模拟试题四
Model Test Four
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example.
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.
B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.
D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.Exercise and warming.B.Warming and chilling.
C.Heat and cold.D.Absorption and distribution.
2.A.Smelly.B.Scattered.
C.Blocking doors and store shutters.D.Put in bags and boxes.
3.A.Most benign tumors needn’t be called to the attention of a physician.
B.People suffering from cancers were born with them.
C.The distinction between benign and malignant tumors is consequently always impossible.
D.Some tumors change their nature in the course of years，after a period of benign growth.
4.A.She likes to drive when she travels.
B.She doesn’t want to go to Chicago.
C.She doesn’t know the cost of the train trip.
D.It’s cheaper to go to Chicago by car.
5.A.The woman feels rather terrible.B.The woman had an operation.
C.The woman has a serious illness.D.The woman wants to go to the hospital.
6.A.To keep the secret.B.To talk to him about the problem.
C.To reduce the workload.D.To have a great rest.
7.A.The patient’s blood pressure.B.The patient’s present condition.
C.The cause of the disease.D.How to deal with the present problem.
8.A.Help the woman repair her car.B.Help the woman fnd a job.
C.Cancel the woman’s appointment for her.D.Take the woman to her doctor’s offce.
9.A.Bad food.B.Spicy food.
C.Cold food.D.Fat food.
10.A.A bridge to Manhattan.B.Skyscrapers at dusk.
C.A lot of things in Manhattan.D.A classical night view in Manhattan.
11.A.He moved into his new apartment a couple of months ago.
B.He’d like the woman to help him pay the rent.
C.He and Peter have downloaded a new apartment.
D.The apartment might be too expensive for him.
12.A.Saturday’morning.B.Sunday morning.
C.This afternoon.D.Tomorrow afternoon.
13.A.To order some medicine for the man.B.To get something for Aunt’s birthday.
C.To buy some items.D.To see some car models.
14.A.Cough.B.Feeling cold.
C.Lung infection.D.Wounded by fghting.
15.A.She read it selectively.B.She went over it chapter by chapter.
C.She read it slowly.D.She fnished it quickly.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.Because he had felt severe pain on both sides of the abdomen.
B.Because he could not stand the intolerable pain in the back.
C.Because he had brought up what he had.
D.Because he has got diarrhea.
17.A.His time was fully occupied.B.He had some urgent cases to deal with.
C.His boss asked him to do extra work.D.Two tablets of analgesics killed his pain.
18.A.First in the right abdomen and then it went to the lower abdomen.
B.First in the lower abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.
C.First in the left abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.
D.First in the upper abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.
19.A.He has got acute appendicitis.B.He has got acute diarrhea.
C.He has a duodenal ulcer.D.He has got an acute gastric ulcer.
20.A.He will go through the formalities of admittance to hospital.
B.He will go to the operating room.
C.He will go to the outpatient department.
D.He will go to the inpatient department.
Passage Two
21.A.Every child in hospital receives some teaching.
B.Not enough is known about hospital teaching.
C.Hospital teaching is of poor quality.
D.The special children’s hospitals are worst off.
22.A.Hospital teaching across the country is similar.
B.Each hospital has at least one part-time teacher.
C.All hospitals surveyed offer education to children.
D.Only one-fourth of the hospital has full-time teachers.
23.A.Hospital teachers.B.Schoolmates.
C.Parents.D.School teachers.
24.A.The author is unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals.
B.The author is in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals.
C.The author is unsatisfed with the present state of hospital teaching.
D.The author is satisfed with the results of the latest survey.
25.A.Doctors and nurses.B.Finding a hospital teacher.
C.The school teacher.D.New medical instruments.
Passage Three
26.A.Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.
B.Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.
C.Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.
D.Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.
27.A.Have some fresh fruit.B.Exercise at the gym.
C.Take a hot shower.D.Eat a hot dinner.
28.A.800.B.1，200.C.1，600.D.1，800.
29.A.They could enjoy a happier family life.
B.They could greatly improve their work effciency.
C.Many cancer cases could be prevented.
D.Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.
30.A.Taking more calories.B.Losing too much weight.
C.Developing various diseases.D.Increasing the chances of wasting.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B， C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.Already the class is____about who our new teacher will be.
A.foreseeing B.speculating C.fabricating D.contemplating
32.For many patients，institutional care is the most____and benefcial form of care.
A.pertinent B.appropriate C.acute D.persistent
33.The automatic doors in supermarkets____the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts.
A.furnish B.induce C.facilitate D.allocate
34.If you want this painkiller，you’ll have to ask the doctor for a____.
A.inscription B.transcription C.description D.prescription
35.The basic causes are unknown，although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been____.
A.identifed B.guaranteed C.notifed D.conveyed
36.We should____all advanced science and technology to develop our economy.
A.draw on B.draw in C.draw up D.draw out
37.There had been another prison breakout.Five men got away and are still____.
A.in detail B.at length C.at large D.at a loss
38.Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou V____for the rescue of China’s frst astronaut.
A.settled down B.shot down C.touched down D.turned down
39.I can’t possibly mark your homework：your handwriting is____.You must spend time in improving it.
A.illogical B.illicit C.illegible D.illusive
40.The president gave a____for the visiting heads of the countries.
A.recession B.refection C.recognition D.reception
Section B
Directions：In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined， beneath which are four words or phrases.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.The rosemary plant is an emblem of fdelity and remembrance.
A.thoughtfulness B.tenderness C.faithfulness D.happiness
42.Proper exercise plays a signifcant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.
A.equation B.recovery C.distress D.relaxation
43.The patient who takes interest in everything and everybody is a formidable adversary for disease.
A.dreadful B.principal C.potential D.imaginary
44.The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not infectious and has proved safe and effective.
A.dangerous B.harmful C.contagious D.invading
45.The doctor did not rule out the possibility of food poisoning.
A.include B.exclude C.foresee D.question
46.In the fnal straight Meyers stumbled，and although he didn’t fall it was enough to lose his frst place.
A.staggered B.screamed C.startled D.rebuked
47.The coach explained the regulations at length to make sure that none of his players would become violators.
A.in general B.at best C.in detail D.at last
48.The mental patient fluctuates between great excitement and deep depression.
A.stabilizes B.recovers C.worsens D.alternates
49.Because he wore a strange collection of clothes and often talked to himself，his neighbor considered him eccentric.
A.ecstatic B.energetic C.exotic D.peculiar
50.It is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved.
A.supposed B.well-known C.true D.legal
Part Ⅲ Cloze（10%）
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
The injection that the girl had been given was beginning to work.Her head 51 heavy，and she was very sleepy.Once she opened her eyes and saw two nurses.They were placing her on another bed.Then she had the feeling of moving down a long hall.Once 52 a while，she thought that she heard people talking around her.The last time she opened her eyes，she saw a large round lamp above her.Then everything was dark， and she 53 into a deep sleep.
The doctor was 54 to begin.First he opened the chest 55 around the heart.Meanwhile，another doctor connected the special machine to her.Next，the frst doctor used an electric shock to stop the girl’s heart.Working very carefully，he repaired the passage that was 56 .Then，using another electric shock，he 57 the heart again.He closed her chest，and the operation was 58 .No additional blood had been needed.The 59 operation lasted ninety minutes.The girl was taken to another room.She would be watched until she was conscious.
As she opened her eyes，the girl saw her mother’s face.Her mother smiled.“It’s all over，”she said.“The doctor promised to make you better and he has succeeded. In a few weeks you’ll be 60 home.”
51.A.felt B.feel
C.became D.turned
52.A.at B.of
C.in D.for
53.A.went B.fell
C.got D.became
54.A.sure B.eager
C.ready D.quick
55.A.area B.feld
C.point D.portion
56.A.damaged B.hurt
C.injured D.wounded
57.A.launched B.began
C.started D.ceased
58.A.over B.up
C.all D.off
59.A.full B.all
C.entire D.complete
60.A.sent B.taken
C.coming D.going
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）(https://www.daowen.com)
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Women’s minds work differently from men’s.At least，that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefeld，and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different，they point out hurriedly，is not the same as being better or worse.
There is，however，a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves，the corpus callosum（胼胝体）.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fbers than it is in men.This is the frst time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some signifcance.The question is“What？”， and，if this difference exists，are there others？Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn，a result of evolution？ We tend to think that is the infuence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong？
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions，and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together.For most people，the left half is used for word-handing， analytical and logical activities；the right half works on pictures，patterns and forms.We need both halves working together.And the better the connections，the more harmoniously the two halves work.And，according to research fndings，women have the better connections.
But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at“language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line，there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We shan’t know for a while，partly because we don’t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain，and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and，because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect，we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
61.Which of the following statement is CORRECT？
A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
B.Main differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.
C.Results of scientifc research fail to support popular belief.
D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.
62.According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by____factors.
A.biological B.psychological C.physical D.social
63.“These differences”in Paragraph 5 refer to those in____.
A.skills of men and women B.school subjects
C.the brain structure of men and women D.activities carried out by the brain
64.At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on____.
A.the brain structure as a whole B.the functioning of part of the brain
C.the distinction between the sexes D.the effects of the corpus callosum
65.What is the main purpose of the passage？
A.To outline the research fndings on the brain structure.
B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure.
C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.
D.To suggest new areas in brain research.
Passage Two
Can electricity cause cancer？In a society that literally runs on electric power，the very idea seems preposterous.But for more than a decade，a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic felds with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies.The implications are unsettling，to say the least，since everyone comes into contact with such felds，which are generated by everything electrical，from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens.Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory，it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.In the executive summary of a new scientific review，released in draft form late last week， the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date.The agency tentatively concludes that scientifc evidence“suggests a casual link”between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia，lymphoma and brain cancer，While the report falls short of classifying ELF felds as probable carcinogens，it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic feld as“a possible，but not proven，cause of cancer in humans”.
The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep.If there is a cancer risk，it is a small one.The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration，and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon：When an electric current passes through a wire，it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects.For many years，scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful，primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.The ELF magnetic feld generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss，or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic feld.The electric felds surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter，but the corresponding feld induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter.This is far less than the electric felds that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger？The consensus used to be that they could not，and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation，like X-rays，that pack suffcient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.Such“ionizing”radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies，which find statistical associations between sets of data，do not prove cause and effect.Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF felds can have biological effects on animal tissues，a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is far from persuaded.In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report，Air Force scientists charge its authors with having“biased the entire document”toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that electromagnetic fields present in the environment induce or promote cancer，”the Air Force concludes.“It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.”Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable.There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment，from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
66.The main idea of this passage is____.
A.studies on the cause of cancer
B.controversial view-points in the cause of cancer
C.the relationship between electricity and cancer
D.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer
67.The view-point of the EPA is____.
A.there is casual link between electricity and cancer
B.electricity really affects cancer
C.controversial
D.low frequency electromagnetic feld is a possible cause of cancer
68.Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report？Because____.
A.it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration
B.every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment
C.the Pentagon’s concern was understandable
D.they had different arguments
69.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon____.
A.the force of the electromagnetic feld is too weak to be harmful
B.the force of the electromagnetic feld is weaker than the electric feld that the cells generate
C.electromagnetic feld may affect health
D.only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body
70.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments？
A.They are indifferent.
B.They are worried very much.
C.The may exercise prudent avoidance.
D.They are shocked.
Passage Three
Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation.A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner.She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed.He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town，even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come.When they get to the restaurant，he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet.She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t eat that.Oh，but of course，she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment.Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants：it’s the surest way to an early grave.They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.
What a miserable lot dieters are！You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces.They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food.They are forever consulting calorie charts；gazing at themselves in mirrors；and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom.They spend a lifetime fghting a losing battle against spreading hips，protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT.Mere dieting is not enough.They exhaust themselves doing exercises， sweating in sauna baths，being pummeled and massaged by weird machines.The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for“health cures”.For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week.Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either.Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition：they are living on nothing but air，water and the goodwill of God.
Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will；so why are they so miserable？ Well，for one thing，they’re always hungry.You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time.All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfed.Wonderfood is a complete food，the advertisement says.Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water.A complete food it may be，but not quite as complete as a juicy steak.And，of course，they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty.Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour fve huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting.And who can blame them？At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation.What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice！
What’s all this self-inficted torture for？Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace.Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery.It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses；when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings！
71.The best title for this passage is____.
A.On Fat B.We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy
C.Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat D.Diet Deprives People of Normal Life
72.Why do they never see each other again？
A.Because it is a memorable evening.
B.Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.
C.Because she does not eat this and drink that.
D.Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.
73.What’s the meaning of“lot”in the frst line of Paragraph 2？
A.Amount. B.Field. C.Fate. D.Group.
74.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet？
A.Doing exercises. B.Not eating sugar.
C.Not eating fat. D.Taking sauna baths.
75.What is the author’s attitude toward diet？
A.Persuasive. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Adversative.
Passage Four
For three decades we’ve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic（increasing oxygen consumption）exercise.Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health，and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill to reap the rewards.But the story is changing.Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon general’s offce has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics.And as weight lifting has gone mainstream，so has the once obscure practice known as“Super Slow”training.Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snail’s pace—making each“rep”（repeat）last 14 seconds instead of the usual 7—you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles，and call forth an extraordinary response.Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need，as some advocates believe，but the benefts are often dramatic.
Almost anyone can handle this routine.The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn.For each exercise—leg press，bench press，shoulder press and so on—you set the machine to provide only moderate resistance.But as you draw out each repeat， depriving yourself of impetus，the weight soon feels unbearable.Defying the impulse to stop，you kept going until you can’t complete a repeat.Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle.Intense？Uncomfortable？Totally.But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout，it can become almost pleasure.
The goal is not to burn calories while you’re exercising but to make your body burn them all the time.Running a few miles may make you sweat，but it expends only 100 calories per mile， and it doesn’t stimulate much bone or muscle development.Strength training doesn’t burn many calories，either.But when you push a muscle to failure，you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days，it will thicken—and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance.By the time you add three pounds of muscle，your body requires an extra 9，000 calories a month just to break even.Hold your diet steady and，very quickly，you are vaporizing body fat.
One might have benefted from any strength-training program.But advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.
76.Many Americans have taken to treadmill for____.
A.its inherent awards to their health B.its greater consumption of oxygen
C.the compliment paid by authorities D.the actual benefts from the exercise
77.According to the author，Super Slow training____.
A.has been misunderstood for decades B.has been widely accepted recently
C.has been the basis of weight lifting D.has become the nucleus of aerobics
78.In practicing slow lifting，one has to____.
A.complete each rep with great effort
B.try his best to do the training
C.suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise
D.exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders
79.While making each rep，one may suffer from____.
A.impetus loss B.weight loss
C.bearable iron weights D.the feeling of successful workout
80.The phrase“to break even”（Para.3）most likely means____.
A.to upset the physical energy balance B.to disturb the calmness of the body
C.to gain a greater proft than a loss D.to make neither a proft nor a loss
Passage Five
Avian infuenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the infuenza virus. The disease，which was frst identifed in Italy more than 100 years ago，occurs worldwide.
All birds are thought to be susceptible to infection with avian infuenza，though some species are more resistant to infection than others.Infection causes a wide spectrum of symptoms in birds，ranging from mild illness to a highly contagious and rapidly fatal disease resulting in severe epidemics.The latter is known as“highly pathogenic avian infuenza”.This form is characterized by sudden onset，severe illness，and rapid death，with a mortality that can approach 100%.
Fifteen subtypes of influenza virus are known to infect birds，thus providing an extensive reservoir of infuenza viruses potentially circulating in bird populations.To date，all outbreaks of the highly pathogenic form have been caused by infuenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7.
Migratory waterfowl—most notably wild ducks—are the natural reservoir of avian infuenza viruses，and these birds are also the most resistant to infection.Domestic poultry，including chickens and turkeys，are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal infuenza.
Direct or indirect contact of domestic focks with wild migratory waterfowl has been implicated as a frequent cause of epidemics.Live bird markets have also played an important role in the spread of epidemics.
Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can，after circulation for sometimes short periods in a poultry population，mutate into highly pathogenic viruses.During a 1983–1984 epidemic in the United States of America，the H5N2 virus initially caused low mortality， but within six months became highly pathogenic，with a mortality approaching 90%.Control of the outbreak required destruction of more than 17 million birds at a cost of nearly US$65 million. During a 1999–2001 epidemic in Italy，the H7N1 virus，initially of low pathogenicity，mutated within 9 months to a highly pathogenic form.More than 13 million birds died or were destroyed.
The quarantining of infected farms and destruction of infected or potentially exposed flocks are standard control measures aimed at preventing spread to other farms and eventual establishment of the virus in a country’s poultry population.Apart from being highly contagious，avian infuenza viruses are readily transmitted from farm to farm by mechanical means，such as by contaminated equipment，vehicles， feed，cages，or clothing.Highly pathogenic viruses can survive for long periods in the environment， especially when temperatures are low.Stringent sanitary measures on farms can，however，confer some degree of protection.
In the absence of prompt control measures backed by good surveillance，epidemics can last for years.For example，an epidemic of H5N2 avian infuenza，which began in Mexico in 1992，started with low pathogenicity，evolved to the highly fatal form，and was not controlled until 1995.
81.According to the passage，the following are all incorrect EXCEPT____.
A.avian infuenza was not recognized until more than 100 years ago
B.infection with avian infuenza causes mild epidemics in birds
C.not all birds are susceptible to infection with avian infuenza
D.the disease of avian infuenza occurs worldwide except in Italy
82.Characters of the highly pathogenic avian infuenza include EXCEPT____.
A.sudden onset B.resistance to infection
C.severe illness D.rapid death
83.Migratory waterfowl are the most resistant to the infection with avian infuenza____.
A.when they would migrate to the south from the north
B.if they do not migrate to the rest of the planet
C.when they are mixed with domestic poultry and pigs
D.while domestic poultry are particularly susceptible to epidemics of avian infuenza
84.Control of the outbreak requires EXCEPT____.
A.destruction of infected or potentially exposed focks
B.the quarantining of infected farms
C.the absence of prompt control measures
D.stringent sanitary measures on farms
85.From the passage we can infer that rapid mutation of low to highly pathogenic viruses____.
A.has led to evolution of the highly fatal form H5N2 viruses
B.makes it impossible for scientists to develop more effective vaccines against the viruses
C.helps to prevent spread from farm to farm by mechanical means
D.proves to be protective of the extensive reservoirs
Passage Six
About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way；women are luckier only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner.There are different forms of color blindness.A man may not be able to see deep red.
He may think that red，orange and yellow are all shades of green.Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green.In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.
In certain occupations color blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully.For example，when fghting at night，soldiers use lights of fares to signal to each other.A green light may mean “Advance”and a red light may mean：“Danger！Keep back！”You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green！Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain.In a single eye there are millions of very small things called“cones”.These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors.There are also millions of“rods”but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark.They show us shape but not color.Wait until it is dark tonight，then go outside.Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize.
Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all，so they cannot see colors.As far as we know，bats and adult owls cannot see colors at all only light and dark shapes.Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colours as well as we can.
Insects can see ultra violet rays which are invisible to us，and some of them can even see X rays. The wings of a moth may seem grey and dull to us，but to insects they may appear beautiful，showing colors which we cannot see.Scientists know that there are other colors around us which insects can see but which we cannot see.Some insects have favorite colors.Mosquitoes like blue，but do not like yellow.A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will.
86.Among people who suffer from color blindness，____.
A.some may see everything in shades of green
B.few can tell the difference between blue and green
C.few may think that red，orange and yellow are all shades of green
D.very few may think that everything in the world is in green
87.When millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness we can see____.
A.colors only B.shapes and colors
C.shapes only D.darkness only
88.According to the passage，bats and adult owls cannot see colors____.
A.because they hunt at night B.because they cannot see light
C.because they have no cones and rods D.because they have no cones
89.According to the passage，dogs and cats____.
A.as well as human beings cannot see some colors
B.have fewer cones than human beings
C.have less rods than human beings
D.can see colors as well as human beings
90.Which of the following is NOT true about insects？
A.Insects can see more colors than human beings.
B.Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to men.
C.All insects have their favorite colors.
D.The world is more colorful to insects than to human beings.
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
美国癌症协会报告说，美国癌症致死人数在2004年继续减少，这是继2003年以来连续第二年人数下降。
协会报告表示，这一结论显示，去年发布的2003年癌症致死人数出现70多年以来的小幅下降的报告是可靠的，也可能是人数继续下降的开始，而不仅仅是在调查中侥幸得出的数据。
2003—2004年，癌症致死的人数下降了3014人，在去年公布的数据上（2002—2003年的癌症致死人数）有了相当大的增加。
美国癌症协会把死亡人数的减少部分归结为减少吸烟和改善直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌的诊疗技术。就手头上的数据显示，人数减少最多的是因直肠癌致死的，其中男性死亡人数减少了1110人，女性减少了1094人。
流行病学专业执行主任兼癌症协会监督伊丽莎白·沃德博士认为，死亡人数的减少最主要是由于在治疗直肠癌中使用了筛选测定法。这种方法使得癌症在最可治愈的早期就被发现，甚至还能找到癌症早期出现的息肉，并在其转化成恶性肿瘤前将其切除，从而达到完全预防癌症的目的。
尽管只有大约半数的需要进行筛选的成年人进行了必要的检查，但在直肠癌诊疗方面的进步还是令人瞩目的。如果更多的人参与到筛选中来，死亡人数和发病率可能下降得更多。
柳格特博士表示，在直肠癌死亡人数下降的原因中，治疗方法和药物的改善也功不可没。
“1998—2000年之间，直肠癌的治疗方法经历了一次革命。‘革命’还不足以显示其重要性，”柳格特博士认为。“我们从以前的只有单一的药物到有了六七种好的药物。这大大提高了治愈率和病人的存活率。”
“癌症死亡率的下降最终导致了总的人口死亡率的下降，这确实是这些年在控制烟草、疾病早期诊疗与筛选项目和临床及基础研究项目上的努力和投资的反映，”沃德博士表示。“我们已经取得了许多成就，但我们还有很多事情要做。”
沃德博士说，最让人关心的是非裔美国人在几乎所有种类的癌症中的死亡率都明显比白人高出很多。研究人员还没有完全找到原因。他们认为，收入、教育、医疗差距是死亡人数差距的一些原因，但不完全归结于此。
沃德博士认为，“如果我们真的希望利用我们所掌握的技术继续在癌症诊疗中取得进步，我们必须找到一种途径，让所有人都能得到他们所需要的如何预防癌症的信息，并保证所有人都能够接受早期诊疗——高质量的治疗。这样，10～20年以后，这种差距就将不再会存在了。”
This is the end of Model Test Four.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）