation of Jones International University in March 1999 was a shot heard around the world.Nobody 7 that a totally online university could become accredited.That event has put real pressure on traditional institutions to move into the Third Wave.
Innovative instructors at institutions worldwide are discovering potential of the 8 environment to deliver instruction of the highest quality to people who would otherwise have limited 9 to higher education.This is an exciting and challenging time in education.
Simply defined,online education refers to courses 10 via the Internet.The minimum requirement for students to participate in an online course is access to a computer,the Internet,and 11 to succeed in a nontraditional classroom.Online learning systems have 12 the way people can take classes.Unlike traditional courses in which the students and instructor meet face-to-face once or several times a week,most of the learning activities and communication in an online course are asynchronous,meaning that class members participate in and complete their assignments at 13 times throughout the day and week.This arrangement can make it possible for you to do your class work when it’s most convenient for you.However,with this increased freedom and 14 comes responsibility.Without the structure of 15 class meeting,it will be up to you to pace yourself and keep up with assignments. 答案与解析
1．make
【题干】一周3个晚上的大学课，你没有时间去听。
【解析】此句应填make，make it to“赶上”。
2．traditional
【题干】如果你没钱上大学，就意味着你受不到教育了吗？
【解析】从语义关系上判断此处讲的是传统意义上的大学，即traditional college，故应用traditional。
3．democracy
【题干】网络给教育带来民主。
【解析】从下文的“A bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree is now available to anybody”可知，网络使得教育普及化，故答案为democracy。
4．place
【题干】幸亏有了网络，不用考虑地点的限制就能接受教育。
【解析】without regard to意为“不考虑”，由下文的“You can work toward a bachelor’s degree while serving your country on a submarine.”可判断出此处应填入place。
5．biggest
【题干】网络学习的最大障碍是什么？
【解析】第三段讲述网络学习的情况，从语义分析可知最高级biggest符合逻辑。
6．overcome
【题干】需要战胜对网络学习的抵触情绪。
【解析】从句子结构可知本题应填入过去分词，从语义分析可知，此处应表达“克服，战胜”抵触心理，所以答案为overcome。
7．(had)anticipated
【题干】完成所有网络大学课程的人没有得到认可。
【解析】从句意和语法结构可知anticipated合适。
8．online
【题干】全世界的教育创新机构在开发在线网络环境的潜力。
【解析】从下文的“…to people who would otherwise have limited 9 to higher education”可知，教育创新机构只有开发出在线网络的潜力，才能迎合人们的需求。
9．access
【题干】为了给人们传达高质量的教育，全世界的教育创新机构在开发在线网络环境的潜力，否则很多人就不能获得应有的高等教育。
【解析】本题考查access to这一短语。
10．offered
【题干】简单来讲，即网络教育说的是通过网络提供的课程。
【解析】从句子结构和语义关系可判断应用offered。
11．motivation
【题干】在非传统的教室里成功学习的积极性。
【解析】本题应用名词，从备选词判断可知motivation符合逻辑。
12．revolutionized
【题干】在线学习彻底改变了人们上课的模式。
【解析】从语义分析可知网络学习与传统模式不同，再由have可知，本题答案应为过去分词，故答案为revolutionized。
13．different
【题干】这意味着班级成员在整天和整周不同的时间段参加并完成他们的学习任务。
【解析】从句意可知different符合逻辑。
14．flexibility
【题干】然后，增加了自由和灵活性，也带来了责任。
【解析】从freedom可知，本题的答案应与它相似，故应用flexibility。
15．regular
【题干】没有常规的班会组织，这也会鞭策你前进，并赶上进度。
【解析】此处需要填入形容词，用来修饰class meeting，选项中只有regular符合条件。
Practice Twelve
Directions:Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage.Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.
As children we start 1 a natural curiosity about everything around us,and during the maturation process this curiosity can be stimulated,buffered or severely attenuated by our environment and experience.The future success of research in science and engineering depend 2 our society recognizing the crucial role played by stimulation of mental processes early in life.Pattern recognition, analytical thinking and similar abilities need to be stimulated from birth onward. To destroy this natural curiosity or to attenuate the joy of discovery is the greatest disservice we do 3 the developing person.
For those who reach maturity with their natural curiosity intact and enhanced by education,the joy of discovery is a strong driver of success.But why are so 4 of our capable students pursuing the level of education required for a successful research career? Is it 5 we have dampened their curiosity?Have we failed to let them experience the joy of discovery?Is it because too many of us currently involved 6 the research enterprise have become disenchanted with our circumstances and therefore paint a bleak future for potential scientists and engineers?Perhaps entirely different factors are 7 play in the decision to not become scientists and engineers.
We have too frequently portrayed science and engineering as professions that are all-encompassing.We have portrayed research as a 8 that requires long and grueling hours in the laboratory to achieve success.We have 9 to promote the excitement and exhilaration of discovery.We have not promoted the fact that it is not only very common but 10 very reasonable to have a successful research career and an exciting and normal personal life.
答案与解析
1．with
【题干】当我们还是孩子时，我们开始对周围的一切有一种本能的好奇。
【解析】本题考查的是start with这一短语，意为“从⋯⋯开始”，从句意可知答案为with。
2．on
【题干】理工科未来的研究成绩取决于我们的社会能否认识到，在生命早期，对心理历程的激励所起到的关键作用。
【解析】由此空前面的动词depend可确定本题应为on，depend on意为“取决于”。
3．to
【题干】消灭天生的好奇心或削弱研究的乐趣，这对于我们成长中的个体来说，是最大的伤害。
【解析】根据句意，此处的答案应表示行为或情感针对的目标，故应用to。
4．few
【题干】为什么没有几个有能力的学生为做一名成功的研究员所应具备的学历而继续深造？
【解析】本句的答案用来修饰可数名词students，并用于疑问句，故few合适。
5．because
【题干】这是因为我们抑制了他们的好奇心吗？
【解析】从上句的why可判断此处应选择because。
6．in
【题干】是因为很多人当前在研究领域任职，已对我们的当前环境不抱幻想，因此为潜在的科学家和工程师勾勒了一幅黯淡的未来画卷吗？
【解析】本题考查与involve搭配的介词，从句意可知应该用in，意为“参与”。
7．at
【题干】也许很多不同的因素在决定不做科学家和工程师方面起着作用。
【解析】从句子结构different factors are______play以及语义可知，答案为at。
8．profession
【题干】我们把研究描绘成一种职业，需要长时间地待在实验室才能取得成功。
【解析】根据句意可知，此处把研究描述成“职业”，并强调专业性，故应用profession。
9．failed
【题干】我们未能提升发现新知的兴奋感和愉悦感。
【解析】从上句的“…that requires long and grueling hours”和下句的“We have not promoted the fact that…”可知，此处应选择具有否定意义的词，并能与to连用，故failed合适。
10．also
【题干】我们没有宣传这样的事实：对于成功的研究工作和幸福而普通的个人生活来说，理工科不仅普通，而且非常合理。
【解析】从前面的not only，以及空前的but可知，本题应填入also，构成not only…but also结构。