模拟试题十
Model Test Ten
Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
试卷一（Paper One）
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example：
You will hear：
Woman：I feel faint.
Man：No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question：What’s the matter with the woman？
You will read：
A.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.
C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B●D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1.A.A lung cancer.B.An eye problem.
C.A chest pain.D.Feeling uncomfortable.
2.A.He should have a fever.B.He should not have a fever any more.
C.The woman is telling a lie.D.He knows he is having a fever.
3.A.The nurse told the man when she made the testing.
B.The man breathed normally this time without knowing it.
C.The man should take the medicine after testing.
D.The man was angry for not being told about the truth.
4.A.Take it back to the store.B.Find the warranty.
C.Read instructions.D.Call for help.
5.A.Disconnect his telephone.
B.Blow a whistle into the receiver.
C.Keep a record of incoming annoyance calls.
D.Report his problem to the police.
6.A.Betty told him.B.Peter told him.
C.Paul told him.D.Nobody told him.
7.A.By going on a diet.B.By having fewer meals.
C.By doing physical exercise.D.By eating fruits and vegetables.
8.A.It’s flled with lies.B.It doesn’t describe all her.
C.It is too long.D.It contains one lie.
9.A.2.B.3.
C.4.D.11.
10.A.She decided to buy a gold necklace.
B.She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings and a gold necklace to match them.
C.She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings to match a gold necklace that she already had.
D.She decided to buy a pair of silver earrings because they were cheaper than the gold ones.
11.A.He is quite easy to recognize.B.He is an outstanding speaker.
C.He looks like a movie star.D.He looks young for his age.
12.A.Pounding.B.Pulse beat.
C.Gradually.D.Suddenly.
13.A.The man did not believe what the woman said.
B.The man accompanied the woman to the hospital.
C.The woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury.
D.The woman may not follow the doctor’s instructions.
14.A.Bob is serious about Sally.
B.Bob never goes steady with a girl.
C.Bob will soon change his girlfriend.
D.Bob is not serious about Sally.
15.A.He spilled his drink onto the foor.
B.He has just fnished wiping the foor.
C.He was caught in a shower on his way home.
D.He rushed out of the bath to answer the phone.
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16.A.A chest pain.
B.Anemia.
C.A coronary heart disease.
D.A blood disease.
17.A.Eat light and low-fat food.
B.Eat less each time but frequently.
C.Eat some vegetables and fruits.
D.Eat large quantities with low-fat food.
18.A.Lack of exercise.
B.Lack of vitamin C.
C.Their intestine functions slowly.
D.Lack of massage of abdomen.
19.A.50 years old.B.60 years old.
C.70 years old.D.80 years old.
20.A.Not to worry too much.B.Not to smoke and drink.
C.Not to over work.D.Not to stumble.
Passage Two
21.A.17.6 million.
B.Several million.
C.Two thirds of Americans.
D.Not mentioned.
22.A.More than two drinks for men per day.
B.Binge drink and heavy dinking at time.
C.Binge drink and heavy drinking every day.
D.More than one drink for women per day.
23.A.Skin cancer.B.Lung cancer.
C.Breast Cancer.D.Liver cancer.
24.A.Craving.B.Tolerance.
C.Loss of control.D.Withdrawal symptom.
25.A.Genetics.B.Environment.
C.Pressure form life.D.All of the above.
Passage Three
26.A.She engaged in feld research on environmental pollution.
B.She helped families move away from industrial polluters.
C.She taught chemistry and microbiology courses in a college.
D.She gave lectures on how to become a public speaker.
27.A.The job restricted her from revealing her fndings.
B.She was offered a better job in a minority community.
C.The job posed a potential threat to her health.
D.She found the working conditions frustrating.
28.A.More branches of her company have been set up.
B.Many toxic sites in America have been cleaned up.
C.More environmental organizations have appeared.
D.Some giant industrial polluters have gone out of business.
29.A.Her rigorous training in delivering eloquent speeches.
B.Her lifelong commitment to domestic and global issues.
C.He widespread infuence among members of Congress.
D.Her ability to communicate through public speaking.
30.A.Japan.B.Mexico.
C.China.D.Canada.
Part ⅡVocabulary（10%）
Section A
Directions：In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D，are given beneath each of them.You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then，mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.The thieves fed with the local police close on their.
A.backs B.necks C.toes D.heels
32.A friendship may be deep，lasting，or____，casual and situational.
A.critical B.identical C.superfcial D.original
33.The head of the Museum was____and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.
A.promising B.agreeing C.pleasing D.obliging
34.It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are____it.
A.involved in B.indulged in C.disposed to D.exposed to
35.Tim has failed three courses this semester，so he will have to____them next semester.
A.remake B.repeat C.reapply D.revise
36.The tone of the article____the writer’s mood at the time.
A.reproduced B.refected C.imagined D.imitated
37.The scientists have made an____study of the viruses that cause the disease.
A.exhausted B.exhausting C.exhaustive D.exhaustion
38.In the face of unexpected diffculties，he demonstrated a talent for quick，____action.
A.determining B.defensive C.demanding D.decisive
39.Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue.The italicized phrase means____.
A.unexpectedly B.unhappily C.untidily D.unoffcially
40.The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did____.
A.absolutely B.accidentally C.accordingly D.accurately
Section B
Directions：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41.If a cat comes too close to its nest，the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring.
A.hastens B.triggers C.devises D.releases
42.Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.
A.Tension B.Excitement C.Fear D.Nervousness
43.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.
A.ideal B.required C.optional D.standard
44.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A.result B.judgment C.decision D.event
45.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.
A.secrets B.details C.benefts D.words
46.Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long.
A.anxious B.curious C.opposed D.unwilling
47.The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.
A.establish B.maximize C.guarantee D.promote
48.You have to pay a（n）premium for express delivery.
A.extra charge B.extra price C.extra tip D.extra bonus
49.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A.promote B.paint C.produce D.polish
50.We’re happy to report that business is booming this year.
A.failing B.open C.successful D.risky
Part ⅢCloze（10%）
Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States，after heart disease.In the past，it was often considered a death sentence. But many patients now live longer 51 of improvements in discovery and treatment.
Researchers say death 52 in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years.Survival rates have increased for most of the top ffteen cancers in both men and women，and for cancers in 53 .
The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors.A cancer survivor is defned 54 anyone who has been found to have cancer.This would include current patients.
The study covered the period from 1971 to 2001.The researchers found there are three 55 as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago.In 1971，the United States had about three million cancer survivors.Today there are about ten million.
The study also found that 64%of adults with cancer can expect to still be 56 in fve years. Thirty years ago，the fve-year survival rate was 50%.The government wants to 57 the fve-year survival rate to 70%by 2010.
The risk of cancer increases with age.The report says the majority of survivors are 65 years and older.
But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live 58 longer. Researchers say 80%of children with cancer will survive at least fve years after the discovery. About 75%will survive at 59 ten years.In the 1970s，the fve-year survival rate for children was about 50%.In the 1960s，most children did not survive cancer.Researchers say they expect more improvements in cancer treatment in the future.In fact，they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore. They say public health programs should also aim to support the 60 numbers of cancer survivors and their families.
51.A.owing B.because
C.regardless D.due
52.A.opportunities B.results
C.orders D.rates
53.A.men B.women
C.children D.people
54.A.as B.by
C.at D.for
55.A.numbers B.periods
C.times D.rounds
56.A.strong B.alive
C.healthy D.happy
57.A.fx B.lower
C.study D.increase
58.A.very B.fairly
C.much D.more
59.A.little B.least
C.less D.better
60.A.small B.growing
C.fxed D.mixed
Part ⅣReading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this section there are six passages，each of which is followed by fve questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (https://www.daowen.com)
Passage One
In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia，one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters，Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan，suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.“Am I in this？”he asks，before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter，Lawrence explains，“He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you’re a kind of thief.”
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands，stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The“ignorant natives”may have had a point.When photography first became available，scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers’exaggerated accounts.But in some ways，anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s，many ethnographers sought“pure”pictures of“primitive”cultures，routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties，often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis，the legendary photographer of North American Indians，for example，got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915—even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated， primitive，and unchanging.For instance，National Geographic magazine’s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic，the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don’t challenge white，middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops，for example，white women’s breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb，such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine，are discarded in favor of those that reassure to conform with the society’s stated pledge to present only“kindly”visions of foreign societies.The result，Lutz and Collins say，is the depiction of“an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class confict.”
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child，and its lush imagery infuenced her eventual choice off anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures，they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.
61.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
B.There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.
C.Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.
D.Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures，compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.
62.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often____.
A.took pictures with the natives
B.gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
C.asked for pictures from the natives
D.gave the natives clocks and Western dresses
63.The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to____.
A.show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.
B.illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
C.show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.
D.show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
64.“But in some ways，anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.”In this sentence，the“one culture that stares back” refers to____.
A.the indigenous culture B.the Western culture
C.the academic culture D.the news business culture
65.With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree？
A.Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.
B.The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.
C.The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
D.People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.
Passage Two
Having a few too many drinks can mean more than just a blackout or a bad hangover.People who engage in binge drinking are courting danger，experts warn.
Binge drinking is most common at colleges and universities，where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage.A 1997 study from the Harvard School of Public Health reports that 42.7% of all college students engage in binge drinking.The well-publicized deaths of several college students from binge drinking in 1997 highlights the risks.
An 18-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology drank himself into a coma and died.A 20-year-old fraternity pledge at Louisiana State University died from alcohol poisoning.
“Alcohol is always toxic.It’s really a poison，”said Steven Schandler，professor of psychology at Chapman University and chief of addiction research at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health Care System，who added that binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning.“Because it’s a poison，like any other poison，if you take in a little bit，you might tolerate it，but if you take in a lot，you might die.”
Administrators and doctors say that college freshmen are especially at risk for alcohol poisoning，in part because they often lack the maturity to refrain or stop.And for some who may be new to drinking， their bodies have a relatively low tolerance for alcohol.
But problems with alcohol aren’t limited to teenagers and young adults.A 39-year-old Buena Park man recently recalled that two days of steady imbibing on a trip to Las Vegas several years ago left him in bad shape.
Doctors say blood alcohol levels of about 4%—fve times the legal intoxication limit of 0.8%—can induce potentially lethal side effects in most people.Alcoholics have higher limits.Although not well understood，enzymes that break down and expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys do so more effectively in seasoned drinkers，allowing them to tolerate more，Schandler said.
Regardless of a person’s tolerance，alcohol exerts its infuence when the amount of alcohol taken in exceeds the amount that the body can digest.At that point，alcohol passes from the bloodstream into the brain and begins its attack.Alcohol frst affects the brain’s cortex，which controls more sophisticated thought processes.That’s why people generally become less inhibited under the infuence of alcohol，and some are more willing to try things that could be dangerous to themselves or others.
Coordination，mainly controlled by the cerebellum，is the next to go，leading to slurred speech and diffculty walking in a straight line.As excessive drinking continues，alcohol moves deeper into the brain until“it gets to the very basic structure of the brain stem that affects things like respiration and heart beat，”said Dr.Bret Ginther，an assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at UC Irvine.
At that point，people may pass out or fall into a coma.Their vital signs may weaken.“The most common cause of death from alcohol poisoning is respiratory arrest，”said Ginther.Eventually，the heart simply stops.Getting to that point is fairly unusual.But Ginther said that at least once or twice a month，patients are brought into the emergency room at UCI Medical Center in Orange suffering from alcohol poisoning.
College offcials say they are always on the lookout for alcohol abuse but say there is no fail-safe method to keep students from drinking.Many colleges try to educate students，especially those caught drinking illegally or causing disruptions.The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention in Newton，Mass，advocates a community-based approach that includes administrators， faculty，police and businesses in the fght to curb binge drinking，in part by being on alert for people abusing alcohol.The center also stresses the importance of parental guidance and urges parents to have frank discussions with their children about excessive drinking.
66.From the passage，we can learn that“binge drinking”is____.
A.an excessive consumption of alcohol
B.drinking oneself into a coma
C.drinking poisonous alcohol
D.a kind of illegal drinking
67.Why are college freshmen especially at risk for alcohol poisoning according to administrators and doctors？
A.Their bodies are not used to alcohol.
B.They can not refrain themselves.
C.They are under greater pressure.
D.Both A and B.
68.What can enzymes do when one is drunk？
A.They help drunken people survive when they take in more alcohol than tolerable.
B.They help people in coma regain consciousness.
C.They expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys.
D.They can make people stay conscious.
69.Which of the following is TRUE？
A.College offcials are aware of the seriousness of students’binge drinking but can not do anything.
B.College offcials are taking measures to prevent binge drinking though without much success.
C.College offcials think that they do not have any methods to stop students from drinking.
D.College offcials just stand by without doing anything to the problem.
70.Binge drinking may most seriously lead to____.
A.death B.craziness C.disability D.unconsciousness
Passage Three
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season，however，he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years，and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to ft the growing numbers of bigger，longer frames.
The trend in sports，though，may be obscuring an unrecognized reality：Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago，today’s people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today， at this genetic，environmental level，we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go，”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players，their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth，which rarely continues beyond the age of 20，demands calories and nutrients—notably， protein—to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the 20th century，under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved，children and adolescents have，on average， increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years，a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，average height—5′9″for men， 5′4″for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking，there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth，larger babies have more diffculty passing through the birth canal.Moreover，even though humans have been upright for millions of years，our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism，”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change，but don’t expect this to happen soon.Claire C.Gordon，senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick，Mass.，ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that，unlike those for basketball，the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment，Gordon says that by and large，“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confdent.”
71.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.
A.illustrate the change of height of NBA players
B.show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.
C.compare different generations of NBA players
D.assess the achievements of famous NBA players
72.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text？
A.Genetic modifcation. B.Natural environment.
C.Living standards. D.Daily exercise.
73.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree？
A.Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
B.Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
C.Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
D.Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
74.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future____.
A.the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size
B.the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged
C.genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen
D.the existing data of human height will still be applicable
75.The text intends to tell us that____.
A.the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern
B.human height is becoming even more predictable
C.Americans have reached their genetic growth limit
D.the genetic pattern of Americans has altered
Passage Four
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive，the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense，and over three decades，some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today，as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences， enlisted by the White House，to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is defnitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy，Bruce Alberts，added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future，and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking，voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete，that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game：by the 100 percent of the evidence is in，it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing，a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately，the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action，they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet，we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research but research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative， Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia，which would offer fnancial incentives for private industry，is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere，it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
76.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that____.
A.there was no scientifc evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignifcant
C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
77.According to Bruce Alberts，science can serve as____.
A.a protector B.a judge C.a critic D.a guide
78.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”（last line，Paragraph 4）？
A.Endless studies kill action. B.Careful investigation reveals truth.
C.Prudent planning hinders. D.Extensive research helps decision-making.
79.According to the author，what should the Administration do about global warming？
A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B.Raise public awareness of conservation.
C.Press for further scientifc research.
D.Take some legislative measures.
80.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because____.
A.they both suffered from the government’s negligence
B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D.both of them have turned from bad to worse
Passage Five
For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn”.People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant，who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences，among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant felds such queries from the average Joe（whose IQ is 100）as—What’s the difference between love and fondness？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to fgure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly，intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology，genetics，computer science and other felds？
The defning term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales（both come in adult and children’s version）. Generally costing several hundred dollars，they are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test（SAT）and the Graduate Record Exam（GRE），capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life，argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover，IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions，but under high-stress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is， it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters，whether it knows when to guess or what questions to skip.
81.Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test？
A.Answering philosophical questions.
B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
C.Telling the difference between certain concepts.
D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
82.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
D.Scientists have defned the important elements of human intelligence.
83.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because____.
A.the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
B.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
C.Vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat
D.the defning characteristic of IQ tests has changed
84.We can conclude from the last paragraph that____.
A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability
B.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated
C.testing involves a lot of guesswork
D.traditional tests are out of date
85.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test？
A.Supportive. B.Skeptical. C.Impartial. D.Biased.
Passage Six
A TIME columnist bears witness to an operation to help triplets with cerebral palsy walk like other boys.
Cindy Hickman nearly bled to death the day she gave birth―three months prematurely―to her triplet sons.Weighing less than 2 lbs.each，her babies were alive，but barely.They clung so tenuously to life that her doctors recommended she name them A，B and C.Then，after a year of heroic interventions―brain shunts， tracheotomies，skull remodeling―often requiring emergency helicopter rides to the hospital nearest their rural Tennessee home，the Hickmans learned that their triplets had cerebral palsy.
Fifteen years ago there wasn’t much that could be done about cerebral palsy，a disorder caused by damage to the motor centers of the brain.But pediatric medicine has come a long way since then，both in intervention before birth，with better prenatal care and various techniques to postpone delivery，and surgical interventions after birth to correct physical defciencies.So although the incidence of cerebral palsy seems to be increasing（because the odds of preemies surviving are so much better），so too are the number of success stories.
This is one of them.Lane，Codie and Wyatt（as the Hickman boys are called）have spastic cerebral palsy，the most common form，accounting for nearly 80%of cases.“We frst noticed that they weren’t walking when they should，”Cindy recalls.“Instead they were only doing the combat crawl.”Their brains seemed to be developing age appropriately，but their muscles were unnaturally stiff，making walking diffcult if not impossible.
Happily，spastic cerebral palsy is also the most treatable form of CP，largely thanks to a procedure known as selective dorsal rhizotomy，in which the nerve roots that are causing the problem are isolated and severed.Among the frst to champion SDR in the U.S.in the late 1980s was Dr.T.S.Park，a Korean-born pediatric neurosurgeon at Washington University in St.Louis，Mo.，who has performed more than 800 of these operations and hopes to do an additional 1，000 before he retires.Having performed the operation myself as a resident in neurosurgery，I was eager to see how the country’s most prolifc SDR surgeon does it.Last month I got an opportunity to stand by his side as he operated on 3-year-old Lane Hickman.
Peering through a microscope and guided by an electric probe，we were able to distinguish between the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord.The ventral roots send information to the muscle； the dorsal roots send information back to the spinal cord.The dorsal roots cause spasticity，and if just the right ones are severed，the symptoms can be greatly reduced.
Nearly half a million Americans suffer from cerebral palsy.Not all are candidates for SDR，but Park estimates that as many as half may be.He gets the best results with children between ages 2 and 6 who were born prematurely and have stiffness only in their legs.He is known for performing the operation very high up in the spine，right where the nerve roots exit the spinal cord.It’s riskier that way，but the recovery is faster，and in Park’s skilled hands，the success rate is higher.
Cindy and Jeremy Hickman will testify to that.Just a few weeks after the procedure，two of their sons are walking almost normally and the third is rapidly improving.
86.When the triplets were born____.
A.both the triplets and their mother nearly died
B.they didn’t have cerebral palsy
C.doctors didn’t believe they were going to survive
D.they received medical intervention like brain shunts
87.Cerebral palsy is____.
A.deadly disease
B.a kind of brain disorder
C.not treatable for children who are over 6 and have stiffness in their legs
D.to be cured by isolating and cutting off the right nerve roots
88.There are more and more cases of cerebral palsy____.
A.because there are more and more triplets
B.because more and more babies prematurely born are able to survive
C.so there are more cases of successful treatment
D.so there are more candidates for SDR
89.Dr.T.S.Park____.
A.is a successful pioneer in adopting SDR operations in CP treatment
B.is famous because of his success with the triplets who are very diffcult cases
C.is ambitious by hoping to do another 1，000 SDR operations
D.is not cautious enough by taking risks to perform the operation very high up the spine
90.SDR is a procedure of____.
A.prenatal intervention using delivery postponing techniques
B.surgical intervention after birth to reduce spastic symptoms
C.isolating and severing either of the two groups of nerve roots leaving the spinal cord
D.great risk and high effciency
Please turn to the next page and go on to Paper Two.（注意：考试进行到115分钟时收试卷一，然后开始做试卷二。）
试卷二（Paper Two）
Part ⅤWriting（20%）
Directions：Please read the following article in Chinese carefully，and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET.Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
人格变化
自从现代心理学建立以来，由老龄化引发的人格变化一直是大家争论的话题。人格发展理论有两大主要流派。第一个流派认为成年人的人格是相对稳定的。例如，麦克卡雷和考斯塔指出25～30岁的成年人的人格结构一般不会有大的变化。弗洛伊德认为一个人的人格发展到了青春期就相对完整，40岁以后几乎就不会再发生变化。这些作者认为人格发展就像身高一样，逐渐稳定并进入最佳成熟状态。另一方面，第二个流派认为人格以可塑性与变化为特征，人格发展会随着人生阅历变化而发生变化。卡斯皮和巴尔迪茨主张，虽然人格显现出一定的稳定性，但人与环境间的交互作用极其复杂，人格变化会贯穿于人的一生。
人格特点的纵向研究表明，基本的人格特征在成年人阶段还是相对稳定的。例如，巴尔迪摩的纵向研究发现，诸如情绪性、外倾性、开放性等在内的人格衡量指标在10年或更长的时间内存在显著的稳定性。科学家们在明尼苏达州进行的一项长达30年的相同研究也得出了类似的结论。而且，在老年人中进行的访谈发现，一个人的自我意象似乎没有随着年龄的增长而发生什么变化。这使得一些人类学家推断自我意象本质上是“永恒的”。很多理论学者相信一旦进入成年期，人格就不再有显著的变化。然而，近期的纵向研究发现绝对稳定性被高估了。事实上，人们已经发现了成年期出现的显著的个人内在变化。一般说来，随着宜人性和责任感的增加，情绪性、外倾性降低。这就意味着心理层面上的成熟始于成人阶段之初。随着年龄的增长，成熟速度下降，但持续性的重大变化不断出现，直至高龄阶段。例如，斐尔德和米尔萨普的纵向研究发现情绪性下降会延续到69岁，然后趋向平稳直到83岁，而宜人性增加，外向性减弱的变化也延续到83岁。
尽管基本的人格特征在成年期还相当稳定，但人格的其他方面会出现一些可预见性的变化。成人阶段人格变化之一就是更加醉心于个人内心世界，包括增加对个人感情和经历的关注，减少外倾性。这种持续增长的内倾性格的变化经常伴随着比年轻时候更少的冲动和更谨慎的行为。在某些情况下，还伴随对外部世界兴趣的降低，行事会更加小心翼翼。
纵向研究已经发现，随着年龄的增长，成年人越来越表现出彼此间的差异。人际交往的风格更加个性化，人们也较以往更加的“自我”。在一定程度上，这可能是由于老年人降低了对顺应外部世界期望的需求，在缺乏清晰、明确的老年社会角色标准的社会当中尤其如此。另外，有些变化还可能是由于阿耳茨海默式病（早老性痴呆）、艾滋病、中风，或者其他疾病如脑瘤、感染、抑郁、其他压力等引起的。
This is the end of Model Test Ten.（注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。）