模拟试题十 听力原文
模拟试题十
Model Test Ten
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example：
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.A lung cancer.B.An eye problem.
C.A chest pain.D.Feeling uncomfortable.
2.A.He should have a fever.B.He should not have a fever any more.
C.The woman is telling a lie.D.He knows he is having a fever.
3.A.The nurse told the man when she made the testing.
B.The man breathed normally this time without knowing it.
C.The man should take the medicine after testing.
D.The man was angry for not being told about the truth.
4.A.Take it back to the store.B.Find the warranty.
C.Read instructions.D.Call for help.
5.A.Disconnect his telephone.
B.Blow a whistle into the receiver.
C.Keep a record of incoming annoyance calls.
D.Report his problem to the police.
6.A.Betty told him.B.Peter told him.
C.Paul told him.D.Nobody told him.
7.A.By going on a diet.B.By having fewer meals.
C.By doing physical exercise.D.By eating fruits and vegetables.
8.A.It’s flled with lies.B.It doesn’t describe all her.
C.It is too long.D.It contains one lie.
9.A.2.B.3.
C.4.D.11.
10.A.She decided to buy a gold necklace.
B.She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings and a gold necklace to match them.
C.She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings to match a gold necklace that she already had.
D.She decided to buy a pair of silver earrings because they were cheaper than the gold ones.
11.A.He is quite easy to recognize.B.He is an outstanding speaker.
C.He looks like a movie star.D.He looks young for his age.
12.A.Pounding.B.Pulse beat.
C.Gradually.D.Suddenly.
13.A.The man did not believe what the woman said.
B.The man accompanied the woman to the hospital.
C.The woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury.
D.The woman may not follow the doctor’s instructions.
14.A.Bob is serious about Sally.
B.Bob never goes steady with a girl.
C.Bob will soon change his girlfriend.
D.Bob is not serious about Sally.
15.A.He spilled his drink onto the foor.
B.He has just fnished wiping the foor.
C.He was caught in a shower on his way home.
D.He rushed out of the bath to answer the phone.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.A chest pain.
B.Anemia.
C.A coronary heart disease.
D.A blood disease.
17.A.Eat light and low-fat food.
B.Eat less each time but frequently.
C.Eat some vegetables and fruits.
D.Eat large quantities with low-fat food.
18.A.Lack of exercise.
B.Lack of vitamin C.
C.Their intestine functions slowly.
D.Lack of massage of abdomen.
19.A.50 years old.B.60 years old.
C.70 years old.D.80 years old.
20.A.Not to worry too much.B.Not to smoke and drink.
C.Not to over work.D.Not to stumble.
Passage Two
21.A.17.6 million.
B.Several million.
C.Two thirds of Americans.
D.Not mentioned.
22.A.More than two drinks for men per day.
B.Binge drink and heavy dinking at time.
C.Binge drink and heavy drinking every day.
D.More than one drink for women per day.
23.A.Skin cancer.B.Lung cancer.
C.Breast Cancer.D.Liver cancer.
24.A.Craving.B.Tolerance.
C.Loss of control.D.Withdrawal symptom.
25.A.Genetics.B.Environment.
C.Pressure form life.D.All of the above.
Passage Three
26.A.She engaged in feld research on environmental pollution.
B.She helped families move away from industrial polluters.
C.She taught chemistry and microbiology courses in a college.
D.She gave lectures on how to become a public speaker.
27.A.The job restricted her from revealing her fndings.
B.She was offered a better job in a minority community.
C.The job posed a potential threat to her health.
D.She found the working conditions frustrating.
28.A.More branches of her company have been set up.
B.Many toxic sites in America have been cleaned up.
C.More environmental organizations have appeared.
D.Some giant industrial polluters have gone out of business.
29.A.Her rigorous training in delivering eloquent speeches.
B.Her lifelong commitment to domestic and global issues.
C.He widespread infuence among members of Congress.
D.Her ability to communicate through public speaking.
30.A.Japan.B.Mexico.
C.China.D.Canada.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.The thieves fed with the local police close on their.
A.backs B.necks C.toes D.heels
32.A friendship may be deep，lasting，or____，casual and situational.
A.critical B.identical C.superfcial D.original
33.The head of the Museum was____and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.
A.promising B.agreeing C.pleasing D.obliging
34.It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are____it.
A.involved in B.indulged in C.disposed to D.exposed to
35.Tim has failed three courses this semester，so he will have to____them next semester.
A.remake B.repeat C.reapply D.revise
36.The tone of the article____the writer’s mood at the time.
A.reproduced B.refected C.imagined D.imitated
37.The scientists have made an____study of the viruses that cause the disease.
A.exhausted B.exhausting C.exhaustive D.exhaustion
38.In the face of unexpected diffculties，he demonstrated a talent for quick，____action.
A.determining B.defensive C.demanding D.decisive
39.Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue.The italicized phrase means____.
A.unexpectedly B.unhappily C.untidily D.unoffcially
40.The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did____.
A.absolutely B.accidentally C.accordingly D.accurately
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.If a cat comes too close to its nest，the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring.
A.hastens B.triggers C.devises D.releases
42.Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.
A.Tension B.Excitement C.Fear D.Nervousness
43.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.
A.ideal B.required C.optional D.standard
44.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A.result B.judgment C.decision D.event
45.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.
A.secrets B.details C.benefts D.words
46.Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long.
A.anxious B.curious C.opposed D.unwilling
47.The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.
A.establish B.maximize C.guarantee D.promote
48.You have to pay a（n）premium for express delivery.
A.extra charge B.extra price C.extra tip D.extra bonus
49.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A.promote B.paint C.produce D.polish
50.We’re happy to report that business is booming this year.
A.failing B.open C.successful D.risky
Part ⅢCloze（10%）
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States，after heart disease.In the past，it was often considered a death sentence. But many patients now live longer 51 of improvements in discovery and treatment.
Researchers say death 52 in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years.Survival rates have increased for most of the top ffteen cancers in both men and women，and for cancers in 53 .
The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors.A cancer survivor is defned 54 anyone who has been found to have cancer.This would include current patients.
The study covered the period from 1971 to 2001.The researchers found there are three 55 as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago.In 1971，the United States had about three million cancer survivors.Today there are about ten million.
The study also found that 64%of adults with cancer can expect to still be 56 in fve years. Thirty years ago，the fve-year survival rate was 50%.The government wants to 57 the fve-year survival rate to 70%by 2010.
The risk of cancer increases with age.The report says the majority of survivors are 65 years and older.
But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live 58 longer. Researchers say 80%of children with cancer will survive at least fve years after the discovery. About 75%will survive at 59 ten years.In the 1970s，the fve-year survival rate for children was about 50%.In the 1960s，most children did not survive cancer.Researchers say they expect more improvements in cancer treatment in the future.In fact，they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore. They say public health programs should also aim to support the 60 numbers of cancer survivors and their families.
51.A.owing B.because
C.regardless D.due
52.A.opportunities B.results
C.orders D.rates
53.A.men B.women
C.children D.people
54.A.as B.by
C.at D.for
55.A.numbers B.periods
C.times D.rounds
56.A.strong B.alive
C.healthy D.happy
57.A.fx B.lower
C.study D.increase
58.A.very B.fairly
C.much D.more
59.A.little B.least
C.less D.better
60.A.small B.growing
C.fxed D.mixed
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia，one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters，Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan，suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.“Am I in this？”he asks，before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter，Lawrence explains，“He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you’re a kind of thief.”
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands，stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The“ignorant natives”may have had a point.When photography first became available，scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers’exaggerated accounts.But in some ways，anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s，many ethnographers sought“pure”pictures of“primitive”cultures，routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties，often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis，the legendary photographer of North American Indians，for example，got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915—even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated， primitive，and unchanging.For instance，National Geographic magazine’s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic，the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don’t challenge white，middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops，for example，white women’s breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb，such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine，are discarded in favor of those that reassure to conform with the society’s stated pledge to present only“kindly”visions of foreign societies.The result，Lutz and Collins say，is the depiction of“an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class confict.”
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child，and its lush imagery infuenced her eventual choice off anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures，they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.
61.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
B.There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.
C.Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.
D.Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures，compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.
62.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often____.
A.took pictures with the natives
B.gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
C.asked for pictures from the natives
D.gave the natives clocks and Western dresses
63.The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to____.
A.show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.
B.illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
C.show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.
D.show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
64.“But in some ways，anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.”In this sentence，the“one culture that stares back” refers to____.
A.the indigenous culture B.the Western culture
C.the academic culture D.the news business culture
65.With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree？
A.Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.
B.The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.
C.The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
D.People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.
Passage Two
Having a few too many drinks can mean more than just a blackout or a bad hangover.People who engage in binge drinking are courting danger，experts warn.
Binge drinking is most common at colleges and universities，where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage.A 1997 study from the Harvard School of Public Health reports that 42.7% of all college students engage in binge drinking.The well-publicized deaths of several college students from binge drinking in 1997 highlights the risks.
An 18-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology drank himself into a coma and died.A 20-year-old fraternity pledge at Louisiana State University died from alcohol poisoning.
“Alcohol is always toxic.It’s really a poison，”said Steven Schandler，professor of psychology at Chapman University and chief of addiction research at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health Care System，who added that binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning.“Because it’s a poison，like any other poison，if you take in a little bit，you might tolerate it，but if you take in a lot，you might die.”
Administrators and doctors say that college freshmen are especially at risk for alcohol poisoning，in part because they often lack the maturity to refrain or stop.And for some who may be new to drinking， their bodies have a relatively low tolerance for alcohol.
But problems with alcohol aren’t limited to teenagers and young adults.A 39-year-old Buena Park man recently recalled that two days of steady imbibing on a trip to Las Vegas several years ago left him in bad shape.
Doctors say blood alcohol levels of about 4%—fve times the legal intoxication limit of 0.8%—can induce potentially lethal side effects in most people.Alcoholics have higher limits.Although not well understood，enzymes that break down and expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys do so more effectively in seasoned drinkers，allowing them to tolerate more，Schandler said.
Regardless of a person’s tolerance，alcohol exerts its infuence when the amount of alcohol taken in exceeds the amount that the body can digest.At that point，alcohol passes from the bloodstream into the brain and begins its attack.Alcohol frst affects the brain’s cortex，which controls more sophisticated thought processes.That’s why people generally become less inhibited under the infuence of alcohol，and some are more willing to try things that could be dangerous to themselves or others.
Coordination，mainly controlled by the cerebellum，is the next to go，leading to slurred speech and diffculty walking in a straight line.As excessive drinking continues，alcohol moves deeper into the brain until“it gets to the very basic structure of the brain stem that affects things like respiration and heart beat，”said Dr.Bret Ginther，an assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at UC Irvine.
At that point，people may pass out or fall into a coma.Their vital signs may weaken.“The most common cause of death from alcohol poisoning is respiratory arrest，”said Ginther.Eventually，the heart simply stops.Getting to that point is fairly unusual.But Ginther said that at least once or twice a month，patients are brought into the emergency room at UCI Medical Center in Orange suffering from alcohol poisoning.
College offcials say they are always on the lookout for alcohol abuse but say there is no fail-safe method to keep students from drinking.Many colleges try to educate students，especially those caught drinking illegally or causing disruptions.The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention in Newton，Mass，advocates a community-based approach that includes administrators， faculty，police and businesses in the fght to curb binge drinking，in part by being on alert for people abusing alcohol.The center also stresses the importance of parental guidance and urges parents to have frank discussions with their children about excessive drinking.
66.From the passage，we can learn that“binge drinking”is____.
A.an excessive consumption of alcohol
B.drinking oneself into a coma
C.drinking poisonous alcohol
D.a kind of illegal drinking
67.Why are college freshmen especially at risk for alcohol poisoning according to administrators and doctors？
A.Their bodies are not used to alcohol.
B.They can not refrain themselves.
C.They are under greater pressure.
D.Both A and B.
68.What can enzymes do when one is drunk？
A.They help drunken people survive when they take in more alcohol than tolerable.
B.They help people in coma regain consciousness.
C.They expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys.
D.They can make people stay conscious.
69.Which of the following is TRUE？
A.College offcials are aware of the seriousness of students’binge drinking but can not do anything.
B.College offcials are taking measures to prevent binge drinking though without much success.
C.College offcials think that they do not have any methods to stop students from drinking.
D.College offcials just stand by without doing anything to the problem.
70.Binge drinking may most seriously lead to____.
A.death B.craziness C.disability D.unconsciousness
Passage Three
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season，however，he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years，and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to ft the growing numbers of bigger，longer frames.
The trend in sports，though，may be obscuring an unrecognized reality：Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago，today’s people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today， at this genetic，environmental level，we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go，”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players，their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth，which rarely continues beyond the age of 20，demands calories and nutrients—notably， protein—to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the 20th century，under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved，children and adolescents have，on average， increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years，a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，average height—5′9″for men， 5′4″for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking，there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth，larger babies have more diffculty passing through the birth canal.Moreover，even though humans have been upright for millions of years，our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism，”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change，but don’t expect this to happen soon.Claire C.Gordon，senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick，Mass.，ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that，unlike those for basketball，the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment，Gordon says that by and large，“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confdent.”
71.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.
A.illustrate the change of height of NBA players
B.show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.
C.compare different generations of NBA players
D.assess the achievements of famous NBA players
72.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text？
A.Genetic modifcation. B.Natural environment.
C.Living standards. D.Daily exercise.
73.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree？
A.Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
B.Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
C.Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
D.Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
74.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future____.
A.the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size
B.the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged
C.genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen
D.the existing data of human height will still be applicable
75.The text intends to tell us that____.
A.the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern
B.human height is becoming even more predictable
C.Americans have reached their genetic growth limit
D.the genetic pattern of Americans has altered
Passage Four
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive，the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense，and over three decades，some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today，as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences， enlisted by the White House，to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is defnitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy，Bruce Alberts，added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future，and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking，voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete，that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game：by the 100 percent of the evidence is in，it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing，a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately，the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action，they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet，we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research but research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative， Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia，which would offer fnancial incentives for private industry，is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere，it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
76.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that____.
A.there was no scientifc evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignifcant
C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
77.According to Bruce Alberts，science can serve as____.
A.a protector B.a judge C.a critic D.a guide
78.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”（last line，Paragraph 4）？(https://www.daowen.com)
A.Endless studies kill action. B.Careful investigation reveals truth.
C.Prudent planning hinders. D.Extensive research helps decision-making.
79.According to the author，what should the Administration do about global warming？
A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B.Raise public awareness of conservation.
C.Press for further scientifc research.
D.Take some legislative measures.
80.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because____.
A.they both suffered from the government’s negligence
B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D.both of them have turned from bad to worse
Passage Five
For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn”.People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant，who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences，among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant felds such queries from the average Joe（whose IQ is 100）as—What’s the difference between love and fondness？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to fgure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly，intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology，genetics，computer science and other felds？
The defning term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales（both come in adult and children’s version）. Generally costing several hundred dollars，they are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test（SAT）and the Graduate Record Exam（GRE），capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life，argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover，IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions，but under high-stress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is， it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters，whether it knows when to guess or what questions to skip.
81.Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test？
A.Answering philosophical questions.
B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
C.Telling the difference between certain concepts.
D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
82.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
D.Scientists have defned the important elements of human intelligence.
83.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because____.
A.the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
B.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
C.Vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat
D.the defning characteristic of IQ tests has changed
84.We can conclude from the last paragraph that____.
A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability
B.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated
C.testing involves a lot of guesswork
D.traditional tests are out of date
85.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test？
A.Supportive. B.Skeptical. C.Impartial. D.Biased.
Passage Six
A TIME columnist bears witness to an operation to help triplets with cerebral palsy walk like other boys.
Cindy Hickman nearly bled to death the day she gave birth―three months prematurely―to her triplet sons.Weighing less than 2 lbs.each，her babies were alive，but barely.They clung so tenuously to life that her doctors recommended she name them A，B and C.Then，after a year of heroic interventions―brain shunts， tracheotomies，skull remodeling―often requiring emergency helicopter rides to the hospital nearest their rural Tennessee home，the Hickmans learned that their triplets had cerebral palsy.
Fifteen years ago there wasn’t much that could be done about cerebral palsy，a disorder caused by damage to the motor centers of the brain.But pediatric medicine has come a long way since then，both in intervention before birth，with better prenatal care and various techniques to postpone delivery，and surgical interventions after birth to correct physical defciencies.So although the incidence of cerebral palsy seems to be increasing（because the odds of preemies surviving are so much better），so too are the number of success stories.
This is one of them.Lane，Codie and Wyatt（as the Hickman boys are called）have spastic cerebral palsy，the most common form，accounting for nearly 80%of cases.“We frst noticed that they weren’t walking when they should，”Cindy recalls.“Instead they were only doing the combat crawl.”Their brains seemed to be developing age appropriately，but their muscles were unnaturally stiff，making walking diffcult if not impossible.
Happily，spastic cerebral palsy is also the most treatable form of CP，largely thanks to a procedure known as selective dorsal rhizotomy，in which the nerve roots that are causing the problem are isolated and severed.Among the frst to champion SDR in the U.S.in the late 1980s was Dr.T.S.Park，a Korean-born pediatric neurosurgeon at Washington University in St.Louis，Mo.，who has performed more than 800 of these operations and hopes to do an additional 1，000 before he retires.Having performed the operation myself as a resident in neurosurgery，I was eager to see how the country’s most prolifc SDR surgeon does it.Last month I got an opportunity to stand by his side as he operated on 3-year-old Lane Hickman.
Peering through a microscope and guided by an electric probe，we were able to distinguish between the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord.The ventral roots send information to the muscle； the dorsal roots send information back to the spinal cord.The dorsal roots cause spasticity，and if just the right ones are severed，the symptoms can be greatly reduced.
Nearly half a million Americans suffer from cerebral palsy.Not all are candidates for SDR，but Park estimates that as many as half may be.He gets the best results with children between ages 2 and 6 who were born prematurely and have stiffness only in their legs.He is known for performing the operation very high up in the spine，right where the nerve roots exit the spinal cord.It’s riskier that way，but the recovery is faster，and in Park’s skilled hands，the success rate is higher.
Cindy and Jeremy Hickman will testify to that.Just a few weeks after the procedure，two of their sons are walking almost normally and the third is rapidly improving.
86.When the triplets were born____.
A.both the triplets and their mother nearly died
B.they didn’t have cerebral palsy
C.doctors didn’t believe they were going to survive
D.they received medical intervention like brain shunts
87.Cerebral palsy is____.
A.deadly disease
B.a kind of brain disorder
C.not treatable for children who are over 6 and have stiffness in their legs
D.to be cured by isolating and cutting off the right nerve roots
88.There are more and more cases of cerebral palsy____.
A.because there are more and more triplets
B.because more and more babies prematurely born are able to survive
C.so there are more cases of successful treatment
D.so there are more candidates for SDR
89.Dr.T.S.Park____.
A.is a successful pioneer in adopting SDR operations in CP treatment
B.is famous because of his success with the triplets who are very diffcult cases
C.is ambitious by hoping to do another 1，000 SDR operations
D.is not cautious enough by taking risks to perform the operation very high up the spine
90.SDR is a procedure of____.
A.prenatal intervention using delivery postponing techniques
B.surgical intervention after birth to reduce spastic symptoms
C.isolating and severing either of the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord
D.great risk and high effciency
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
人格变化
自从现代心理学建立以来，由老龄化引发的人格变化一直是大家争论的话题。人格发展理论有两大主要流派。第一个流派认为成年人的人格是相对稳定的。例如，麦克卡雷和考斯塔指出25～30岁的成年人的人格结构一般不会有大的变化。弗洛伊德认为一个人的人格发展到了青春期就相对完整，40岁以后几乎就不会再发生变化。这些作者认为人格发展就像身高一样，逐渐稳定并进入最佳成熟状态。另一方面，第二个流派认为人格以可塑性与变化为特征，人格发展会随着人生阅历变化而发生变化。卡斯皮和巴尔迪茨主张，虽然人格显现出一定的稳定性，但人与环境间的交互作用极其复杂，人格变化会贯穿于人的一生。
人格特点的纵向研究表明，基本的人格特征在成年人阶段还是相对稳定的。例如，巴尔迪摩的纵向研究发现，诸如情绪性、外倾性、开放性等在内的人格衡量指标在10年或更长的时间内存在显著的稳定性。科学家们在明尼苏达州进行的一项长达30年的相同研究也得出了类似的结论。而且，在老年人中进行的访谈发现，一个人的自我意象似乎没有随着年龄的增长而发生什么变化。这使得一些人类学家推断自我意象本质上是“永恒的”。很多理论学者相信一旦进入成年期，人格就不再有显著的变化。然而，近期的纵向研究发现绝对稳定性被高估了。事实上，人们已经发现了成年期出现的显著的个人内在变化。一般说来，随着宜人性和责任感的增加，情绪性、外倾性降低。这就意味着心理层面上的成熟始于成人阶段之初。随着年龄的增长，成熟速度下降，但持续性的重大变化不断出现，直至高龄阶段。例如，斐尔德和米尔萨普的纵向研究发现情绪性下降会延续到69岁，然后趋向平稳直到83岁，而宜人性增加，外向性减弱的变化也延续到83岁。
尽管基本的人格特征在成年期还相当稳定，但人格的其他方面会出现一些可预见性的变化。成人阶段人格变化之一就是更加醉心于个人内心世界，包括增加对个人感情和经历的关注，减少外倾性。这种持续增长的内倾性格的变化经常伴随着比年轻时候更少的冲动和更谨慎的行为。在某些情况下，还伴随对外部世界兴趣的降低，行事会更加小心翼翼。
纵向研究已经发现，随着年龄的增长，成年人越来越表现出彼此间的差异。人际交往的风格更加个性化，人们也较以往更加的“自我”。在一定程度上，这可能是由于老年人降低了对顺应外部世界期望的需求，在缺乏清晰、明确的老年社会角色标准的社会当中尤其如此。另外，有些变化还可能是由于阿耳茨海默式病（早老性痴呆）、艾滋病、中风，或者其他疾病如脑瘤、感染、抑郁、其他压力等引起的。
This is the end of Model Test Ten.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）
模拟试题十 答案与解析
Part ⅠListening Comprehension
Section A
1.【A】根据男士的问题：“听说像我这样的肺癌病人最后会被疼死，对吗”可知，他罹患肺癌。胸部疼痛、感觉不舒适都是他的症状。因此本题正确答案为A。
2.【B】根据男士回答“为什么？我已经吃药了啊”可知，他认为自己已经服药，不应该再发烧。因此正确答案为B。
3.【B】根据女护士的说法：“如果我告诉你了，你又该不能自然地呼吸了”可知，男士不知道他被测试了呼吸频率。这次在不知情的状况下，服药后测试的结果是正常的。因此B为正确答案。
4.【D】从“Didn’t a hotline number come with it？”可推知男士建议女士打热线电话咨询。
5.【C】“Beginning today，we want you to keep a record of the time each call occurs.”女士建议从今天开始把每个电话的时间记录下来，据此可查恼人的电话。
6.【A】从“That’s what I heard from Betty；”可知，从Betty那里听说了这件事。
7.【C】根据女士的回答“prefer to eat whatever”and“then run regularly”可知，女士宁愿正常吃饭，通过规律运动来减体重。因此本题选C。
8.【B】“That’s not quite true.My father was an advertising consultant and he gave me a fairly thorough introduction to the business.”（那不完全正确。我父亲是个广告顾问，他就这个工作给了我很全面的介绍），据此可推断答案为B。
9.【B】根据女士的回答，她有两个孩子，一个3岁，一个4岁，他们只差11个月，因此女士年级小的孩子是3岁。
10.【C】从“give me the gold ones.I have a gold necklace that would look very nice with them.”可知，她选中金色的那个来配她的金色的项链。
11.【A】他瘦高个，秃头，留胡子。因此很好认。stand out意为“突出”。
12.【D】题目问的是男士如何描述发病时的情况，男士用pounding和pulse beat来形容疼痛，用out of the blue来形容“突然，毫无准备”，与suddenly同义。
13.【D】从“Maybe you should’ve taken it three times a day as you were told.”（大意是：你本应该一天服三次药）可推断出女士未按医嘱服用药物。
14.【A】男士：你觉得鲍勃对萨利是认真的吗？女士：我从未见过鲍勃和同一个女孩约会过这么多次。从女士的回答我们可以看出，女士认为鲍勃对萨利是认真的，故答案为A。
15.【D】“The phone rang the moment I got into the shower.”句意：电话响的时候我在淋浴呢。据此可推断出男士湿身冲出去接电话导致地板湿了。
Section B
Passage One
16.【C】根据对话，医生认为男士有冠心病，本次发病便是因为心脏供血不足引发的，was brought on by an insuffcient blood supply to the heart，因此本题正确答案为C。
17.【D】根据医生的叮嘱，男士在饮食方面必须要清淡（light），低脂（low fat），少食多餐（frequent but small in quantity），进食蔬菜和水果。只有D选项（大量的低脂食物）与原文有出入，故答案为D。
18.【C】根据医生建议，适量运动、食用蔬菜和水果、每天按摩腹部都是为了防止便秘的，但是对于老年人来讲，便秘产生的原因是intestine has become sluggish，即肠功能减弱，因此本题正确答案为C。
19.【C】从对话可知，男士说自己养成了好的习惯，都没有意识到自己已经70岁了，因此本题答案为C。
20.【D】医生给了男士很多建议，比如放弃smoking and drinking，听听音乐，不要过度劳累等等，但是最重要的是（above all），不要摔跤（stumble），因此本题答案为D。
Passage Two
21.【A】“Currently，nearly 17.6 million adult Americans abuse alcohol or are alcoholic.”句意：目前，有1760万的美国成年人滥用酒或成为嗜酒者。
22.【C】从“These patterns include binge drinking and heavy drinking on a regular basis.”可知这些形式包括经常地纵酒狂欢和大量地饮酒。
23.【D】“Heavy drinking can increase the risk for certain cancers，especially those of the liver，esophagus，throat，and larynx.”句意：过度的饮酒可以增加患某些癌症的危险，特别是肝癌，食道癌和咽喉癌。
24.【D】“Withdrawal symptoms，such as nausea，sweating，shakiness，and anxiety，occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking.”句意：在过度饮酒停下来之后就会发生诸如恶心，出汗，哆嗦和焦虑这样的断瘾症状。
25.【D】文中最后提到饮酒与基因，环境和生活的压力都有关。故答案为D。
Passage Three
26.【A】“As part of her job，she conducted feld research on toxic substances in the environment， often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters.”句意：她工作的一部分是，对环境的有毒物质进行现场的调查，经常在工业污染源严重的少数民族居住区。可推知她从事环境污染研究。
27.【A】从“Frustrated by these restrictions，Subra left her job in 1981，”可知，她的工作限制她把调查结果公之于众，于是愤而辞职。
28.【B】“Because of her efforts，dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up.”句意：由于她的努力，整个国家好几个有毒的地方都被清理干净了。
29.【D】“Partly through her scientific training，partly through her commitment to environmental justice.But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. “Public speaking，”she says，“is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.”从这句可以看出她的成功一部分是通过她科学的训练，一部分是通过她对环境正义的承诺，最重要的是她通过演讲获得的沟通能力。故答案为D。
30.【C】“Along the way she has lectured at Harvard，testifed before Congress，and addressed audiences in 40 states，as well as in Mexico，Canada，and Japan.”从中可以看出她在哈佛大学开过讲座，在国会作过证，在墨西哥、加拿大和日本以及国内四十个州进行过演讲。故答案为C。
Part ⅡVocabulary
Section A
31.【D】题干：小偷们在逃窜，其后有当地的警察紧追不舍。on one’s heels是一个固定搭配，意思是“紧随其后，紧追不舍”。其他各项都没有这种用法。因此，应该选择D。
32.【C】题干：友谊可以是深厚而持久的，也可以是肤浅、偶然的。critical“吹毛求疵的”；identical“相同的”；superfcial“肤浅的”；original“有创见的”。句子中or连接两个意思相反的词，所以选前文deep的反义词，C正确。
33.【D】题干：博物馆馆长非常热心，甚至允许我们仔细查看那些古代手稿。obliging表示“热心助人的，亲切的”，此含义正好符合句意。promising表示“有希望的，有前途的”，pleasing表示“令人愉快的”，都不符合句意。agree的形容词是agreeable，含义与pleasing相同，没有agreeing这种形式的形容词。
34.【D】题干：人们认为，两三岁的孩子能够学习他们所接触到的任何语言。involve sb.in sth.意指“使某人参与某活动或陷入某情况，表明某人与（某罪行）有关联”；indulge in sth.指“让自己尽情享受某事物”；dispose sb.to sth.指“使某人愿意做某事”；expose sb.to sth.指“显露或暴露某人于某事物，使某人面临某事物或接触某事物”。所以，正确答案为D。
35.【B】题干：蒂姆这学期有三门课不及格，因此下学期他不得不重修它们。remake“重制”；repeat“重复”；reapply“重新申请，重新运用”；revise“修订，修改”。用repeat指重复上同样的课，故选B。
36.【B】题干：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。reproduced的意思是“复制，繁衍”；refected是“反映，体现”；imagined是“想象”；imitated是“模仿”。因此只有B符合题干。
37.【C】题干：科学家对导致这种疾病的病毒进行了详尽的研究。exhausted表示（be worn out“疲惫的”；exhausting“令人疲乏不堪的”；exhaustive“无遗漏的，详尽的”；exhaustion是名词，意为“耗尽，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽”。综合以上词义，可以判断正确答案为C。
38.【D】题干：在始料未及的困难面前，他迅速、果断地采取了行动。determining很少出现，一般是determined，意思为“坚定的，坚决的”；defensive意思是“防卫的，防御的”；demanding意思是“要求高的，要求多的”。这里是说他在困难面前迅速、果断地做出决定，只能选D“果断的，决断的”。
39.【A】题干：上个星期天，她突如其来地拜访了我们。斜体短语out of the blue和下面哪个单词同义？考查固定用法和副词词义。out of the blue表示unexpectedly，without warning“未经事先告知地，突如其来地”，A与此含义一致。unhappily“不高兴地”；untidily“不干净，不整洁”；unoffcially“非正式地”，均与题意不符。
40.【C】题干：老师让学生们待在教室里，他们照做了。absolutely“完全地”，常用来加强语气；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”；accurately“准确地，精确地”，都明显与句意不符。只有C项accordingly“照着，相应地”合适，C正确。
Section B
41.【B】题干：如果有猫靠近嘲鸫窝时，嘲鸫会采取一系列的措施来保护它们的幼鸟。hastens“催促，加速”；triggers“引发，触发”；devises“发明，图谋”；releases“释放，发表”。根据一般常识，当有危险的动物靠近嘲鸫窝时，嘲鸫会采取一系列的措施来保护它们的幼鸟。由此推断initiates与triggers意思相似，意为“发动，发起”，故选B。
42.【C】题干：当看到一个巨大的鲨鱼向他们靠近时，游泳者感到非常恐惧。tension“紧张，不安”；excitement“兴奋，刺激”；fear“害怕，恐惧”；nervousness“神经过敏，紧张”。当游泳者看到有鲨鱼靠近他们的时候，他们的反应是害怕和恐惧，由此推断，panic意为“惊慌，恐慌”，与fear意思相近，故答案是C。
43.【A】题干：光线被小心地调控到令人满意的程度，以最大程度地方便阅读。ideal“理想的，完美的”；required“必需的，要求的”；optional“随意的，可选择的”；standard“标准的，权威的”。调节灯光的照明度以方便怎么样的阅读，可以推测optimal意为“最佳的，理想的”，ideal与之意思相近，故选A。
44.【A】题干：在后一种情况下，后果可能会非常严重。outcome意为：结果，成果，与答案A.result意思相同。judgment意为：判断，它的动词形式是：judge；decision意为“决定”，动词形式是：decide；event意为“事件”。latter意为“后面的，（两者中）较后的”，它的反义词是：former。
45.【B】题干：警察将事故的所有细节记录了下来。“details”是“细节”的意思。particulars也是“细节”的意思。secret秘密；benefts利益；words话语。
46.【D】题干：现在，非洲的孩子们仍然不愿意学习那些实际上长期以来禁止他们学习的科目。anxious“担忧的，渴望的”；curious“好奇的，古怪的”；opposed“反对的，敌对的”；unwilling“不愿意，勉强的”。reluctant“勉强的，不情愿的”，be reluctant to do something意为“不愿意做某事”，所以选unwilling最合适，be unwilling to do something意为“不愿意做某事”。
47.【D】题干：这场展览会的目的是促进中国和海外电视产业的进一步合作。establish“建立，安置”；maximize“最佳化，最大值”；guarantee“保证，担保”；promote“促进，提升”。根据题意和常识推断，展览会的目的一般是促进进一步的合作，所以facilitate应该意为“使便利，推动”的意思，与promote意思最相似，故选D。
48.【A】题干：你必须缴纳特快专递的额外费用。extra charge“额外收费”；extra price“额外代价”；extra tip“额外小费”；extra bonus“额外津贴”。根据express delivery可以判断premium意为额外费用，所以选“extra charge”。
49.【C】题干：那个工厂的工人们生产家具。manufacture在这里做动词，意为“生产，制造”，与produce意思相似。promote意为“促进，发扬，提高”；paint意为“油漆，绘，描绘”；polish意为“擦亮，磨光”。
50.【C】题干：我们很高兴地宣布，今年生意兴隆。句中booming意为“兴旺的，繁荣的”，四个选项中，failing“下降的”；open“开放的”；successful“成功的”；risky“冒险的”。在该句中，successful相对其他选项更为合适。
Part ⅢCloze
51.【B】此句的意思是说由于科学发现和治疗水平的提高，现在很多病人存活的时间更长了。这里缺的是表示因果关系的。而due和owing表因果关系都要跟to，只有because接of。
52.【D】根据上下文得知这里应该填的是“死亡率”。
53.【C】根据题意应该是：对于大多数前十五种癌症来说他们的患者存活率在男人、女人和孩子身上都提高了。
54.【A】这道题考的是固定搭配defne as，表示“定义为”。
55.【C】这道题考的是结构“倍数词+as+形容词/副词+as…”。此句型意为“是……的几倍”。“两倍”是twice，而三倍以上的“倍”，通常用times。
56.【B】根据上下文，这句话应该是说“研究发现64%的成年癌症患者在五年内仍可存活。”因此选B。
57.【D】前一句说三十年前五年存活率为50%，政府想在2010年达到70%，因此应该是提高。
58.【C】可以修饰比较级的，因此选much。
59.【B】这道题考的是固定搭配at least，表示“至少”。
60.【B】本文前面一直在讲癌症患者存活率的提高，因此这句话意思是：他们说公共健康项目应该致力于支持日益增长的癌症幸存者及其家庭。
Part ⅣReading Comprehension
Passage One
61.【A】从文章中可以看出西方的媒体，为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理，为了不与西方读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突，在他们拍摄的照片中，并不是真正客观公正地反映经济发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常有意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至摆布照片中的主人公，以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的，经济不发达的，有异域风情的，相对地没有痛苦和阶级冲突的经济落后社会的画面。他们甚至避免刊登那些反映饥荒、战争、灾害的照片，以满足西方媒体“只刊登外国社会美好一面的照片”的默契。
62.【B】文章第二段第二句说：“When photography frst became available，scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers exaggerated accounts.”意思是：当照相术开始成为可能的时候，科学家们欢迎它，相对于早期旅游者夸大其辞的描述，科学家把摄影术当作是对遥远社会的一种更客观的记录。
63.【B】作者用电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是来自原始社会的人，不知道相机为何 物，对此产生恐惧感和误解。
64.【A】作者暗示，照片反映了西方摄影者的偏见和对落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的价值观，并不是完全真实客观的那些原始土著人们的写照。
65.【C】Catherine Lutz是1993年出版的Reading National Geographic的作者之一。她们在书中写道，《国家地理》杂志自从1888年创刊以来，就一直保持一种习惯，即只刊登那些不和美国中产阶级白人的价值观发生冲突的优美照片。因此：C.The Western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies（西方媒体并没有展现落后地区的真实画面）最能表现该作者的观点。
Passage Two
66.【A】细节题。从文章中我们可以看出，“binge drinking”是。猜词题。根据全文的意思，很容易得出“binge drinking”的意思为“过度饮酒”。故答案为A。
67.【D】细节题。根据学校管理者和医生的说法，为什么大学新生饮酒中毒的风险更大？答案在文中第五段。大学新生饮酒更易中毒的原因有两方面：一是大一新生心智还不成熟，不能很好地控制自己；二是大一新生刚开始喝酒，身体对酒精的适应能力还有限。故答案为D。
68.【C】喝醉了之后，生化酶有什么作用？细节题。答案在文中第七段倒数第二行：酶能分解并排出肝脏和肾里的酒精。故答案为C。
69.【B】下面哪一项是正确的？细节题。答案在文中最后一段：大学行政人员一直在采取种种措施去遏制大学生过度饮酒的问题，但收效甚微。选项A，C，D都含有大学行政人员没有采取任何措施的意思，显然是错误的。故答案为B。
70.【A】过度饮酒严重时将导致。细节题。答案在文中第七段前两行：当人体血液中的酒精含量达到4%时，就有可能对人体产生致命影响。故答案为A。
Passage Three
71.【A】第一段的第一句话：“In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season，however， he would have been one of 42”。此句说明，目前NBA的球员的身高超过7尺的增加到了42人。这就证明了NBA运动员的身高变化。这符合选项A的意思。B选项的意思是：显示了美国NBA球员的名声，选项C的意思是，比较了NBA两代的球员的区别。选项D的意思是：评估了著名NBA球员的成绩。这三个选项中提到的内容在原文中都没有提到。故答案为A。
72.【C】第三段的第三句话：“But as diet and health improved，children and adolescents have，on average，increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years”。此句说明身高增长的因素包括饮食和健康的提升。饮食和健康的提升可以综合为生活水平的提高。这符合选项C的意思。选项A的意思是：基因变化。选项B的意思是：自然环境。选举D的意思是：日常锻炼。这几项原文未提到。故答案为C。
73.【B】第四段的第二句：“Moreover，even though humans have been upright for millions of years， our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs”。这表明直立起来的姿势限制了人类的身高。这符合选项B的意思。选项A的意思是：非美国人增加了这个国家的平均身高。选项C的意思是：美国人是世界上平均身高最高的民族。选项D的意思是，大的婴儿在孩童时期容易长得更高，这三个在文中没有提到。故答案为B。
74.【D】最后一段最后一句：“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confdent”。此句说明，现在的人类身高的数据以后还能被使用。这符合选项D的意思。选项A的意思是：服装业要重新考虑衣服尺码。这与原文不符。选项B的意思是：军队制服的设计将不变。选项C的意思是：基因测试将运用到选拔运动员中去。这两个内容在文中均无提及。故答案为D。
75.【C】选项A的意思是：人类的身高改变遵循着周期的模式。文章中没提到这点。选项B的意思是：人类的身高变得更加具有可预知性。文中表达美国人增长的尺度到达了极限，没有提到整个人类的身高的尺度问题。选项D的意思是：美国人的基因形态已改变，文中未提到这个内容。选项C的意思是：美国的身高人已经达到了基因增长的极限。文中就要说明由于基因的限制，美国人已经达到了身高的极限。所以下面要谈的问题还是与此相关的具体论证。故答案为C。
Passage Four
76.【C】可以用排除法来做。选项A的意思是：没有科学证据来证明吸烟和死亡的相关性。文章第一段第二句话：“That the evidence was inconclusive，the science uncertain？”此句的意思是说，证据是非结论性的，还没有科学的确定性。但是这并不表明没有科学的证据存在，只是说科学的证明还不确定和非结论性。这是不同的概念。选项B的意思是：在过去的几十年里，因为吸烟而过早去世的人的总数不重要。文章中没有提到这个问题。选项D是，反对吸烟者经常胡言乱语。文章中第一段的最后这个句子：“Lots of Americans bought that nonsense，”此句说明大多数美国人都相信了这些胡言乱语，并没有说反对吸烟者常胡言乱语。再看文章第一段第三句：“that the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？”意为：反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外吗？这句话其实就是讲，人们有权选择自己的生活方式。这符合选项C的意思，故答案为C。
77.【D】第二段的第四句话：“But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future”。其中的guide意思也是说，科学是走向未来的向导。因此选项D入选。选项A的意思是，一个保护者。这是错误的，文中没有提到这个作用。选项B的意思是：一个法官。选项C的意思是：一个批评家。这两个选项与原文没有任何关系。不能入选。故答案为D。
78.【A】文章第四段最后的句子：Instead of a plan of action，they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”。这话的意思是：不去作行动的安排，他们持续要求进行更多研究，这就是典型的分析导致麻痹的例子。选项A的意思是：无止境的研究扼杀了行动。因此选项A正确。选项B的意思是：仔细的研究才能揭示事实。文章中未谈到这个问题。选项C的意思是：过于谨慎的计划会影响进步。文章没有说到这个观点。选项D的意思是：广泛的研究能帮助决策的制定。文中也没提到。故答案为A。
79.【D】原文最后一段第二句“If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative，Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures”。如果管理部门不能主动采取一些立法行动，国会应该帮助去开始制定保护的措施。选项D的内容是，采取一些法律措施。这与原文意思相符，是正确的。选项A的意思是：给建造清洁能源的工厂提供帮助。选项B的意思是：提高全民对能量保护的认识。选项C的意思是：促进更多的科学研究。这三个选项本身的内容都对，但是都与本题无关。从文章可以看到，它们都不是管理部门的责任。故答案为D。
80.【B】文章一开始谈论吸烟的问题，到第二段转入全球变暖的问题，接下来又谈吸烟问题。从文章最后一段可以看出，作者说的就是：如果政府对待全球变暖的态度就和对待吸烟的态度一样，就会产生严重的后果。选项B的意思是：后者的教训也同样适用于前者。这和文章的意思贴切。选项A的意思是：他们同样是由于政府的疏忽而造成的。这是错误的，政府并没有忽视这个问题，只是解决的方法不是很好。选项C的意思是：两者都已变得越来越糟。作者在文中没有表达这个意思，只是希望政府能够从对待吸烟的问题上找到解决好全球变暖的问题的方法。故答案为B。
Passage Five
81.【D】原文第一段第二句“IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences，among other similar tasks”。此句的意思是，除了其他类似的任务之外，智力测验是让你完成文字和视觉的类比，在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状以及推断出数字的顺序。选项A的意思是：回答一些哲学问题。文中未提及这个内容。选项B的意思是：纸张在折叠或者裁剪成不同的形状。原文是想象纸张在折叠或者裁剪后形状，与此不是一个概念。选项C的意思是，区分不同的特定概念。文中未提及这个内容。选项D的意思是，选择与已给出的相似的那些单词或者图表。其中words和graphs对应原文的verbal，graphs；similar to对应原文中的analogy，故答案为D。
82.【C】选项A的意思是：人们不再把IQ成绩作为智商的指示了。这与原文第三段首句“The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score”的意思相反；原文第三段第二句阐述现在智力测试只有两个版本“the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales”所以选项B不正确。选项D的意思是：科学家已经为人类智商的重要的因素下了定义。文中根本没有提到给智商下定义的问题。选项C的意思是：成人和孩子的智商测试内容是不同的。原文第三段第二句中：“both come in adult and children’s version”说到了这个问题。故答案为C。
83.【A】原文第三段第四句，“because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100”。选项A的意思是：智力测试的成绩使用不同的计算步骤。这就是原文第二段第四句的意思。选项B的意思是：今天测试强调创造力而不是分析能力。该选项与问题没关系。本文的问题是：为什么人们不可能再获得像vos Savant那样的智商测试高分？选项D的意思是：智力测试特点的定义已经发生了改变。文中未提及相应信息。故答案为A。
84.【A】选项A的意思是：智力测试结果可能并不是一个人的能力的可靠的表达。从最后这段的首句“Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life”中可以看出这与A的内容一致。选项B的意思是，智力测试成绩和SAT测试结果是高度相关的。看原文末句“Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters”。这说是对于两种考试，考试技巧都有作用，而并非考试结果相关。选项C的意思是，考试中涉及大量的猜测工作。原文未提到这个内容。选项D的意思是，传统的测试已经过时了。文中根本没有谈论这个问题。故答案为A。
85.【B】看第二段首句“Clearly，intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test”，很明显，智力所包含的远远不止测试成绩。由此我们判定作者对于智力测试持怀疑的态度，因此选择B。选项A的意思是：支持的。选项C的意思是：中立的。选项D的意思是：有偏见的。这三项与作者的态度不相符合，故答案为B。
Passage Six
86.【D】细节题。文中在第二段的第一句中说到三胞胎的母亲差点死去，故A选项错误；三胞胎是先天性脑瘫，故B选项错误；根据文意，三胞胎的病比较好治愈，故选项C错误。根据第二段的内容，D是正确答案。
87.【B】细节题。脑瘫并非致命的疾病，有些是可以治愈的，因此A选项错误。根据第三段第一句中的“…about cerebral palsy，a disorder caused by damage to the motor centers of the brain”可知，B是正确选项。作者只是在第七段中指出Park治愈2～6岁的儿童的成功率高，当然6岁以上的并未指出是不可治愈的，因此C是错误的。文中只讲到SDR可以治愈先天性脑瘫，而非所有脑瘫，因此D选项是错误的。
88.【B】细节题。根据第三段中的“because the odds of preemies surviving are so much better”可知，正确答案为B。
89.【A】细节题。根据第五段中的Among the frst to champion SDR in the U.S.in the late 1980s was Dr.T.S.Park，选项A与其表述的意思相同，故正确答案为A。
90.【B】词汇语义题。选项A中的using delivery postponing techniques是错误的。从第七段中找到B选项的对应内容。从SDR的全称selective dorsal rhizotomy即可推断其分离和切断的是后跟神经。选项D中的high effciency文中没有提到。因此本题正确答案为B。
Part ⅤWriting
摘要范文
Personality Changes Associated with Aging
Personality changes associated with aging have been debated almost the beginning of modern psychology.There are two major schools of personality development.The frst hypothesizes that adults’personality is relative stable.The second one hypothesizes that personality is characterized by change.
Longitudinal studies of personality traits have found that basic personality traits remain relatively consistent throughout one’s adult life.A Minnesota study for up to 30 years and interviews with older adults obtained the similar fndings.However，recent longitudinal studies suggest that absolute stability has been overestimated.
Whereas basic personality traits remain stable throughout adulthood，relatively predicable shifts may occur in other aspects of a person’s personality.One of personality changes in adulthood is an increased preoccupation with one’s inner life.
Longitudinal studies have found that adults tend to exhibit greater inter-individual differences and appear to be more themselves as they grow old.To some extent，it may be because of a decreased need to conform to external expectations.In addition，these changes can be caused by Alzheimer’s， AIDS，strokes，or other problems such as brain cancer，infection，depression and other stress.
模拟试题十 听力原文
Part ⅠListening Comprehension
Section A
1.M：Good morning，nurse.Do I take the same medicine as usual？
W：Yes，the medicine will relieve your pain and help you breath better.How did you feel last night？
M：Not so good.My chest still hurts.I was told that patients with lung cancer like me should die with terrible pain.
W：Different patients have different symptoms.But please believe that we will try our best to help you feel more comfortable.
Q：What is the man’s disease？
2.W：Mr.Johnson，you still have a fever.
M：Really？How come？I took the medicine.
Q：What does the man mean？
3.W：Mr.Green，your respiratory rate is normal now.It’s 19 times a minute.
M：When did you test it？
W：I tested it after you took your medicine.If I told you，you might not have breathed naturally.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation？
4.W：I’ve had this new digital camera for a week.And I still don’t know how to work it even with these instructions.
M：Didn’t a hotline number come with it？
Q：What does the man imply the woman should do？
5.M：I’ve been having annoyance calls for two weeks.When I answer the phone，the other party hangs up without saying anything.I’ve tried everything including blowing a whistle into the receiver.
W：Beginning today，we want you to keep a record of the time each call occurs.From this chart，we can get information to help us trace the calls.If necessary，the telephone company can contact the police.
Q：What does the woman suggest that the man do？
6.W：Did you know that Paul had a bad accident and is in the hospital？
M：That’s what I heard from Betty；only she made a mistake at frst and said it was his brother Peter who was hurt.
Q：How did the man frst learn about the accident？
7.M：When I go on a diet，I eat only fruits and vegetables.And that takes off the weight quickly.
W：I prefer to eat whatever I want，and then run regularly to lose weight.
Q：How does the woman control her weight？
8.M：According to your resume，you don’t have much experience in advertising，Miss Montag.
W：That’s not quite true.My father was an advertising consultant and he gave me a fairly thorough introduction to the business.
Q：What does Miss Montag say about her resume？
9.M：How long have you had this nrinary trouble？
W：Since I had my children.
M：How many do you have？
W：Two.Three and four years old.There’s only 11 months between them.
Q：How old is the woman’s younger child？
10.M：These silver earrings are only sixteen dollars this week.The gold ones are twenty-four.
W：I’ll take the silver ones，then；or，on second thought，give me the gold ones.I have a gold necklace that would look very nice with them.
Q：What did the woman decide to buy？
11.M：I’m asked to pick up the guest speaker Bob Russel at the airport this afternoon.Do you know what he looks like？
W：Well，he’s in his sixties，he stands out，he’s bald，tall and thin and has a beard.
Q：What do we conclude from the woman’s remarks about Bob Russel？
12.W：Could you give me a description of what it feels like？You know，aching，burning，or whatever you’d describe it？
M：It is more like pounding，like you feel each pulse beat.
W：How do they begin，gradual or all of a sudden？
M：Pretty much out of the blue.
Q：How does the man describe the onset of the pain？
13.W：You see I still have this pain in my back，this medicine the doctor gave me was supposed to make me feel better by now.
M：Maybe you should’ve taken it three times a day as you were told.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation？
14.M：Do you think that Bob is serious about Sally？
W：Well，I know this.I’ve never seen him go out so often with the same girl.
Q：What conclusion can we draw from the woman’s statement？
15.W：How come the foor is so wet？I almost slipped.What happened？
M：Oh，sorry！The phone rang the moment I got into the shower，anyway，I’ll wipe it up right now.
Q：Why was the foor wet according to the man？
Section B
Long Talk
W：Good morning.How are you feeling now？Do you still have pain in your chest？
M：No.There is no more pain，but I feel a little tight in my chest.I also feel dizzy when I stand up.
W：Your electrocardiogram shows that you have coronary heart disease.Your attack was brought on by an insuffcient blood supply to the heart.
M：Will it happen again？
W：When you leave the hospital the doctor will give you instructions as to how to take care of yourself.If you follow the instructions carefully，perhaps it will not happen again.
M：That’s fne.Thank you.By the way，will you please tell me something about the diet I should follow？
W：Oh yes.It is important that you should pay special attention to your diet at your age.It should be light and low in fat.Your meals should be frequent but small in quantity.However，you must not forget that you should take some vegetables and plenty of fruit；not only help to prevent constipation，but also supply all kinds of vitamins，especially vitamin C.
M：I know I should eat more fruit and vegetable，because they will keep me from being constipated.
W：Older people often have constipation because their intestine has become sluggish.Besides some mild exercises，you’d better do some deep breathing and massage your abdomen every day.This will help to relieve your constipation.
M：I usually do a lot of things automatically.It has been my habit for many years.I don’t realize that I am already seventy years old.
W：Exercise and work are helpful.But don’t over-tire yourself.I notice you haven’t smoked since you entered the hospital.We hope you will not smoke when you go home.
M：I must determine to give up smoking and drinking.I know now that these habits are not good for me.
W：We suggest that you do some light work，have a happy outlook，listen to music，and avoid excitement and too much worry.And，above all，be careful not to stumble，because old people’s bones are fragile and get broken easily.
M：Thank you for your advice.
Questions 16-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.What is the man’s disease？
17.According to the doctor，which of the following about the diet should the man NOT do？
18.What makes older people often have constipation？
19.How old is the man？
20.According to the doctor，what is the most important thing that the man should pay attention to？
Passage Two
For most people who drink，alcohol is a pleasant accompaniment to social activities.Moderate alcohol use—up to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people— is not harmful for most adults.Nonetheless，a large number of people get into serious trouble because of their drinking.Currently，nearly 17.6 million adult Americans abuse alcohol or are alcoholic.Several million more adults engage in risky drinking that could lead to alcohol problems.These patterns include binge drinking and heavy drinking on a regular basis.In addition，53 percent of men and women in the United States report that one or more of their close relatives have a drinking problem.
The consequences of alcohol misuse are serious—in many cases，life threatening.Heavy drinking can increase the risk for certain cancers，especially those of the liver，esophagus，throat，and larynx. Heavy drinking can also cause liver cirrhosis，immune system problems，brain damage，and harm to the fetus during pregnancy.In addition，drinking increases the risk of death from automobile crashes as well as recreational and on-the-job injuries.Furthermore，both homicides and suicides are more likely to be committed by persons who have been drinking.
Alcoholism，also known as“alcohol dependence”，is a disease that includes four symptoms：craving， loss of control，physical dependence and tolerance.Withdrawal symptoms，such as nausea，sweating， shakiness，and anxiety，occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking.
Many people wonder why some individuals can use alcohol without problems but others cannot. One important reason has to do with genetics.Scientists have found that having an alcoholic family member makes it more likely that if you choose to drink you too may develop alcoholism.Genes， however，are not the whole story.In fact，scientists now believe that certain factors in a person’s environment infuence whether a person with a genetic risk for alcoholism ever develops the disease. A person’s risk for developing alcoholism can increase based on the person’s environment，including where and how he or she lives；family，friends，and culture；peer pressure；and even how easy it is to get alcohol.
Questions 21-25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
21.How many adult Americans are alcoholic？
22.What patterns can be included as signs of alcohol problems？
23.What cancers can be resulted from alcohol misuse？
24.What symptom will occur after alcohol use is stopped？
25.What can be the reasons for alcoholism？
Passage Three
Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker.After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology，she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. As part of her job，she conducted feld research on toxic substances in the environment，often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters.She found that many families were being exposed to high，sometimes deadly，levels of chemicals and other toxic substances，but she was not allowed to make her information public.
Frustrated by these restrictions，Subra left her job in 1981，created her own company，and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fght back against giant industrial polluters.She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests，interpret test results，and organize for change.Because of her efforts，dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up，and one chemical industry spokesperson calls her“a top gun”for the environmental movement.
How has Wilma Subra achieved all this？Partly through her scientifc training，partly through her commitment to environmental justice.But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking.“Public speaking，”she says，“is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.”
If you had asked Subra before 1981，“Do you see yourself as a major public speaker？”She would have laughed at the idea.Yet today she gives more than 100 presentations a year.Along the way she has lectured at Harvard，testifed before Congress，and addressed audiences in 40 states，as well as in Mexico，Canada，and Japan.
Questions 26-30 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.What did Wilma Subra do as part of her job while working at Gulf South Research Institute？
27.Why did Wilma Subra leave her job in 1981？
28.What results have Wilma Subra’s efforts had in the past two decades？
29.What does the speaker say has contributed to Wilma Subra’s success？
30.Which of the following countries hasn’t he ever been to give an address to？