总结性评论
在本章的开头，我曾评论道，当代博士生教育正受到前所未有的审视。我认为这是对学生数量不断增加、学生群体更加多样化、全球市场中的国际竞争以及博士生教育与全球经济需要相适应等方面带来的风险的一种回应。虽然不同国家的质量保证机制大相径庭，但它们共同的要旨都是规范、管理、衡量和控制博士生教育的关键方面——录取、引导、发展、指导、资助、毕业生特征、论文要求，以及考核流程。通常，这种标准化过程是通过适用于所有院系的规则、规定和质量保证程序来实施的，这些一般是由研究生院这样的中心管理部门制定的。总的来说，不同的利益相关者可能对何为高质量的研究生教育有相互矛盾的看法（比如在提早完成学业和培养一系列与就业相关的技能之间，可能存在一个协调权衡的过程）。此外，具有讽刺意味的是，富有创造性和创新性的博士研究可能需要那种如今正被严格管理的冒险精神。
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