模拟试题三
Model Test Three
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example.
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.
B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.
D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.He is always ft.B.He had appendicitis.
C.He has no problem.D.He has never been ill.
2.A.Whether the dentist teaches at the university will decide.
B.Whether the patient calls early in the morning.
C.Whether it is an emergency or a routine work.
D.Whether it is the day for the dentist to have his practice.
3.A.It’s harmful for him to use his voice.B.He needs to see a doctor.
C.He needs to whisper.D.The woman is Sam’s doctor.
4.A.She’s really lucky.B.She’s far better than the others.
C.She’s got the others’support.D.She’s been working hard.
5.A.Adviser.B.Computer programmer.
C.Product designer.D.Computer designer.
6.A.The man.B.Too little sleep.
C.A hat.D.The sun.
7.A.She likes to eat nuts.B.She is self-disciplined.
C.She behaves badly at school.D.She enjoys leaving her parents in the dark.
8.A.It is dull all the time.B.It comes and goes every now and then.
C.It is not always that bad.D.It is sometimes as sharp as a knife attack.
9.A.The woman was so silly as to waste much money.
B.It was costly to have the motorcycle fxed in the garage.
C.Bill must have repaired the motorcycle himself.
D.There was a serious problem with the motorcycle.
10.A.She is really angry.B.She forgives the man.
C.She is indifferent to it.D.She feels sorry for the man’s absence.
11.A.Go to a different doctor.B.Ask her doctor for a different medication.
C.Change her appointment.D.Buy some OTC medicines on her own.
12.A.Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.
B.The women will be able to buy an intelligent car.
C.He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.
D.Driving to work is really a headache.
13.A.At a physician’s offce.B.At the post offce.
C.At the pediatrician’s offce.D.At an ophthalmologist’s offce.
14.A.Mrs.Smith is good at theory but drives poorly.
B.Mrs.Smith always gets lost on the road.
C.Mrs.Smith knows little about rules and drives fast.
D.Mrs.Smith doesn’t know how to stop the car.
15.A.A delicate art.B.A religion.C.An exact science.D.A way of life.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.Poor management of the hospital.B.The health hazard at her work place.
C.Decision made by the head technician.D.The outdated medical testing procedures.
17.A.Doctor and patient.B.Doctor and nurse.
C.Friends.D.Colleagues.
18.A.Transfer her to another department.B.Repair the X-ray equipment.
C.Cut down her workload.D.Allow her to go on leave for two months.
19.A.They are virtually impossible to enforce.B.Neither is applicable to the woman’s case.
C.Both of them have been subject to criticism.D.Their requirements may be diffcult to meet.
20.A.Organize a mass strike.B.Compensate for her loss.
C.Try to help her get it back.D.Find her a better paying job.
Passage Two
21.A.Vitamin B.B.Vitamin C.C.Vitamin D.D.Vitamin A.
22.A.Moderate amounts of all kinds of foods.B.Moderate amounts of high calorie food.
C.Moderate amounts of low calorie food.D.Moderate amounts of high iron food.
23.A.One ffth.B.Two ffths.C.Three ffths.D.Four ffths.
24.A.Women who are not breast-feeding their children.
B.Vegetarian.
C.People who have much daily product.
D.All the old men.
25.A.Vitamins can help keep people healthy when used correctly.
B.Millions of people take vitamin pills to improve their health.
C.People on diet need vitamins.
D.Large amounts of vitamin pills can prevent some things as cancer and heart disease.
Passage Three
26.A.British people like to take a short nap after lunch.
B.British people don’t take a short nap after lunch.
C.British people don’t feel sleepy after lunch.
D.British people like to sleep twice a day.
27.A.All animals in the bush.
B.The remnant of the same primeval programming.
C.The same primeval programming.
D.All animals in the world.
28.A.Alcohol will be less potent after lunch.
B.A pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening，it can cause afternoon sleepiness.
C.People are more alert at lunchtime.
D.It is not legal to drink at lunchtime.
29.A.You will be refreshed.
B.You will be waken up.
C.You will feel far sleepier.
D.You will take a cat nap.
30.A.People are not allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.
B.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.
C.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one pint at lunchtime.
D.None.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____.
A.capacities B.facilities C.authorities D.warranties
32.Family-planning clinics give out____advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.
A.insensitive B.interrogative C.contraceptive D.communicative
33.Caffeine is the____drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.
A.miracle B.myth C.trick D.legend
34.Today investigators are still far from____a master map of the vasculature of the heart.
A.constituting B.decoding C.drafting D.encoding
35.I have never seen a more caring，group of people in my life____.
A.emotional B.impersonal C.compulsory D.compassionate
36.By the time I reached my residency，I____treating the patient as a whole human being.
A.yearned for B.broke into C.passed for D.made for
37.We now obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources，while our grandparents____only one-half from animal sources.
A.originated B.digested C.deprived D.derived
38.Obesity carries an increased risk of____.
A.mortality B.mobility C.longevity D.maternity
39.The best exercise should require continuous____，rather than frequent stops and starts.
A.compassion B.acceleration C.frustration D.exertion
40.Environmental offcials insist that something be done to____acid rain.
A.curb B.sue C.detoxify D.condemn
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the one word or phrase，which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.
A.take in B.make up C.cut down D.bring about
42.To begin with，it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory defnition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.
A.explain B.oppose C.represent D.propose
43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.
A.applicable B.favorable C.sensitive D.reasonable
44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.
A.observe B.appraise C.appreciate D.induce
45.Through live television，the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.
A.reserve B.confrm C.perceive D.transmit
46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’s economic problems.
A.indefnite B.indispensable C.infnite D.insignifcant
47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.
A.omitted B.fabricated C.pinpointed D.embraced
48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.
A.formulations B.standards C.principles D.notions
49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.
A.regaining B.relieving C.reversing D.rectifying
50.To study the distribution of disease within an area，it is useful to plot the cases on a map.
A.mark B.allocate C.erase D.pose
Part ⅢCloze（10%）
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer：prevention，screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types ofcancer.A major cause of the disease is not 51 known；there is no good evidence that screening is much help；and treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases.At present，therefore，the main strategy must be 52 .This may not always be true，of course，as for some other types of cancer，researches over the past few decades have produced（or suggested）some importance in prevention， screening or treatment.
53 ，however，we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what today’s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered，then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer，especially lung cancer， probably involve neither screening nor improved 54 ，but prevention.
This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco.It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by 55 on the type of education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar 56 per cigarette.The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries，such as，the United States of America，because cigarette smoking has been common for decades，25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer，but also in those where it has become 57 only recently.In China，lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths.This is because it may take as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer.Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990’s or early in the next century， 58 prompt effective action is taken against the habit —indeed，such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the world.
There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance.First，the disease is extremely common，causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now 59 ；secondly，it is generally incurable；thirdly，effective，practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known；and fnally，reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial 60 on many other diseases.
51.A.hardly B.never
C.less D.reliably
52.A.treatment B.cure
C.prevention D.diagnosis
53.A.Although B.If
C.Since D.Unless
54.A.health B.control
C.environment D.treatment
55.A.dealing B.expending
C.hardening D.inspecting
56.A.contained B.delivering
C.adopted D.regulated
57.A.sensitive B.tight
C.widespread D.rough
58.A.if B.unless
C.provided D.while
59.A.has B.emerges
C.causes D.does
60.A.trouble B.margins
C.impact D.threat
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor’s office？The Silicon Valley Employers Forum，a sophisticated group of technology companies，is launching a pilot program to test online“virtual visits”between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 8，000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative，including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems，hope that online visits will mean employees won’t have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions.“With our long commutes and traffc，driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time，”says Cindy Conway，benefts director at Cadence Design Systems，one of the participating companies.(https://www.daowen.com)
Doctors aren’t clamoring to chat with patients online for free；they spend enough unpaid time on the phone.Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient，and just 9 percent are interested in doing so，according to the research frm Cyber Dialogue.“We are not stupid，”says Stirling Somers，executive director of the Silicon Valley Employers group.“Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work.”In the pilot program，physicians will get$20 per online consultation，about what they get for a simple offce visit.
Doctors also fear they’ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what’s needed to make a diagnosis.So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx，an Alameda，Calif.-based start-up.Healinx’s“Smart Symptom Wizard”questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions.The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan，which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face to face visit.
Can E-mail replace the doctor’s office？Many conditions，such as persistent cough，require a stethoscope to discover what’s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit.Even Larry Bonham，head of one of the doctor’s groups in the pilot，believes the virtual doctor’s visits offer a“very narrow”sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.
The pilot program，set to end in nine months，also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service.So far，the Internet’s record in the health field has been underwhelming.The experiment is“a huge roll of the dice for Healinx，”notes Michael Barrett，and analyst at Internet consulting from Forester Research.If the“Web visits”succeed， expect some HMOs（Health Maintenance Organizations）to pay for online visits.If doctors，employers， and patients aren’t satisfed，fgure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.
61.The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of____.
A.rewarding their employees
B.gratifying the local hospitals
C.boosting worker productivity
D.testing a sophisticated technology
62.What can be learned about the on-line doctor’s visits？
A.They are a quite promising business.
B.They are funded by the local government.
C.They are welcomed by all the patients.
D.They are very much under experimentation.
63.Of the following people，who are not involved in the program？
A.Cisco System employees.B.Advice nurses in the clinic.
C.Doctors at three local hospitals.D.Oracle executives.
64.According to Para.2，doctors are____.
A.reluctant to serve online for nothing B.not interested in web consultation
C.too tired to talk to the patients online D.content with$20 paid per Web visit
65.“Smart Symptom Wizard”is capable of____.
A.making diagnoses B.producing prescriptions
C.profling patients’illness D.offering a treatment plan
Passage Two
It is common to think that other animals are ruled by instinct whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by reason，and that this is why we are so much more fexibly intelligent than other animals.William James，in his book Principles of Psychology，took the opposite view.He argued that human behavior is more fexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do，not fewer.We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts，however，precisely because they work so well—because they process information so effortlessly and automatically.They structure our thought so powerfully，he argued，that it can be diffcult to imagine how things could be otherwise.As a result，we take normal behavior for granted.We do not realize that normal behavior needs to be explained at all. This instinct blindness makes the study of psychology diffcult.To get past this problem，James suggested that we try to make the natural seem strange.It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange，so far as to ask for the why of an instinctive human act.
In our view，William James was right about evolutionary psychology.Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen，for example，in Gary Larson cartoons.Yet it is a central part of the enterprise.Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences，thinking that there is nothing there to be explained.As a result，social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon that would surprise their grandmothers and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problems we are bad at，like learning math or playing chess，than ones we are good at.But our natural competences—our abilities to see，to speak，to fnd someone beautiful，to reciprocate a favor，to fear disease，to fall in love，to initiate an attack，to experience moral outrage，to navigate a landscape，and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities.This machinery works so well that we don’t even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness.As a result， psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.
66.William James believed that man is more fexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more____.
A.adaptive B.reasonable
C.instinctive D.sophisticated
67.What do we usually think of our normal behavior？
A.It is controlled by powerful thoughts. B.It is beyond the study of psychology.
C.It doesn’t need to be explained. D.It doesn’t seem to be natural sometimes.
68.According to the author，which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologists？
A.Why do we smile when pleased？
B.Why do we love our children？
C.How do we appreciate beautiful things？
D.How do we reason and process information？
69.The author thinks that psychology is to____.
A.take the normal behavior for granted B.make the natural seem strange
C.study abnormal competences D.make easy things diffcult
70.The author stresses that our natural abilities are____.
A.not replaced by reasoning B.the same as other animals’
C.not as complex as we think D.worth studying
Passage Three
Osteoporosis used to be called“the silent disease”because its victims didn’t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture.Today，doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.
For post-menopausal women，the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy.Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately，it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the risk of breast cancer.
To bypass such side effects，researchers have developed several alternative treatments.Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators（SERMs）emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug，alendronate，reduces spine，hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin.Each of these alternatives has trade-offs，however.Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them.
The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle.And the best time to do this is in childhood，when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty，some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone strength by as much as 20 percent.
Calcium，which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables，is essential for preventing osteoporosis.So is vitamin D，which aides calcium absorption.Vitamin D comes from sunlight，but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don’t get outside.The fnal component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that the body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help make“the silent disease”truly silent.
71.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis____.
A.used to be effective in post-menopausal women
B.is most frequently prescribed by doctors
C.works perfectly on post-menopausal women
D.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects
72.The best treatment for osteoporosis，according to the passage，____.
A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators B.is chosen by the patient
C.possesses no side effects D.is of individuality
73.To prevent osteoporosis，a healthy lifestyle should be adopted____.
A.as early as in childhood B.when one is in his twenties
C.after bone mass accumulation stops D.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed
74.By making“the silent disease”truly silent，the author means that the actions suggested____.
A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosis B.can help eradicate osteoporosis
C.can help prevent osteoporosis D.all of the above
75.The author of this passage focuses on the____of osteoporosis.
A.alternative treatment B.early diagnosis
C.treatment and prevention D.resulting damages
Passage Four
“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized…In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right，or ability， to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice.Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some feld or performing some feat.”
This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.
If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete.There is a fow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages， taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings，and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men，it is supposed，bring to the business of running the world.
There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status.In the frst place， there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister，in India，Sri Lanka and Israel.
Secondly，there is the very large increase in the number of women who work，especially married women and mothers of children.More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour：the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure，the sharing of domestic tasks，and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.
Everyone carries round with him a fairly defnite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaelology，but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes.In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fsh and to fght off the tribe next door while women keep the fre going.Amorous initiative is frmly reserved to the man，who sets about courtship with a club.
76.The phrase“men’s sureness of their sex role”in the frst paragraph suggests that they____.
A.are confdent in their ability to charm women
B.take the initiative in courtship
C.have a clear idea of what is considered“manly”
D.tend to be more immoral than women are
77.The third paragraph does NOT claim that men____.
A.prevent women from taking up certain professions
B.secretly admire women’s intellect and resolution
C.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business
D.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies
78.At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to____.
A.show that men are stronger than women
B.carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphs
C.support the frst sentence of the same paragraph
D.disown the ideas he is expressing
79.The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph____.
A.is based on the study of archaeology
B.illustrates how people expect men to behave
C.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke
D.proves that the man，not woman，should be the wooer
80.The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author____.
A.approves of
B.argues is natural
C.completely rejects
D.expects to go on changing
Passage Five
When most people think about changing their body shape，they usually focus on just losing weight. Books and magazines about dieting are among the most popular in the world.Dieting is an important part of staying ft and healthy，but losing weight by means of dieting takes time；losing weight too fast can cause great health problems.Dieting means change one’s eating habits to a healthier pattern，but many women mistake the concept of dieting and thinking that the less one eats，the better.As a result， they lose health as well as weight.
Aerobic exercise is a moderate intensity workout that，over a certain period of time，will provide the body’s use of oxygen.Nowadays，aerobic exercise has become a very trendy workout among youths. Not only is performing aerobic exercise interesting，but it is also very beneficial for health.There are different types of aerobics like jogging，swimming，kickboxing，fitness walking，inline skating， bicycling，etc.Aerobics strengthens the heart and lungs.It is also especially popular with women.
But neither of these two methods，dieting and aerobics，can help shape the body.To do this，you need to build muscle.So，if a frmer and shapelier body is your goal，60 percent of your exercise routine should involve strengthening moves，and only 30 percent should be aerobic exercises.
For a proper body-shaping routine，you should plan three strength-training sessions a week with weights. Use weights which are as heavy as possible while still allowing you to do 8 to 12 reps of each exercise.Do one to three exercises for each muscle groups—for example，chest and biceps，or back，shoulders and triceps.
You should combine this with fast-paced aerobics activities，like swimming，cycling，walking， running，or in-line skating.Plan three to four workouts a week，15 to 20 minutes each，increasing the pace each week.
As you build muscle，you may find that you gain weight in spite of all of your calorie-burning exercise.Don’t worry.It’s probably muscle，which is denser than fat.And muscle is also a calorie- burning tissue.With more muscle，you can burn more calories，even when you are not exercising.
When you are trying to build muscle，you need two to three servings of protein a day，but the main part of your diet should be carbohydrates.And in order to get the energy you need for a high-intensity workout，you should eat something，especially carbohydrates，an hour or so before your workout.
While weight training will frm and shape your body，it has other benefts too.It improves bone and muscle strength and burns calories，leading to improved health and a higher quality of life.
81.Which of the following is NOT true about dieting？
A.Dieting is about changing one’s eating habits.
B.Dieting does not necessarily mean eating less than one used to.
C.Dieting does not necessarily mean losing weight.
D.Losing weight is bound to cause great health problems.
82.“Workouts”include all the following except____.
A.bicyclingB.dietingC.weight trainingD.aerobic exercise
83.Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions given in the passage？
A.Exercise should be done for each major group of muscles.
B.When you do weight-training，the weights you use should be as heavy as possible.
C.Go on a proper diet for muscle-building.
D.Muscle-building exercise should be combined with aerobic activities.
84.Which of the following is NOT true？
A.Muscle-building exercise results in weight-gaining，but that is not a problem to worry about.
B.Muscle helps one keep ft.
C.Improved muscle strength can lead to a higher quality of life.
D.Weight-training helps shape up your body.
85.What’s the ultimate purpose of strength-training with weights？
A.To increase the pace of your aerobic exercise.
B.To burn more calories and lose weight.
C.To build muscle and lose weight.
D.To shape your body and make your life more enjoyable.
Passage Six
This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one’s parents.Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill，it received the backing of the Singapore Government.
That does not mean it hasn’t generated discussion.Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian.Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response.Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family：cynics dubbed it the“Sue Your Son”law.
Those who say that the bill does not promote flial responsibility，of course，are right.It has nothing to do with flial responsibility.It kicks in where flial responsibility fails.The law cannot legislate flial responsibility any more than it can legislate love.All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insuffcient.Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality，but to provide incentives to shore it up.
Like many other developed nations，Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age.Demography is inexorable.In 1980，7.2%of the population was in this bracket.By the end of the century that fgure will grow to 11%.By 2030，the proportion is projected to be 26%.The problem is not old age.It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.
But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insuffcient means to make ends meet.Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.
Traditionally，a person’s insurance against poverty in his old age was his family，lifts is not a revolutionary concept.Nor is it uniquely Asian.Care and support for one’s parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.
The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one’s parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children.A husband can be forced to support his wife. But，until now，a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.
In 1989，an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged.Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95%of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations.But what about the 5%who aren’t getting relatives’support？They have several options：（a）get a job and work until they die；（b）apply for public assistance（you have to be destitute to apply）；or（c）starve quietly.None of these options is socially acceptable.And what if this 5%fgure grows，as it is likely to do，as society ages？
The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affuent societies.This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children.The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.
Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point.Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court.If it does indeed become law，the bill’s effect would be far more subtle.
First，it will reaffrm the notion that it is each individual’s—not society’s—responsibility to look after his parents.Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea.It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn’t hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.
Second，and more important，it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice.Until now，if a person asked family elders，clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get fnancial support from his children，the most they could do was to mediate.But mediators have no teeth，and a child could simply ignore their pleas.
But to be sued by one’s parents would be a massive loss of face.It would be a public disgrace.Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say，“Sue will be damned.”The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengthened.It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.
It would be nice to think Singapore doesn’t need this kind of law.But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affuence itself on traditional bends.Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the frst place.
86.By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population，the author seems to imply that____.
A.the country will face mounting problems of the old in future
B.the social welfare system would be under great pressure
C.young people should be given more moral education
D.the old should be provided with means of livelihood
87.Which of the following statements is CORRECT？
A.Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.
B.Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.
C.It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.
D.The Advisory Council was dissatisfed with the problems of the old.
88.The author seems to suggest that traditional values____.
A.play an insignifcant role in solving social problems
B.are helpful to the elderly when they sue their children
C.are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness
D.are signifcant in helping the Bill get approved
89.The author thinks that if the bill becomes law，its effect would be____.
A.indirect B.unnoticed C.apparent D.straightforward
90.At the end of the passage，the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon.
A.strict enforcement B.public support
C.government assurance D.flial awareness
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
护士在糖尿病护理中既可以发挥专家的作用，也可以只承担其中的部分护理工作。不管是何种场所的护理，都应强调病人的自我护理。
自我护理是处理糖尿病的关键，开始得越早越好。不过，当糖尿病患者确实需要帮助时，就必须由知识丰富的专业健康人士提供。
传统上，英国的糖尿病教育是由糖尿病专科护理师承担的，他们还承担着其他临床、治疗和研究工作。有些教育是以一对一的方式进行的，但健康专业人士已逐渐认识到，糖尿病患者互相间也能学到很多东西，因此，小组教育已经成为一种标准，还可以邀请同伴或家人参加。邀请家庭食品采购和烹制人员加入教育也很重要。他可能是家庭成员之一，也可能是家务女工或疗养院护理员。
随着社区内糖尿病人数的增加，执业护士和地区护士已经承担了过去由糖尿病护理专家所从事的很多工作。因此，他们也将参与糖尿病教育的计划和实施。今天，由于糖尿病护理专家都是在医院工作，很多糖尿病患者，特别是Ⅱ型糖尿病患者，都看不到这些护理专家。
当今技术的发展，使人们的健康咨询方式发生了很大变化。电话或因特网已经成为获取健康信息的常用手段。结果，越来越多的人开始求助于拥有有用（有时也是令人迷惑）信息的健康专业人士，他们的信息或者来自上述渠道，或者来自电台、电视和朋友。伯明翰正在尝试举办数字电视互动式健康咨询节目，一些健康促进机构已经接触这些节目和互动CD光盘。
这都为病人提供了更多的选择，应该受到欢迎。这可能意味着，护士的角色将发生变化，她们将不再是第一个提供信息的人，新的重要角色将出现，包括解释信息对个人及其朋友和亲属的意义、创办论坛，以及讨论如何实施建议。
护理糖尿病患者的护士必须有共同的工作目标，因此，制定目标和决定病情优先处理顺序便成为护理的重要因素。研究表明，糖尿病并发症可以预防。如果确实出现并发症，其恶化进程也可以减缓。关键是要控制血糖。
Ⅰ型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白目标是7.5%，Ⅱ型为低于7%。血压是导致糖尿病并发症的一个因素，两种糖尿病的血压都应低于140/80mmHg，且越低越好。当然应以不出现低血压症状为宜。
This is the end of Model Test Three.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）