模拟试题七
Model Test Seven
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example.
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.
B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.
D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.443122.B.9712765.C.96753229.D.312244.
2.A.Pediatrics.B.Neurology and Psychiatry.
C.Ophthalmology.D.Dermatology.
3.A.She should move the desk back.
B.She should go to the doctor.
C.She should have had someone help him.
D.She should have known the desk was heavy.
4.A.Ask the professor if the course will be given again.
B.Postpone talking the course.
C.Request permission to take the courses together.
D.Take the course from a different professor.
5.A.She is going to miss her frst class.
B.She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C.The man will be fnished before his frst class.
D.The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
6.A.She decided not to cancel her appointment.
B.Her new glasses aren’t comfortable.
C.She’s too busy to get a checkup.
D.She has to check when the appointment is.
7.A.Discuss a magazine article with the woman.
B.Help the woman fnd a new doctor.
C.Go to the store for some medicine.
D.Buy the woman some magazines.
8.A.The doctor can see the man this week.
B.Appointments must be made two weeks in advance.
C.The man should call back on Friday.
D.The doctor canceled his appointments on Friday.
9.A.The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.
B.She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.
C.She refused the position because of the low salary.
D.The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.
10.A.The man should see an optometrist.
B.She’d like to postpone working on the proposal.
C.She wants to know why the proposal was late.
D.It won’t take long to write the proposal.
11.A.He sometimes considers changing majors.
B.Most people frequently change their minds.
C.He rearranged his artwork a while ago.
D.Everyone’s inside for a short time.
12.A.Monday，Wednesday，and Friday.B.Tuesday and Saturday.
C.Tuesday and Thursday.D.Saturday and Sunday.
13.A.The test was harder than he had anticipated.
B.He never does well in biology.
C.He was lucky to pass the test.
D.Professor Morrison is known for giving hard tests.
14.A.Tea is better than coffee.B.The man should switch to tea.
C.There are two reasons not to drink coffee.D.The man shouldn’t drink either.
15.A.She was asked to take another examination.
B.She failed the examination last week.
C.She did quite well in the examination.
D.She didn’t take the examination last week.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.Nausea.B.Fever.C.A cold.D.Diarrhea.
17.A.The stale food he ate.B.The fruit juice he drank.
C.Too much food he ate.D.The cold he got.
18.A.Porridge.B.Purifed water.
C.Pizza.D.Apple juice.
19.A.When his stool becomes loose and watery.
B.When his diarrhea becomes inconveniently frequent and watery.
C.When his lips and mouth are dry.
D.When he loses a lot of body fuids.
20.A.It is a mild case of diarrhea.B.It is an urgent case of diarrhea.
C.It is improving.D.It is deteriorating.
Passage Two
21.A.There are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep.
B.Among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial.
C.People are now moving towards solving many controversial issues.
D.The right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors.
22.A.Because few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert.
B.Because some people still feel tired with enough sleep.
C.Because some people still feel sleepy with enough sleep.
D.Because some people go to bed very late at night.
23.A.Sleeping less is good for human development.
B.People ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before.
C.It is incorrect to say that people sleep too little.
D.Those who can sleep less should be encouraged.
24.A.The author comments on three different opinions.
B.The author favors one of the three opinions.
C.The author explains an opinion of his won.
D.The author revises someone else’s opinions.
25.A.Because their bodies are fatigued.
B.Because some people have a greater inertia than others.
C.Because they fall asleep quickly and they are reluctant to get up.
D.Because must make up for the lost sleep.
Passage Three
26.A.Psychosocial effects of breast surgery.
B.Life crises of cancer patients.
C.Female self-image in society.
D.A woman’s perception of her identity.
27.A.It may affect a woman’s physical activity.
B.It may affect a woman’s self-image as a female.
C.It may affect a woman’s perception of idealism.
D.It may affect a woman’s breast reconstruction.
28.A.Because they can put the woman on medication to aid recovery.
B.Because they can help the woman fnd a job if she is unemployed.
C.Because they can help the woman fnd a new partner and remarry.
D.Because they can help the woman get over the physical and psychological blow.
29.A.Because they dread that they will have to see a psychiatrist.
B.Because they think that anxiety and depression are natural responses.
C.Because they can’t recover from the psychological blow of the disease.
D.Because they fear that the medications they receive are not effective.
30.A.Encouraging her to discuss sexual problems with her partner openly.
B.Advising her to see a psychiatrist for further treatment.
C.Advising her to reveal the diagnosis of breast cancer to others.
D.Advising her to use prosthetic device or undergo breast reconstruction.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.The fre must have____after the staff had gone home.
A.broken down B.broken up C.broken out D.broken off
32.When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind，he selects people____and ask them questions.
A.at length B.at random C.in essence D.in bulk
33.My brother’s plans are very____；he wants to master English，French and Spanish before he is sixteen.
A.abundant B.ambitious C.arbitrary D.aggressive
34.She thought it was____not to know some of the basic facts of her country.
A.shameful B.ashamed C.ashame D.ashameful
35.Ted agreed to____the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.
A.call out B.call to C.call off D.call on
36.At the party we found the shy girl____her mother all the time.
A.centering on B.adhering to C.coinciding with D.clinging to
37.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied.
A.originally B.extremely C.violently D.intensively
38.Niagara Falls is a great tourist，drawing millions of visitors every year____.
A.attention B.attraction C.appointment D.arrangement
39.Reading____the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
A.rectifes B.prolongs C.minimizes D.furnishes
40.The local government gave the frst____to education after the war.
A.projection B.protection C.profession D.priority
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the signifcant changes in this city.
A.instinctive B.impressive C.institutional D.imaginary
42.The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.
A.formations B.components C.standards D.ingredients
43.Senior citizens are advised to go in for some creative activities to keep themselves mentally young.
A.search for B.invest in C.engage in D.work out
44.Presumably，excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.
A.Theoretically B.Practically C.Incredibly D.Probably
45.The sitting-room feels comfortable with the freplace shedding warm and faint light.
A.giving off B.calling off C.shaking off D.putting off
46.The nasty language of local offcials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.
A.artifcial B.indecent C.humorous D.lively
47.We shouldn’t treat children as peers or friends，but guide them in making their choices，even if it means with some discipline.
A.persuasion B.punishment C.rewards D.criticism
48.Silk，although it is considered a delicate fabric，is in fact very strong，but it is adversely affected by sunlight.
A.soft B.sheer C.fragile D.refned
49.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.
A.apparently B.slightly C.considerably D.steadily
50.The new government embarked upon a program of radical economic reform.
A.initiated B.produced C.adopted D.implemented
Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEE T.
Researchers at Yale University Medical School and the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford，Conn.， have taken a pretty good look at what happens in the brain of a drunken driver.And it isn’t pretty.
Using 51 scans，the scientists compared the neural activity that 52 on and off like lights on a police car as both sober 53 game.
The maps of activity in different areas of the brain 54 in new detail the impact that drinking has on a complicated 55 task such as driving.
“No one had seen that in a scanner 56 ，”said Dr.Godfrey Pearlson，a Yale psychiatrist and director of the Olin Center.
Pearlson and Vince Calhoun，a researcher at Yale and Olin，first conducted brain scans on 57 drivers as they played the driving simulation game and then as they watched others play the game.
Those scans gave the researchers a baseline of 58 activity in the unimpaired driver.
Subjects were then given a low dose or a high dose of booze—enough to get their blood alcohol content to either 0.04 percent or 0.10 percent.
An inebriated driver often will speed because alcohol has affected the cerebellum，a primitive area of the brain involved in 59 function，the researchers found.But drunken drivers 60 in and out of traffc because of errors in the front parietal cortex，which translates sensory information and helps in the decision-making process，Pearlson said.
Drinking did not seem to change activity in fve other areas of the brain associated with driving， such as vision centers，the researchers found.
But to the surprise of no one，the more the subjects drank，the more trouble they had with their driving.
51.A.imaged B.image
C.imagine D.imaging
52.A.fickered B.turned
C.shone D.illuminated
53.A.practice B.license
C.simulation D.drinking
54.A.involved B.revealed
C.stimulated D.conducted
55.A.mental B.licensed
C.learning D.mantel
56.A.since B.for
C.ever D.before(https://www.daowen.com)
57.A.inebriated B.drinking
C.sober D.sane
58.A.central B.neutral
C.neural D.sensible
59.A.mental B.motor
C.neurotic D.cautious
60.A.weave B.dive
C.fade D.appear
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
During the past 30 years or so，health care has increasingly become a form of business.In addition， the environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the advent of more sophisticated medical technologies and increased specialization.It is no longer true to say that doctors regard their profession as a sacred calling，and while the doctor-patient relationship still remains，it is not the relationship based solely on trust which it used to be.Of course there are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the transparency of their behavior as medical professionals，and patients can receive effective treatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes.
An example of such cooperation can be found in the feld of remote health care，which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions.Since most medical specialists live in cities， patients who live in the country have to travel a long distance to consult a specialist.This is especially hard on the elderly，both financially and physically.Through a computer network，patients who live in the country can consult a medical specialist in the city，tell him their symptoms，and receive advice without the need for a journey to the specialist’s offce.Also，with several doctors being assigned to a single patient，the transparency of each doctor’s behavior is further ensured.
On the other hand，however，it is also true that remote health consultation is not generally regarded as a form of medical treatment.For any sort of consultation to be regarded as medical treatment，most people feel that the patient must actually visit the doctor，and undergo an examination by the doctor in person.Remote health care is essentially a means for doctors to work as a team.In order for this to be practicable，it is important to establish a system whereby fnancial support can be extended to a doctor who，as a member of a medical team，provides only information.Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause of“free access to information”in the health care feld.
61.Which is the best title for the passage？
A.Doctors：Patients’Reliable Friends
B.Health Care in a Dilemma
C.Information Technology Applied to Medical Services
D.Doctor-Patient Relationships
62.As a result of the altered environment surrounding health care，medical practice____.
A.has experienced great changes
B.has changed its nature
C.has abolished the doctor-patient relationship
D.has lost its trust on the part of doctors and patients
63.When they work closely together and share notes，doctors can____.
A.work in a remote area
B.transparentize their behavior
C.set up a relationship with patients
D.treat fnancially and physically disadvantaged patients
64.The writer urges that____.
A.remote health care be implemented
B.doctors be sent to the country
C.people turn down traditional medical treatment
D.a system offering doctor’s fnancial aid be set up
65.It can be concluded that____.
A.information will play an important part in the feld of medical treatment
B.medical professionals will be more specialized
C.the difference between cities and the country will never be eliminated
D.it is impossible for patients to be treated without seeing doctors themselves
Passage Two
Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents，an expert claimed yesterday.Today’s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight.Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young，says Professor Andrew Prentice，from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
At the same time，the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat.Here in Britain，latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38in and may be 42-44in by 2032.This compares with only 32.6in in 1972.Women’s waists have grown from an average of 22 inches in 1920 to 24 inches in the Fifties and 30 inches now.One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger.In the UK alone，more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese—double the number in the mid-Eighties.One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese.The obesity pandemic—an extensive epidemic—which started in the U.S.，has now spread to Europe，Australia，Central America and the Middle East.Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight.Prof Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.
He is not alone in his concern.Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases.Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease.An averagely obese person’s lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.
Prof Prentice said：“So will parents outlive their children，as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist？”The answer is yes—and no.Yes，when the offspring become grossly obese.This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the U.S.Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health.So say No to that doughnut and burger.
66.What does the word“sedentary（Para.1）”mean？
A.Sit still. B.Eat too much.
C.Study very hard. D.Passive thinking.
67.Which statement is TRUE？
A.The average waist size for a man is 36-38in.
B.The average waist size for a woman is 30in.
C.In the mid-eighties，more than half million under-16s in the UK are classed as overweight.
D.The obesity pandemic has now spread to South America.
68.According to Prof Prentice，what are the reasons for the change in our shape？
A.We eat too much and refuse to do physical exercises.
B.High-energy foods are easy to get and technology develops fast.
C.High-energy foods are the main diet and we use technology.
D.High-energy foods are easy to get and we consume less energy.
69.Obesity increases the risk factor of____.
A.diabetes，short sight，cancer，strokes
B.diabetes，cancer，strokes，psychosocial illness
C.cancer，strokes，fatty，heart disease
D.strokes，heart disease，diabetes，headache
70.What does the author mean by“So say No to that doughnut and burger”？
A.Answering the question“Will parents outlive their children？”.
B.The doughnut and burger should be banned.
C.We should lead a healthy life.
D.We should begin dieting.
Passage Three
Valeta Young，81，a retiree from Lodi，Calif.，suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring.But she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it.Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale，answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse's station in San Antonio，Texas.“It's almost a direct link to my doctor，”says Young，who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment.
Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance.Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing feld in medical technology，with more than 25 frms competing to measure remotely—and transmit by phone，Internet or through the airwaves—everything from patients' heart rates to how often they cough.
Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of health-care equipment，doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases.In March， St.Francis University in Pittsburgh，Pa.，partnered with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease.And last fall，Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online，using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.
Such home monitoring，says Dr.George Dailey，a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego，“could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate，blood sugar，lipid levels， kidney functions and even vision.”
Dr.Timothy Moore，executive vice president of Alere Medical，which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10，000 other patients are using，says that almost any vital sign could，in theory，be monitored from home.But he warns，that might not always make good medical sense.He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely，for example，and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value，he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.
Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value.But on one thing they all agree：you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.
71.How does Young monitor her health conditions？
A.By stepping on an electronic scale.
B.By answering a few yes or no questions.
C.By using remote monitoring service.
D.By establishing a direct link to her doctor.
72.Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring？
A.car B.telephone C.Internet D.the airwaves
73.The word“prompted”（Line 1，Paragraph 3）most probably means____.
A.made B.reminded C.aroused D.driven
74.Why is Dr.Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely？
A.Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.
B.Because it doesn’t make good medical sense.
C.Because its value has not been proved by scientifc study.
D.Because it is not allowed by doctors.
75.Which of the following is true according to the text？
A.Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.
B.The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.
C.Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.
D.Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.
Passage Four
A TIME columnist bears witness to an operation to help triplets with cerebral palsy walk like other boys.
Cindy Hickman nearly bled to death the day she gave birth—three months prematurely—to her triplet sons.Weighing less than 2 lbs.each，her babies were alive，but barely.They clung so tenuously to life that her doctors recommended she name them A，B and C.Then，after a year of heroic interventions— brain shunts，tracheotomies，skull remodeling—often requiring emergency helicopter rides to the hospital nearest their rural Tennessee home，the Hickmans learned that their triplets had cerebral palsy.
Fifteen years ago there wasn’t much that could be done about cerebral palsy，a disorder caused by damage to the motor centers of the brain.But pediatric medicine has come a long way since then，both in intervention before birth，with better prenatal care and various techniques to postpone delivery，and surgical interventions after birth to correct physical defciencies.So although the incidence of cerebral palsy seems to be increasing（because the odds of preemies surviving are so much better），so too are the number of success stories.
This is one of them.Lane，Codie and Wyatt（as the Hickman boys are called）have spastic cerebral palsy，the most common form，accounting for nearly 80%of cases.“We frst noticed that they weren’t walking when they should，”Cindy recalls.“Instead they were only doing the combat crawl.”Their brains seemed to be developing age appropriately，but their muscles were unnaturally stiff，making walking diffcult if not impossible.
Happily，spastic cerebral palsy is also the most treatable form of CP，largely thanks to a procedure known as selective dorsal rhizotomy，in which the nerve roots that are causing the problem are isolated and severed.Among the frst to champion SDR in the U.S.in the late 1980s was Dr.T.S.Park，a Korean-born pediatric neurosurgeon at Washington University in St.Louis，Mo.，who has preformed more than 800 of these operations and hopes to do an additional 1，000 before he retires.
Peering through a microscope and guided by an electric probe，we were able to distinguish between the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord.The ventral roots send information to the muscle； the dorsal roots send information back to the spinal cord.The dorsal roots cause spasticity，and if just the right ones are severed，the symptoms can be greatly reduced.
Nearly half a million Americans suffer from cerebral palsy.Not all are candidates for SDR，but Park estimates that as many as half may be.He gets the best results with children between ages 2 and 6 who were born prematurely and have stiffness only in their legs.He is known for performing the operation very high up in the spine，right where the nerve roots exit the spinal cord.It’s riskier that way，but the recovery is faster，and in Park’s skilled hands，the success rate is higher.
Cindy and Jeremy Hickman will testify to that.Just a few weeks after the procedure，two of their sons are walking almost normally and the third is rapidly improving.
76.When the triplets were born，____.
A.both the triplets and their mother nearly died
B.they didn’t have cerebral palsy
C.doctors didn’t believe they were going to survive
D.they received medical intervention like brain shunts
77.Cerebral palsy is____.
A.a deadly disease
B.a kind of brain disorder
C.not treatable for children who are over 6 and have stiffness in their legs
D.to be cured by isolating and cutting off the right nerve roots
78.There are more and more cases of cerebral palsy____.
A.because there are more and more triplets
B.because more and more babies prematurely born are able to survive
C.so there are more cases of successful treatment
D.so there are more candidates for SDR
79.Dr.T.S.Park____.
A.is a successful pioneer in adopting SDR operations in CP treatment
B.is famous because of his success with the triplets who are very diffcult cases
C.is ambitious by hoping to do another 1，000 SDR operations
D.is not cautious enough by taking risks to perform the operation very high up the spine
80.SDR is a procedure of____.
A.prenatal intervention using delivery postponing techniques
B.surgical intervention after birth to reduce spastic symptoms
C.isolating and severing either of the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord
D.great risk and high effciency
Passage Five
Parkinson’s disease，first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as “shaking palsy”，is among the most prevalent neurological disorders.According to the United Nations， at least four million people worldwide have it；in North America，estimates run from 500，000 to one million，with about 50，000 diagnosed every year.These fgures are expected to double by 2040 as the world’s elderly population grows；indeed，Parkinson’s and other neurodegenerative illnesses common in the elderly（such as Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis）are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death.But the disease is not entirely one of the aged：50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60；the other half are affected before then.Furthermore，better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40.
So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow，stop or prevent Parkinson’s.Although treatments do exist—including drugs and deep-brain stimulation—these therapies alleviate symptoms， not causes.In recent years，however，several promising developments have occurred.In particular， investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease.Such fndings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identifed.
As its 19th-century name suggests—and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinson’s sufferers such as Janet Reno，Muhammad Ali and Michael J.Fox—the disease is characterized by movement disorders.Tremor in the hands，arms and elsewhere，limb rigidity，slowness of movement，and impaired balance and coordination are among the disease’s hallmarks.
In addition，some patients have trouble walking，talking，sleeping，urinating and performing sexually.
These impairments result from neurons dying.Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain，those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit.These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia， a complex circuit deep within the brain that fne-tunes and co-ordinates movement.Initially the brain can function normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra，even though it cannot replace the dead cells.But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear，the brain can no longer cover for them.The defcit then produces the same effect that losing air traffc control does at a major airport. Delays，false starts，cancellations and，ultimately，chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control—the thalamus，basal ganglia and cerebral cortex—no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit.
81.Which of the following statements about Parkinson’s disease can be best supported by the passage？
A.Parkinson’s disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old people.
B.Parkinson’s disease is not entirely one of the aged，as half of the patients are young people.
C.Parkinson’s disease frst appeared in the 19th century.
D.Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder，but not yet a neurodegenerative illness.
82.The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinson’s disease can help____.
A.prevent Parkinson’s
B.alleviate the causes of Parkinson’s
C.fnd new avenues for treatment of Parkinson’s
D.cure Parkinson’s
83.According to the passage，what causes Parkinson’s disease？
A.The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells.
B.The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer coordinate movement.
C.There are tumors in the brain.
D.There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brain.
84.Janet Remo and Michael J.Fox are mentioned in the passage because____.
A.they were experts on Parkinson’s disease
B.they made great efforts to fght Parkinson’s disease
C.they succeeded in fghting Parkinson’s disease
D.they were well-known sufferers of Parkinson’s disease
85.The primary purpose of this passage is to____.
A.analyze what causes Parkinson’s disease
B.demonstrate how to prevent Parkinson’s disease
C.warn the young people of the danger of Parkinson’s disease
D.present new movements in the study of Parkinson’s disease
Passage Six
“I got cancer in my prostate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fctional 15th Precinct，a stoic，big bear of a man，is clearly in a world of pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue.The story line deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups，hospital indignities and physician arrogance.The malapropism （Andy，of course，meant“prostate”）is about the only medical detail the show got wrong—and it was deliberate，in keeping with Sipowicz’s coarse but tenderhearted character.
Television，which can still depict death as an event akin to fainting，is beginning to try harder to get its health information right.And a handful of foundations and consultants are working to get the attention of writers，producers and assorted Hollywood moguls，trying to convince them that，in the area of medicine，the truth is as compelling as fction.
The stakes are high.Surveys show a surprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors，not even from newspapers or news magazines，but from entertainment television.A survey by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas at least twice a week—more than 38 million people—about half learned something about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.
Certain television shows are naturals for health education.The Clinton administration has been quick to recognize the potency of the entertainment media as a health promoter.Secretary Donna Shalala，whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures and public service announcements，has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help them ensure accuracy.“Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans，”she told U.S.News.“In recent years，I have challenged television talk-show hosts，writers， and producers—as professionals，parents，and citizen—to use this incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”
86.The story line“I got cancer in my prostate”is intended to achieve a（n）____effect.
A.amusing B.serious C.puzzling D.saddening
87.The word“malapropism”in the frst paragraph can be defned as____.
A.an improper scene in a show B.a signifcant detail of a story
C.a wrong use of a word D.an interesting plot
88.We can infer from the passage that____.
A.TV shows must take into consideration the public health consequences
B.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fction and truth
C.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their shows
D.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy
89.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A.TV shows are often misleading in medical details.
B.TV’s role as a health promoter is already recognized.
C.Offcial support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientifc and accurate.
D.Entertainment is justifed in making up absurd stories.
90.The author would be in favor of____.
A.absurd but entertaining TV shows B.mixing medicine and entertainment
C.medical documentaries on TV D.a divorce between science and entertainment
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
气候变化对人类健康的影响被低估
英国伦敦大学全球健康研究所公布的一项报告称，气候变化对人类健康的威胁相当大，以至于破坏了近50年来全球卫生事业发展的收益。该研究成果发表在6月23日的《柳叶刀》杂志上。
该报告提供的新证据显示，减缓和适应气候变化的行动对健康有直接和间接的好处，如降低空气污染、改善饮食习惯等，而全球共同应对气候变化的努力则代表着本世纪改善全球健康的一个最大机会。
研究人员指出，由于气候变化给人类健康所带来的潜在灾难性风险被大大低估，当可解决问题的技术和金融手段具备时，却匮乏实施行动的全球政治意愿。
伦敦大学全球健康研究所委员会联席主席安东尼•科斯特洛教授说：“气候变化已潜在地逆转了人类近几十年来从经济发展中获得的健康收益，不仅变化着的、更为不稳定的气候对健康会产生直接影响，移民增加和社会稳定性的减少也产生着间接影响。但研究分析同样清楚地表明，应对气候变化也可以有利于健康，事实上这也代表着一个造福世世代代人类健康的最大机会。”
报告显示，极端气候事件，如热浪、洪水、干旱和风暴的频率增加，是气候变化对健康的直接影响；间接影响则来自感染疾病模式的变化、空气污染、食品安全和营养不良、非自愿移民和冲突等。
应对气候变化的行动有很多方式，可带来直接的健康收益，如燃烧更少的化石燃料、倡导更绿色的交通方式，均有助于减少呼吸道疾病、肥胖、糖尿病、冠心病等疾病的发生。
全球健康研究所的结论是，推进全球低碳经济的发展这样一个国际共识是必不可少的。他们提出了一个气候变化影响人类健康和社会经济结构的详细分析报告，为政策决策者提供了一套清晰高效的对策建议。报告还建议成立一个新的气候变化和健康的全球独立机构，每两年监测和报告气候变化对健康的影响。
This is the end of Model Test Seven.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）