2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick. B.She is bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry. D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.The man is busy. B.The man has trouble breathing.
C.The man is out of town on business. D.The man is hiding himself from the woman.
2.A.He has a terrible backache. B.He has a bad headache.
C.He has a toothache. D.He has a diarrhea.
3.A.It is fast. B.It is slow.
C.It works well. D.It is not working.
4.A.Four days. B.Ten days.
C.One week. D.Two weeks.
5.A.He is a lawyer. B.He is a doctor.
C.He is a travel agent. D.He is an immigration offcer.
6.A.Sunday. B.Tuesday.
C.Thursday. D.Saturday.
7.A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
8.A.To X-ray his chest. B.To hospitalize him.
C.To perform a minor surgery. D.To transfer their guests.
9.A.To go shopping. B.To go back to work.
C.To change their topic. D.To entertain their guests.
10.A.The man is working too hard. B.The man needs to think it over.
C.The man is supposed to fnd a job. D.The man has made a right decision.
11.A.Discussing a case. B.Defying a diagnosis.
C.Performing a surgery. D.Talking with the patient.
12.A.The woman’s classmate. B.The woman’s boyfriend.
C.The woman’s brother. D.The woman’s teacher.
13.A.The man is a liar. B.The man is jealous of Lisa.
C.She does not agree with the man on that. D.She will surely do the same as Lisa does.
14.A.250 yuan. B.450 yuan.
C.650 yuan. D.850 yuan.
15.A.She disagrees with the man there. B.She is going to change her mind.
C.It is out of the question to do that. D.It is possible to forgive him.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.Liver failure. B.Breast cancer.
C.Kidney failure. D.Diabetes out of control.
17.A.Shape. B.Color.
C.Price. D.Size.
18.A.It is much smaller than a microwave. B.It leaves much room for reduction.
C.It is widely used in the clinic. D.It is perfect.
19.A.It is under a clinical trial. B.It is available in the market.
C.It is widely used in the clinic. D.It is in the experimental stage.
20.A.The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.
B.The further development of the machine is in fnancial trouble.
C.The federal government fnances the research.
D.The machine will come into being in no time.
Passage Two
21.A.Suicide. B.Obesity. C.Turmoil. D.Drug abuse.
22.A.Preventable. B.Destructive. C.Treatable. D.Curable.
23.A.Combining antidepressants and talk therapy.
B.Promoting the transmission between neurons.
C.Winning parental assistance and support.
D.Administering effective antidepressants.
24.A.Because it adds to the effect of treatment.
B.Because it works better than the medications.
C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.
D.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.
25.A.65 per cent. B.75 per cent. C.85 per cent. D.95 per cent.
Passage Three
26.A.Helplessness and worthlessness. B.Feeling like a loser.
C.Suicidal feeling. D.All of the above.
27.A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.
B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.
C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.
D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.
28.A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.
B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.
C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.
D.By changing the patient’s perspective.
29.A.Those who stop taking antidepressants. B.Those who ask for more medications.
C.Those who are on the medications. D.Those who abuse the medications.
30.A.Anxiousness. B.Nausea. C.Fever. D.Insomnia.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the statements are incomplete，beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the____of their behavior as medical professionals.
A.transaction B.transformation C.transmission D.transparency
32.He seemed most____to my idea which was exceptionally creative.
A.alien B.ambulant C.amiable D.amenable
33.The frst attempts at gene therapy have mostly____，but technique will surely be made to work eventually.
A.stumbled B.stammered C.stridden D.strutted
34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and____for fatty foods.
A.preference B.persistence C.intolerance D.appetence
35.By sheer____，I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.
A.coincidence B.coherence C.collaboration D.collocation
36.As the drugs began to，the pain began to take hold again.
A.wear B.put off C.call off D.show off
37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the____medical technologies.
A.approaching B.impracticable C.sophisticated D.transient
38.At last she____some reasons for his strange behavior.
A.abolished B.admonished C.abstained D.adduced
39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from____to the grave.
A.conception B.reception C.deception D.perception
40.In more____examinations，the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machine for abnormities.
A.concise B.devious C.elaborate D.feasible
Section B
Directions：In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined，beneath which are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.
A.embarrassingly B.reluctantly C.clumsily D.dizzily
42.Throughout most of the recorded history，medicine was anything but scientifc.
A.more or less B.by and large C.more often than not D.by no means
43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.
A.illuminated B.fascinated C.alienated D.hallucinated
44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data，a product or a fnancial reward.
A.intelligible B.infnitive C.substantial D.defcient
45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are diffcult or unhealthy to sustain over time.
A.maintain B.reserve C.conceive D.empower
46.The molecular infuence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.
A.specialties B.principles C.rationales D.doctrines
47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through somatic manifestations.
A.juvenile B.potent C.physical D.matured
48.His surgical procedure should succeed，for it seems quite feasible.
A.rational B.reciprocal C.versatile D.viable
49.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefts of special care and experience.
A.irresistibly B.vitally C.potentially D.intriguingly
50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medical advances.
A.tends B.techniques C.notions D.breakthroughs
Part ⅢCloze（10%）
Directions：In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank，there are choices marked A，B，C and D listed on the right side of the passage.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a（n） 51 about culture shock they think that it’s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn’t really true.Culture shock is a completely natural 52 ，and everybody goes 53 it in a new culture.
There are four stages，or steps，in culture shock.When people frst arrive in a new country they’re usually excited and 54 .Every-thing is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are 55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.
In Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture.They become confused.It seems diffcult to do even very simple things.They feel 56 .They spend a lot of time 57 or with other people from their own country.They think“My problems are all because I’m living in this country.”
Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs.They 58 some people in the new country.They’re 59 comfortable and relaxed.
In Stage Four they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture.They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but that’s OK.They can 60 it.
51.A.account B.refection
C.verifcation D.misconception
52.A.transition B.exchange
C.immigration D.selection
53.A.for B.through
C.after D.about
54.A.frightened B.confused
C.uneasy D.happy
55.A.representative of B.different from
C.peculiar to D.similar to
56.A.intoxicated B.depressed
C.amazed D.thrilled
57.A.lonely B.alone
C.lone D.only
58.A.make friends with
B.make transactions with
C.hold hostility to
D.shut the door to
59.A.hardly B.more
C.very D.less
60.A.live with B.do without
C.hold up with D.make a success of
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this part there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don’t wake up， concludes a new study.
Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of thoughts that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confrm such fndings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefy have regained consciousness in the course of operations.
Gitta Lubke，Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis，a technique which measures changes in brainwave pattern in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery.“Before this study researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation，”says Lubke.
Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery，many of whom were too seriously injured to tolerance full anesthesia.During surgery each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each.At the same time bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.
After the operation Lubke tested the patients by showing them the frst three letters of a word such as“limit”，and asking them to complete.Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit”，for example—chose that word an average of 11 percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.
Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.
This fnding which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet.“What they say during surgery may distress patient afterwards，”says Philip Merikle，a psychologist at the University of Waterloo，Ontario.
61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia____.
A.is likely to affect hearing
B.cannot block surgeons’words
C.can cause serious damages to memory
D.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories
62.By the new study the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists____.(https://www.daowen.com)
A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgery
B.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memories
C.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgery
D.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery
63.To test the patients the scientists____.
A.prepared two lists of words
B.used ninety-six headphones for listening
C.conducted the whole experiment for three minutes
D.voiced only the frst three letters of sixteen words during surgery
64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients____.
A.to regain consciousness under the knife
B.to tell one word from another after surgery
C.to recall what had been heard during surgery
D.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations
65.What we can infer from the fnding is____.
A.how surgeon malpractice can be prevented
B.why a surgeon cannot be too careful
C.why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery
D.how the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories
Passage Two
Scientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons，but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats，birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important，for fnding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s in which neurons are destroyed.
Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus，a structure involved in learning and memory.But they rarely survive more than a few weeks.“We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input，”says Elizabeth Gould，a neuroscientist at Princeton.Because of the location，Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’survival，and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.
To test this，they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked.Later，they gave some of the rats standard tasks.One involved using visual and spatial cues，such as posters on a well，to learn to fnd a platform hidden under murky water.In another，the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later.Both these tasks use the hippocampus—if this structure is damaged，rats can’t do them.
Meanwhile，the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus fnding a platform that was easily visible in water，for instance.Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.
The team reported in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others.“Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons，”says Gould.
But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla，California，dispute this.In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience，they reported that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.
Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times.She gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled.When the new cells would normally be dying，she thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to beneft.“By the time the cells were degenerating，the animals were not learning anything，”she says.
66.Not until recently did scientists fnd out that____.
A.new neurons could grow in adult brains
B.neurons could be man-made in the laboratory
C.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer’s disease
D.humans could produce new neurons as animals
67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neurons____.
A.did survive longer than expected
B.would die much sooner than expected
C.could actually better learning and memory
D.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus
68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test？
A.The water used. B.The noises played.
C.The neurons newly born. D.The hippocampus involved.
69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was due to____.
A.the timing of labeling new neurons B.the frequency of stimulation
C.the wrongly labeled neurons D.the types of learning tasks
70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？
A.Use It or Lose It B.Learn to Survive
C.To Be or Not to Be D.Stay Mentally Healthy
Passage Three
Here’s yet another reason to lose weight.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.
That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers.In the U.S.，car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they infate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children.But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.
A study carried out in Seattle，Washington，looked at more than 26，000 people who had been involved in car crashes，and found that heavier people were at far more risk.People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilograms.
And importantly，the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index（BMI） —a measure that takes height as well as weight into account.Someone 1.8 meters tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39，but so would a person 1.5 meters tall weighing 88 kilograms.People are said to be obese if their BMI is 30 or over.
The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about 20.It’s not just total weight，but obesity that’s dangerous.
While they do not yet know why this is the case，the evidence is worth pursuing，says Charles Mock，a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle，who led the research team.He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use—heavier crash-test dummies when certifying cars are safe to drive.
Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78 kilograms.Recently，smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars.But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used，the U.S.National Highway Traffc Safety Administration in Washington，D.C.told New Scientist.
The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear.Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people.Or obese people，with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes，could be fnding it tougher to recover from injury.
71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure，the American car manufactures____.
A.found it hard to set standards without the defnition of obesity
B.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengers
C.based their job on the information of car accidents
D.actually neglected smaller women and children
72.When they categorized the obese people，the researchers____.
A.showed a preference for BMI in measurements
B.achieved almost the same results as previously
C.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMI
D.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes
73.To address the problem，Mock____.
A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummies
B.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummies
C.reduced the weights of crash test dummies
D.encouraged obese people to lose weight
74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates，Mock would most probably say that____.
A.cars can be made safer to avoid crashes
B.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunk
C.it is not just total weight，but obesity itself that is dangerous
D.the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’heavy weight
75.Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage？
A.Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars？
B.Are cars certifed as safe to drive？
C.Are crash-test dummies too thin？
D.Are car accidents preventable？
Passage Four
It seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you.In fact many studies support this idea—but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.
The frst question is whose patients are sicker？Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease but generalists—family physicians and general practitioners—are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.
A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment？Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly，says Harlan M.Krumholz of Yale University.On the other hand，a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health，says Martin T.Domohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland.
To further complicate comparisons many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases but medical records do not always show that，says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville，Md.
That said stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists.Among about 38，000 stroke sufferers nationwide，16.1%of those treated by a neurologists died within 3 months compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians.
Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists，says S.Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.But it’s hard to fgure out exactly why.
“Physician specialty，in addition to being a measure of formal training in the feld，is also a proxy for clinical experience.”he says，“It’s very diffcult to separate out the overlapping concepts.One，that practice makes perfect；two，the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in；and three，the issue of formal training.”
Differences between specialist care and generalist care，however.Pale in comparison with the fnding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice，contend both Domohoe and Clancy.A report by the U.S.General Accounting Offce documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers which reduce heart rate and blood pressure than those who received care from a generalist. Even so，these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them，implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.
“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care，”says Domohoe.Perhaps，he adds，“We should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.”
76.Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the questions raised in the passage？
A.Is specialist care superior？
B.What is specialist care all about？
C.Why is one unwilling to be a generalist？
D.Is generalist care the future of medicine？
77.The answers to the two questions suggest that____.
A.generalists are more likely to be ignored
B.a specialist can be a generalist，or vice versa
C.neither of the two groups is better than the other
D.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians
78.According to the passage，the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part of specialists____.
A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialty
B.is hard to be justifed on the nationwide scale
C.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist care
D.has much to do with the amount of formal education
79.Both specialists and generalists，Domohoe and Clancy contend，could do a better job of____.
A.taking advantage of the other
B.avoiding as much malpractice as possible
C.putting the latest knowledge into practice
D.educating the public to their consciousness of health
80.Domohoe is trying to shift our attention to____.
A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists
B.the real nature of specialist and generalist care respectively
C.the similarities between generalist and specialist care
D.the declining health of Americans
Passage Five
Children are spending an increasing amount of time using computers.Computers are now found in most classrooms，and in the majority of homes，almost always with Internet access.However，many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects.This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children，focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.
Computer use may negatively affect social relationship between children and their parents.Because children spend so much time on computers，they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents.According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues（2001）this often leads to a role reversal，where the child becomes a teacher to the parent.In other words，it is often the case a highly computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority.Moreover，with the anonymity of online communication，computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult，so all users are treated equally（Subrahmanyam et al，2001）.Children may then expect the same equality in real life，further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship（Subrahmanyam et al，2001）.
Children’s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use.Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children，they spend little time integrating with their peers（Shields Behrman，2001）.As a result，children may not develop the social skills they need，or be able to maintain friendships in the real world（Subrahmanyam et al，2001）.With the very extended computer use，this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression（Shields Behrman，2001）.
A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence.Current research has already documented a strong link between violent flms and television and aggressive behavior in children，so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games（Subrahmanyam et al，2001）.However， as Shields Behrman（2001）points out，it is important to note that although the games may affect all children，children who prefer violent games could be most affected.
In conclusion，using a computer，particularly for extended periods，may affect the parent-children relationship in families.It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships.Moreover，it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive，it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.
81.From the very beginning，the author is trying to draw our attention to____.
A.crimes on rise at school
B.a decline in family value
C.the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D.the increasing number of investigations on education
82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage？
A.Children become teachers to their parents.
B.Parents are fossilized in new technology.
C.Children expect for an equal status with their parents.
D.Parents’roles are being shrunk by the computer.
83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage？
A.Children greatly value the friendship with their peers.
B.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer.
C.Children will be doomed to be affected by violent games.
D.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games.
84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer games in the passage？
A.A lack of social communication.
B.Increasing violent performance.
C.A decline in intelligence.
D.A breakdown in family relationship.85.Where might the passage be taken from？
A.A biography. B.A science fction.
C.A research periodical. D.Business newspaper.
Passage Six
Are smart people just naturally attracted to study art or perform music，dance，or drama？Or does early education in the art actually cause changes in the brain that develop important components of cognition？Recent fndings show that there may be some signifcant causal relationships between arts training and the brain’s ability to learn.
The Dana Foundation，an organization with interest in neuroscience，immunology，and arts education，just released a three-year study that found that early training in the arts is possibly good for your brain.Neuroscientists and psychologists at several universities have now enhanced understanding of just how the arts might improve thinking，memory，and language skills.Music education is linked with the ability to control both short-term and long-term memory，geometric representation，and development of reading skills.Dance training improves thinking though mimicry and acting classes seem to expand language.Visual arts lessons outside the classroom in childhood are linked to improved math calculations.In retrospect，I wish I had more art lessons before I took on that advanced math class in high school.
It’s not a new idea that the arts can make us smarter.The notion caught fre in the 1990s when researchers showed that college students did better on certain math tests’after listening to a little bit of Mozart.And while the current report from the Dana Foundation did not provide defnite theories as to how arts make us smart，what it does is to end the popular notion that people are either right-or left-brain learners.Apparently artists are not that fundamentally different and perhaps there is even an underlying connection between the cognitive processes that give rise to both arts and sciences.
86.At the beginning of the passage，two questions are raised to explore the relation between____.
A.early education and the future
B.intelligence and emotional quotient
C.art training and cognitive development
D.the human brain and its cognitive components
87.From music education to dance training to visual arts lessons，the researchers found the____.
A.early training in the arts improved cognitive skills
B.early education in the arts enhanced the learning by heart
C.art training was widely conducted during childhood
D.the artistic education took many forms for children
88.What can be inferred about the author’s art lessons during childhood？
A.They are profcient. B.They are defcient.
C.They are popular D.They are various.
89.According to the passage，the current fndings____.
A.present the working mechanism of the right and left brains
B.challenge the popular division of right-or left-brain learners
C.reveal the fundamental differences between artists and scientists
D.interpret the different cognitive processes in scientists and artists
90.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？
A.Brainy Art B.Learning Art
C.Arts Training D.Cognitive Science
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese.Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.
吃出健康
健康自古以来就是人们追求的美好目标。近年世界卫生组织对影响人类健康的众多因素进行评估，结果表明：遗传因素对身体健康的影响居于首位，为15%；膳食营养对人体健康的影响仅次于遗传因素，为13%；然后是医疗条件因素，为8%。因此不难看出膳食营养对人体健康有多么重要，在今天人们的生活水平显著提高，绝大多数人早已不愁吃穿，营养不良状况有了很大改善，但这不代表人们所吃的就健康了。因为大多数人的饮食结构不合理，营养供给不平衡，所以维持不了健康。
为了维持身体健康就必须把不同的食物搭配起来食用。现代营养学把食物分成两大类，一类主要是供给人体热能，我们叫主食；另一类是副食，如豆制品和蔬菜等。主食种类很多，它们所含氨基酸、维生素、无机盐的种类和数量又互不相同，故不能只用一种粮食作为主食，应做到粗细粮合理搭配。副食中的肉类、蛋类、奶类、鱼类、海产类、豆类和蔬菜等，都能提供丰富的蛋白质和人体必需的脂肪酸、磷酸、维生素、钙、磷、镁、碘等重要营养素，对人体健康起着非常重要的作用。饮食的种类多种多样，富含营养成分各不相同，只有做到各种食物合理搭配，才能使人体得到不同的营养，以满足生命和活动的需要。
膳食搭配的同时要注意季节引起食欲的变化，像夏季酷热多雨，人们常常食欲降低，消化力也减弱，大多数人厌食肥肉和油腻食物，所以要注意食物的色香味，尽力提高食欲，使身体能够得到全面充足的营养。
合理搭配固然重要，但也应饮食有节，要注意饮食的量和时间。一是饮食要适量，就是说人们吃东西不要太多也不要太少，要恰到好处，饥饱适中；过饱不利于健康，但吃太少也有损于健康。二是饮食应定时，一日三餐，食之有时。脾胃适应了这种饮食规律，到时候便会做好消化食物的准备，同时烹调合理使食品色香味俱全，不仅增加食欲，而且有益健康。
当然健康饮食对于不同职业来说也是不同的，例如，学校的老师和学生都是脑力劳动者，用脑较多，由于大脑的主要成分为卵磷脂，脑疲劳会损失卵磷脂，而深海鱼和蛋黄富含卵磷脂。因此，建议每天可吃1～2个鸡蛋补充营养，每周吃一次海鱼。此外，也应多补充含蛋白质、糖、钙、铁、锌、维生素丰富的食物，如禽肉、牛奶、苹果、豆制品等。
所以，只有饮食从各方面做好了，才能将健康进行到底。